NL2010692C2 - BUILDING ELEMENTS AND ROOF CONSTRUCTION. - Google Patents

Description

Title: Building elements and roof construction

This invention relates to building elements, more particularly for roof, wall or floor constructions, as well as to a roof construction that makes use of such building elements.

The building elements or building panels known from the prior art mainly consist of two types. On the one hand there is the so-called open-scaled building element, in which a base plate is applied only on one flat side of the building element or building panel and wherein the other side, namely the open side, is mainly formed by the insulation material itself and, on the other hand, the closed or sandwich building element in which a top plate is arranged on the second flat side, so that the insulation material is located in the space between the base plate and the top plate. This type of building element can be used as a roof element, as a wall element or as a floor element. For examples of open roof elements and closed or sandwich roof elements, reference is made to EP 0 978 601 and EP 1 162 050, respectively.

The use of building elements as an insulating, possibly self-supporting, roof element is already well known per se. For this purpose reference is made by way of example to EP 0 450 731 or EP 1 253 257.

Such roof elements can be mounted with their base plate on a simply constructed roof hood, for example a roof hood with only purlins. After the installation of such roof elements, these are generally still provided with tile battens which in turn support the roof tiles or other roof covering. In such a construction, the roof element fulfills the function of a traditional insulated roof. It is also possible that the aforementioned base plate forms the inner lining of the relevant roof construction or that the base plate is provided with such inner lining. Such roof elements are customarily prefabricated for a home.

A current challenge in the construction sector is the ever higher demands placed on buildings in terms of thermal and / or acoustic insulation. High demands are also made when renovating existing buildings, while the number of renovations is constantly increasing. As a result, the existing building elements, such as, for example, roof elements, often prove insufficient to meet the above requirements.

In order to be able to meet the requirements in the field of thermal insulation, building elements with insulation material are developed that have a large thickness. Specific problems arise with regard to their production as well as with regard to the weight and dimensions of the component. The manufacture of building elements with a large thickness is associated with a number of problems. For example, in some cases the machines used to produce such components must be adapted. Existing production machines have a limitation in terms of the maximum thickness of the building element that can be produced with it. Costly adjustments or even replacement of the machines therefore appear to be necessary.

Furthermore, it is from EP 2 110 487 to build building elements with a first layer and a second layer of insulating material, the insulating material of the second layer being different from that of the first layer. This achieves that specific properties of both insulation materials can be combined in one element. For example, an insulation material with favorable acoustic properties can be combined with an insulation material with favorable mechanical properties. However, the structure and construction as known from EP 2 110 487 involves limitations when it is desired to use it for building elements with a large thickness of the insulating material. Moreover, they are insufficiently suitable for rapid application during renovation.

With a view to obtaining improved thermal insulation of buildings, more particularly by means of the use of building elements or building panels with insulating material, the present invention relates to an alternative building element which, by its inventive characteristic, can contribute to an increased thermal and / or acoustic resistance of the building volume to which it is applied. According to various preferred embodiments, the invention offers a solution for one or more disadvantages of the building elements from the prior art.

To this end, according to a first independent aspect, the invention relates to a building element, more particularly for roof, wall or floor constructions, wherein this building element is composed of at least a first insulating material and a second separate insulating material, wherein in the assembled state of the building element these insulating materials are seen above in cross section, characterized in that the building element further comprises means for aligning the respective two insulating materials with respect to each other. Preferably it concerns an alignment at least in a direction transverse, preferably perpendicular, to the longitudinal direction of the building element. By means of such an alignment, a smoother production, or composition of the building elements in general, can be achieved from such building elements. Moreover, the assembly of the individual insulating materials can be carried out with a minimum of seams or air gaps. This alignment is also advantageous when using the building elements in a structure, since they can bring about a closer connection.

The building elements according to the invention are preferably self-supporting. By this is meant that such building elements can form a self-supporting construction, or in other words in such a construction are able to bear their own weight without significant distortion. This property can lead to very simple constructions.

According to a preferred embodiment, the building element comprises ribs, preferably wooden ribs or ribs from a material other than the insulating material.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the building element is composed of at least two parts, namely, on the one hand, a first part which is at least built up from a base plate and from one or more ribs, the aforementioned first insulating material extending over the base plate, and, on the other hand , a second part that is at least composed of the aforementioned second insulation material. This can be a self-supporting building element.

According to the invention, the above-mentioned means which provide for the elimination of the individual insulating materials can be carried out in various possible ways. Some of these options are discussed below.

According to a first possibility, which can for instance be applied in the case of the above particularly preferred embodiment, said means consist at least of one or more ribs which, viewed in cross section and in the assembled state of the component, protrude with respect to the first insulating material and a recess cooperating with it in the second part of the building element, and preferably in the second insulating material. According to an important preferred embodiment, the building element has the feature that the aforementioned one or more recesses are arranged in the second insulating material. However, it is not excluded that the recesses are provided in a different part of the second part than the insulating material of this second part. The use of the aforementioned recesses in the second insulating material avoids the use of other individual components.

According to a second possibility, the first insulating material or the first part, in the case of the above preferred embodiment, comprises protrusions which can cooperate with recesses in the second part of the building element, and preferably in the second insulating material.

According to a third possibility, protruding individual elements or profiles are provided in the first insulating material which can cooperate with the second part, and preferably with the second insulating material. The cooperation here does not necessarily have to take place with a recess in the second part or the second insulating material, but can also be obtained, for example, by penetrating the relevant element or profile into the second insulating material or into the second part, in general. This may, for example, concern elements or profiles that can hook into the second insulation material with barbs.

It is noted that the building elements of the invention can be manufactured with the existing production machines or with limited modifications. Assembling a building element from two or more parts is an important and inventive alternative to the building elements from the prior art. The two or more parts of the alternative assembled building element can be designed such that they can each be produced separately by the existing production machine. As a result, the necessary adjustments to the production machine and / or the production process can be reduced to a minimum. Moreover, they offer possibilities to meet the most recent requirements in the field of thermal insulation. Namely, assembling two separate insulating materials, or insulating layers, or assembling the 6 parts of the aforementioned special embodiment, permits a greater overall insulating thickness to be obtained.

Moreover, the concept of a building element that can be assembled from two or more parts, such as in the case of the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, offers the additional advantage that the building element offers more flexibility in terms of transport and in terms of installation. The smaller dimensions and low weight of the individual component parts ensure that both the transport and the installation of these building elements can proceed more smoothly.

Furthermore, the aforementioned concept can offer a solution for renovation projects in which a building element with insulating material is already present. The aforementioned building element already present can then serve as one of the parts from which the final new building element will be composed. The final building element is obtained in the aforementioned case by adding at least one additional part to the building element already present. The existing building element then serves as one part of the new composite building element.

A further important advantage of the aforementioned concept is that the height of ribs used in the building element can be adjusted to structural requirements of the building element and are less dependent on production-technical requirements. More specifically in the preferred case of self-supporting building elements, the ribs employed have an important structural function for the building element. In the concept of the present invention, the height of the aforementioned ribs can be limited to what is structurally necessary for the building element and does not have to be adapted to the total thickness of the insulating material used in the building element. Finally, the concept of a building element that can be assembled from two or more parts offers some possibilities in terms of modularity. More in particular, with a limited number of parts, a wide range of building elements with different thickness or with different thermal resistance value can be assembled.

The building element of the particularly preferred embodiment, more particularly the second part of the building element, preferably comprises a top plate which, viewed in cross-section, extends over the insulating material of the second part. The use of a top plate can provide improved mechanical properties of the building element, for example of the bending stiffness. Moreover, a roof construction assembled on the basis of such building elements can be walked on.

Preferably at least the base plate and / or, in case a top plate is used, the top plate consists essentially of a wood-based material, such as a multiplex plate, OSB plate (Oriented Strand Board), a wood chip plate, a wood fiber plate such as MDF or 15 HDF (Medium Density Fiberboard or High Density Fiberboard). Other sheet materials are also possible, such as flax chipboard, gypsum board, cement fiber board, gypsum fiber board or silicate board. The material used for the base plate and / or the top plate can have the property that it is water-resistant and / or fire-retardant, as can be the case with wood chip plate. The base plate of the building element and, if available, the top plate, preferably have a thickness of at least 6 millimeters, and more preferably of at least 10 millimeters and most preferably at least 12 millimeters.

According to a possible embodiment, one of the aforementioned plates, for example in the case of a roof element, preferably the plate or top plate facing outwards in the roof construction, is of a heavier design than the base plate. In the example of a roof element, the heavier construction of the top plate leads to a better mechanical resistance as well as to a better acoustic resistance. For example, as top plate a plate with a thickness of 12 millimeters or more can be used, such as a plate of 18 millimeters or more, while the other plate may be made thinner.

According to a preferred embodiment, the building element of the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment further has the feature that the base plate and / or the possibly present top plate is finished on at least one side, preferably the side that is directed inwards, with decorative material, for example with a laminate layer, scraps or the like. By applying such a building element, the finishing on the inside of the building can be simplified.

According to a possible embodiment, the building element of the present invention, for example the two or more parts of the building element of the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, forms a closed building element in the assembled state.

According to a further possible embodiment, the building element comprises slats which, viewed in cross section and in assembled condition, are located on the outside of the building element. In the case of a building element according to the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, it is preferably the second part that comprises the slats. As a result, a covering, such as roof tiles, can be provided on the outside of the building element, making use of the aforementioned slats.

The aforementioned slats can occur in the case of a second part provided with a top plate as well as in the case of a second part without top plate. In the case of a building element intended as a roof element, the aforementioned slats can be designed as counter slats. In the case of a building element in which the second part is provided with a top plate, these slats can be mounted on the top plate by means of different fixing techniques. For example, these slats can be glued or fixed by means of nails, screws and the like. A combination of the aforementioned fixing techniques is of course also possible. Said slats can also be used with a building element according to the invention with a second part without top plate. In the latter case, the slats can be attached to the insulating material 5 of the second part, on the outside of the building element. Such slats can be provided in all embodiments of the present invention, whether or not in the production of the component.

In the case of the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, the aforementioned slats of the second part are located, preferably but not necessarily, seen in cross section, above the ribs of the first part. As a result, a screw and / or nail can optionally be inserted through the aforementioned slats into the aforementioned ribs.

The vertical distance, viewed in cross-section of the structural element, between the underside of the aforementioned slats, if any, and the upper side of the aforementioned ribs, which were preferably designed above each other, is chosen such that said slats are provided by means of not abnormally long nails. or screws can be connected to the aforementioned underlying ribs, optionally through intermediate insulating material. Preferably, this vertical distance is less than or equal to 6 centimeters, more preferably less than or equal to 5 centimeters or most preferred smaller or equal to 3.6 centimeters.

In the possible case that the building element is composed of more than two insulating materials or parts, at least one of the two insulating materials is obtained. Any other insulation materials or parts may then be located below, above or between the first and the second part of the building element.

The construction element of the particularly preferred embodiment has the feature that the aforementioned one or more protruding ribs of the first part are provided with a bevel, at least on the side that protrudes with respect to the insulating material. According to a further preferred embodiment, the aforementioned projecting ribs of the first part are provided with a chamfer on both sides. According to the most preferred embodiment, the protruding ribs are designed as squares with, viewed in cross-section, a width of 20 millimeters or more, for example 28 millimeters, and a height of 150 millimeters or more, for example 170 millimeters, and a chamfer is provided with for example 3 millimeters 10 by 20 millimeters at the edges of the squares.

As an alternative to the aforementioned chamfer, the ribs may be provided with one or more narrowings at least at the end or at least near the end. These narrowings can be made as notches or as a serrated edge. A chamfer, or alternatively a narrowing at the end of the protruding rib, as described above has the advantage that a better cooperation of the component parts of the building element can be achieved. Furthermore, the use of the aforementioned chamfer can simplify the positioning when assembling the building element. Possibly, in the case of the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, the aforementioned one or more protruding ribs of the first part are fixed to the aforementioned base plate without intermediate insulating material. The ribs in question can for instance be fixed on the basis of nail, screw and / or glue connections and / or via any other fixing means. Through the direct attachment of the aforementioned ribs to the base plate of the first part, namely without intermediate insulating material, it is achieved that the ribs can properly absorb the applied forces and possibly transfer them to the underlying construction under a bending load on the building element. Moreover, according to this preferred embodiment, a simple construction of the building element can be achieved. As is apparent from the foregoing, the ribs in question are, according to the invention, preferably only directly connected to the base plate. Preferably, the respective protruding ribs are not connected to the optionally used top plate, although it is possible that they may, for example, be connected laterally to the insulating material, for example by means of an adhesive connection, wherein the insulating material can in turn be directly or indirectly connected back to the other plate. However, such lateral connection 10 of the ribs with the insulating material has no or almost no influence on the insulating properties and / or on the acoustic properties of the structural element.

According to a possible embodiment, the ribs of the first part, in the case of the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, are provided with an intervening acoustic and / or thermal decoupling strip, preferably they are connected to the above-mentioned first part via such a strip. According to another example, such a decoupling strip can be applied between the ribs and the second part, so that the ribs make contact over the decoupling strip with the aforementioned second part, wherein a thermal and / or acoustic decoupling is then achieved between the ribs and the second part . The latter is especially interesting with ribs that make direct contact with the base plate of the first part. In such a case, the occurrence of so-called cold bridges can be counteracted or avoided.

Preferably, in the case of the above-mentioned special embodiment, at least the first part and the second part are manufactured as separate parts. The concept of a building element that can be composed of two or more parts offers interesting possibilities in terms of modularity. More in particular, with a limited number of parts, a wide range of building elements with 12 different thickness or with different thermal resistance value can be assembled.

According to yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in general, the aforementioned first and the aforementioned second insulating material are connected to each other by means of an adhesive connection. The use of an adhesive connection can bring about an improved connection between the insulating materials, for example a better resistance to mutual shear.

Preferably, the aforementioned first insulating material of the first part and the aforementioned second insulating material are each selected from the list consisting of cellulose-based insulating material, insulating material based on wood fibers, mineral wool, glass wool, rock wool, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate foam, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene and phenol insulation material.

Preferably, for the insulating material of the two or more parts of the building element according to the invention, typical thermally insulating materials that are currently widely used are used, such as with an insulating foam selected from the series consisting of polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, expanded Polystyrene and phenol isolation.

Still according to the invention, for the first and / or the second insulating material, it is also possible to work with other insulating materials such as perlite, vermiculite, glass foam, wood wool, flax wool, sheep wool, plumes, such as for example duck plumes or flaked foam.

Flaked foam may, for example, contain foam flakes connected with polyurethane, wherein these foam flakes are obtained, for example, as waste in the production of mattresses or seats.

In the case of glass wool, a significant fire-retardant effect is achieved, and in the case of an insulation material of animal origin, a very environmentally friendly building element is obtained.

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Cellulose-based insulation materials are known for their good acoustic insulation value, moreover they also show an acceptable to very good thermal insulation value. The cellulose-based insulation material can be applied to the building element either dry, as a self-contained layer or as a viscous liquid substance, after which it is cured or dried out.

Insulation materials based on wood fiber also exhibit good acoustic insulation values in combination with an acceptable to very good thermal insulation value. The wood fibers can herein be connected to each other, for example, with the aid of a polyolefin. It is also possible that this insulation material is provided with fire-retardant additives, such as one or more inorganic nitrogen-containing mineral acids. For example, the wood Flex insulation boards marketed by HOMATHERM® are also suitable for use in the components of the present invention.

Preferably, the same insulating material is chosen for the first and second insulating material. However, it is not excluded that different insulation materials are used. In particular when in the situation of a renovation a building element is already present, a new building element according to the invention can be formed by using at least a second insulating material which cooperates with the original insulating material of the already present building element. Especially in the latter case, it is to be foreseen that a building element is formed in which the first and the second insulating material are different.

According to a preferred embodiment, the building element of the present invention exhibits a thermal resistance value (Rc) of more than 5.5 m2K / W, and preferably more than 6.45 m2K / W and most preferably more than 7.2 m2K / W. Such insulating values can be achieved with an insulation material based on polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam, wherein this insulation material itself has a thickness of 150 millimeters, 175 millimeters and 195 millimeters or more, respectively.

Preferably, the building element of the present invention is elongated. In the case of the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, the ribs extend, preferably, in the longitudinal direction of the building element. Two or more of such ribs are preferably used, wherein these ribs are, preferably, located internally in the building element and thus do not form a side edge thereof, although this is not excluded. The insulating material is preferably located at least for a part thereof between the aforementioned two or more ribs. Such ribs preferably consist of wooden beams or squares, preferably with a rectangular cross-section. It is of course not excluded that a material other than wood is used, and / or that a different cross-section is opted for for these ribs, such as for a cross-section similar to the cross-section of an I-profile. Preferably, a lateral distance of at least 30 centimeters is kept between the ribs and more preferably of at least 40 centimeters.

In the case of the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, the building element of the invention preferably further has the feature that the ribs of the first part of the building element have a height of less than 195 millimeters and preferably less than 170 millimeters and possibly less than 150 millimeters and wherein the total thickness of the insulating material of the building element, viewed in cross section, is more than 195 millimeters, more than 175 millimeters and more than 150 millimeters. As is apparent from this preferred characteristic, the ribs preferably have a height that is smaller than the total thickness of the insulating material. In the case that the requirements for the structural element on the surface of thermal resistance are very high, the required thickness of the insulating material, of the different parts of the structural element together, also called the total thickness of the insulating material of the structural element, namely, being greater than the required height of the ribs, required to give the structural element the necessary structural flexural strength. In the case of self-supporting components, the ribs preferably have a minimum height of 80 millimeters. More particularly, according to this preferred embodiment, the height of the aforementioned ribs is preferably chosen such that these ribs exhibit a surface moment of inertia that is required to give the structural element sufficient resistance to deflection under normal loads.

In the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, the top side of the second part is preferably separated from the aforementioned ribs of the first part by at least one air chamber. The use of an air chamber can provide improved acoustic and / or thermal properties of the building element. It is clear that possibly in addition to an air chamber also another material, preferably insulating material, is located between the aforementioned ribs and the upper side of the second part. Optionally, instead of air, it is also possible to use another material which is preferably more compressible than the aforementioned insulating material, such as, for example, a foamed material, a gel or a liquid which is, for example, in a closed, deformable container. According to a possible embodiment, a thermal and / or acoustic decoupling strip can be used between the aforementioned ribs of the first part on the one hand and the second part on the other.

According to a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, viewed in cross-section and in the assembled state of the building element, the aforementioned means for extending extend up to 16 higher than the first insulating material and extend only partially in the second separate insulating material.

According to a more preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned means for the alignment consist of one or more ribs, preferably wooden ribs, which, viewed in cross-section, stand on the base plate and extend to higher than the first insulating material and which in the assembled state of the building element extend only partially into the second insulating material.

According to a preferred embodiment, the second part of the building element, seen in the assembled state of the building element and in cross-section, extends at least to a level that is higher than the top of the aforementioned means for the alignment. Preferably, seen in cross-section and in the assembled state of the building element, there is insulation material of the second part 15 at a height above the aforementioned means for the alignment.

According to a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned means for alignment consist of ribs, more particularly of wooden ribs. Preferably, seen in cross-section and in the assembled state of the building element, insulating material of the second part is present at a height above the aforementioned ribs or at least at a height above at least one of the aforementioned ribs.

The aforementioned means for the alignment allow, when assembling the building element, to essentially align the second individual insulation material with the first insulation material. In this case, any other parts of the second part are preferably also aligned with the first insulating material. For example in the possible case where the second part comprises an upper plate, when assembling the building element by means of the aforementioned means this upper plate is also aligned with respect to the first insulating material. According to another example, the second part of the building element 17 possibly comprises one or more counter battens, wherein during assembly of the building element by means of the aforementioned means for aligning these counter battens are also aligned with respect to the first insulating material. Preferably, the aforementioned means allow an alignment of the second part of the building element with the first part of the building element. For the same purpose as in the first aspect, according to an independent second aspect thereof, the present invention relates to another roof construction, said roof construction comprises one or more building elements with the characteristics of the first aspect.

It is clear that in a roof construction with the features of the second aspect any building element of the first aspect and the preferred embodiments thereof can be used. Preferably, these are the building elements of the particularly preferred embodiment mentioned there, wherein each of these building elements is composed of at least two parts, wherein a first part is at least composed of a base plate and of one or more ribs, said building elements being directly or are mounted indirectly on the roof truss or on the roof hood, characterized in that, viewed in cross-section, at least one of the aforementioned ribs of the first part protrudes relative to the insulating material of the first part and wherein the second part comprises recesses that can cooperating with the aforementioned one or more protruding ribs of the first part. With a roof construction in which such building elements are used, a solution can be achieved for one or more of the aforementioned problems.

The roof construction preferably also comprises counter slats which are mounted on the building elements. The counter battens herein preferably extend in the longitudinal direction of the building elements. In roof constructions where the longitudinal direction of the building elements is parallel to the width of the roof construction, it is of course possible for the slats, more particularly the batten slats, to extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the building element. In such a case, the slats are preferably fixed to the building element only if it is already included in the roof construction.

Still according to the invention, by using a plurality of building elements with the features of the first aspect, a construction can be obtained, more specifically a roof construction, wherein by seaming the respective two insulating materials of the building element no seam remains between the attached building elements or a seam 10 remains between the adjacent building elements that exhibit a constant geometry. This seam preferably has limited dimensions in relation to the dimensions of the building element, preferably a seam of less than 5 centimeters, measured transversely of the edge of the building element. Preferably, this seam can be finished or sealed by using a foaming filler, such as with a PU foam, for example with the aid of a spray can. This allows for a simple finishing of the roof construction.

It is clear that where in the first aspect there is talk of a base plate, it is preferably this plate that is directed inwards in the roof construction. However, it is clear to the person skilled in the art that similar effects can be achieved if this base plate were directed outwards. It is therefore not excluded that the building elements described in the context of the first aspect can be used at the top in a construction, for example in a roof construction with the features of the second aspect.

For preferred embodiments of such a roof construction, reference is made to the detailed description.

With the insight to better demonstrate the characteristics of the invention, a few preferred embodiments are described below as an example without any limiting character, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: figure 1 represents a building element with the characteristics of the invention; first aspect of the invention; Figure 2 represents a cross-section on a larger scale according to the line II-II indicated in figure 1; figures 3 to 5 show variants in a view similar to that of figure 2; figure 6 shows in a view similar to that of figure 2 the first part and the second part of a building element according to the invention, in non-assembled state; figures 7 to 9 show still further variants in the same view; and figure 10 represents a roof construction according to the second aspect of the invention.

Figure 1 shows a building element 1, more particularly a roof element or roof panel, including the features of the first aspect of the present invention. In the example, the building element 1 is composed of two parts, namely a first part 2 and a second part 3. The first part 2 is made up of a base plate 4 and a plurality of ribs 5, with a first insulating material 6 over it, and in this case above, the base plate 4 extends. The second part 3 of the building element 1 is mainly composed of a second separate insulating material 7.

The special feature of the building element 1 of figure 1 consists in that the first insulating material 6 and the second insulating material 7, in the assembled state of the building element, and seen in cross-section, thus in view of figure 2, extend one above the other and that the building element 1 further comprises means 8 for aligning the two insulating materials 6-7 relative to each other. This is an alignment in a direction R1 transverse to the length L or the longitudinal direction of the building element 1, and in this case parallel to its width B.

20

In the example of Fig. 1, the first option referred to in the introduction is applied to the means 8. The means 8 here consist at least of one of the aforementioned ribs 5 which, viewed in cross-section and in the assembled state of the building element 1, protrude with respect to the first insulating material 6 and a recess 9 cooperating with it in the second part 3. In this In this case, all ribs 5 of the first part 2 cooperate with a corresponding recess 9 in the second insulating material 7.

In the example, three ribs 5 are used which extend in the longitudinal direction of the elongated building element 1. With regard to the first insulating material 6, or the insulating material of the first part 2, use can for instance be made of foamed insulating material such as polyurethane ( PUR) or polyisocyanurate (PIR). Also for the second insulation material 7, or the insulation material of the second part 3, use can be made of the above-mentioned foamed insulation materials. Optionally, the insulating material 6 or 7 of the two aforementioned parts 2 and 3 can per se be composed of several layers of the same material or not. Such a multi-layered composition of the insulating material 6 or 7 is not shown here.

It is noted that a building element 1 or roof element, such as that of figure 1, can in practice have a length L which can amount to several times the width B of the building element 1. The length L can be provided to measure to the roof construction and is preferably between 2 and 8 meters, while the width B of the building element 1, in the case of the example from figure 1, depends on the number of ribs 5 that the building element 1, with a width B between 60 and 150 centimeters being preferred. The total height A of the building element 1 is mainly dependent on the required or desired thermal resistance value of the building element 1 and thus on the thicknesses D1-D2 used of the first insulating material 6 and the second insulating material 7.

21

Figure 2 shows that the total thickness D of the insulating material of the building element 1 is determined by the thickness D1 of the first insulating material 6 and the thickness D2 of the second insulating material 7. The total thickness D is greater than the height H of the ribs 5.

The building element 1 of figures 1 and 2 furthermore has the special feature that the ribs 5 of the first part 2 are thermally disconnected from the upper side of the building element 1. A part of the second insulating material 7 is also present between the ribs 5 and the top side of the building element 1. The top side of the building element 1 is thus connected, via the insulating material 7 and 6, to the ribs 5 and to the base plate 4 of the first part 2 in a thermally interrupted manner.

The aforementioned ribs 5 or squares preferably consist of wood such as pine or pinewood and preferably cover the entire length L 15 of the structural element 1. Preferably, each rib 5 consists in length in one piece and preferably has a thickness of 20 to 45 millimeter. Instead of being made in one piece, one or more of the aforementioned ribs 5 can also be assembled in their spring direction from several parts, for example by attaching shorter ribs to each other. Such confirmation can for instance be carried out with a so-called finger joint. For an example of such a technique, reference is made to EP 1 162 050. It is noted that the base plate 4 can also consist of several assembled parts.

It is clear that in the example of Figure 1, the compressive strength of the shown building element 1 at a load perpendicular to the building element 1 is mainly determined by the compressive strength of the insulating material 7.

Preferably, the first insulating material 6, as shown in the variant of Figure 3, is connected at least to an adhesive connection 10 to the second separate insulating material 7. The aforementioned 22 glue connection 10 between the first and second insulating material 6 and 7 of both parts 2-3 is, in the example of Fig. 3, not over the entire surface of the base plate 4, but interrupted at the level of the ribs 5. The large surface area of the contact surface between the two insulating materials 6 and 7 leads to a sufficient strength of the adhesive connection 10 between the two parts 2 and 3 of the building element 1 to accommodate any external loads such as, for example, wind loads.

Figure 3 shows a building element 1, wherein, seen in cross-section 10, the second part 3 further comprises an upper plate 11 which, viewed in cross-section, extends over the second insulating material 7 or the insulating material of the second part 3.

The aforementioned base plate 4 and / or top plate 11, as shown inter alia in figure 3, can each be selected from the non-hmitative series 15 of chipboard, gypsum board, gypsum fiber board, multiplex board, OSB board (Oriented Strand Board) and silicate board. It is clear that the same type of plate does not necessarily have to be chosen for the base plate 4 and the top plate 11. Also the selected thickness of the base plate 4 and the top plate 11 can possibly be different.

Figure 3 also schematically shows that the ribs 5 can be connected via adhesive connections 10 to the base plate 4 and, preferably also to the first insulating material 6 located between the ribs 5. These adhesive connections 10, however, have little or no influence on the pressure stiffness or compressive strength of the structural element 1, but do have a positive influence on the resistance to bending and / or torsional loads.

As shown in Figure 3, the two or more parts 2, 3 of the building element 1 according to a preferred embodiment form a closed building element in the assembled state.

In the case of Figure 3, the top plate 11 is provided with internal reinforcement slats 12. Such reinforcement slats 12 contribute to the 23 stiffness, mainly the bending stiffness, of the second part 3 and in particular of the top plate 11.

With the building element 1 of figure 3, the ribs 5 of the first part 2 are thermally disconnected from the top plate 11 of the building element 1.

This thermal decoupling is achieved in that the aforementioned ribs 5 are only in contact with the top plate 11 of the building element via the insulating material 7 of the second part 3. The ribs 5 of the first part 2 do not make direct contact with the internal reinforcement slats 12 of the second part 3. Alternatively, a thermal and / or acoustic decoupling strip may be present between the aforementioned ribs 5 of the first part 2, on the one hand, and the second part 3 of the building element 1, on the other hand. However, such a thermal decoupling strip is not shown in Figure 3.

In addition, in the example shown of Figure 3, the top side 15 of the building element, more particularly the top plate 11, is acoustically decoupled from the base plate 4. In the case shown, this favorable property has been obtained in that the top plate 11 is only via the insulating material 6- 7 is connected to the base plate 4. The upper side of the building element 1 is therefore elastically connected via the insulating material 6-7 to the underside of the building element 1, in this case the base plate 4 of the first part 2. Herewith it is achieved that sound waves that reach the top side of the building element 1 and can propagate in the building element 1, being able to propagate mainly, if not exclusively, via the insulating material 6-7 to the inside of the building. Optionally, one or more parts of the building element 1 can be worked with an insulating material with favorable acoustic properties, such as, for example, with wood-fiber insulating plate, so that a high absorption of the sound waves in the building element 1 can be obtained.

24

In the case of Fig. 3, the ribs 5 of the first part 2 and the internal reinforcement slats 12 of the second part 3 are superposed, viewed in cross-section. This characteristic can lead to a simple manufacture of such building elements 1. The fitting of the internal reinforcement slats 12 and the fitting of the recesses 9 in the second part 3 can hereby be combined.

Preferably, as shown here, there is a space or air chamber 13 between the ribs 5 and the internal reinforcement slats 12. This promotes the acoustic and thermal disconnection of the base plate 4 and the top plate 11. According to a variant, there may be contact between the ribs 5 and the internal reinforcement slats 12, with or without the intervention of a disconnection strip, whereby an increased stiffness of the element 1 can then be obtained.

Figure 4 shows another clear example of a building element 1 in which, seen in cross section, the top of the second part 3, in this example the top plate 11 of the second part 3 is separated by means of an air chamber 13. It is clear that instead of air it is also possible to use another material which is preferably better compressible than the aforementioned insulating material, such as, for example, a foamed material, a gel or a liquid which is, for example, in a closed deformable container. In this example it is also clearly shown that the internal reinforcement slats 12 can be made with a considerably smaller cross-section than the ribs 5.

As is also the case in Figs. 1 to 3, Fig. 4 also illustrates that the aforementioned one or more protruding ribs 5 without intermediate insulating material 6 are mounted on the base plate 4. The relevant ribs 5 can for instance be attached on the basis of nail, screw and / or glue connections and / or via any other fastener.

25

In the example of Figure 4, among other things, the building element 1 has the feature that seen in the cross-section and in the assembled state of the building element 1, the aforementioned means 8 for the alignment extend to higher than the first insulating material 6 and extend to only partially in the second individual insulation material 7.

Furthermore, the example from figure 4 also has the characteristics that the aforementioned means 8 for alignment consist of a plurality of ribs 5, in this example wooden ribs, which, viewed in cross-section, stand on the base plate 4 and extend to higher than the first insulating material 6 and which, in the assembled state of the building element, extend only partially in the second insulating material 7.

Still in this example, the second part 3 of the building element 1, seen in the assembled state of the building element and seen in cross-section, extends above a level N which is higher than the upper side of the aforementioned means 8 for the alignment. The insulation material 7 of the second part 3 is herein present at a height above the aforementioned means 8 for the alignment, more particularly at a height above the ribs 5.

It is clear that also the embodiments shown in the other figures 1 to 3 and figures 5 to 9 also show the above-mentioned property that the second part 3 of the building element 1, seen in the assembled state of the building element 1 and seen in cross section, up to a level higher than the top of the aforementioned ribs 5.

In figure 5 the protruding ribs 5 of the first part 2 are not directly attached to the base plate 4. In the embodiment of Figure 5, viewed in cross-section, there is intermediate insulating material 6 between the projecting ribs 5 and the base plate 4. Furthermore, this embodiment also comprises internal reinforcing slats 12 in both the first part 2 and in the second part 3. It is clear that these internal 26 reinforcement slats 12 need not, seen in cross-section, be aligned with the aforementioned ribs 5 but can be placed in any position relative to the ribs 5.

Figure 6 shows a building element 1 in the non-assembled state. The embodiment as shown in Fig. 6 substantially corresponds to that shown in Fig. 2. Just as in the embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2, battens 14 are also used here. This relates to the top side of the building element 1, which is intended in the application of a roof construction to be directed outwards, which is provided with slats 14 attached to it, in particular counter slats 14, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the building element 1. extend. In the example of the preceding figures, the above-mentioned top side of the building element is also the top of the second part 3. The counter slats 14 can for instance be glued to the top of the second part 3 of the building element 1. Such counter battens 14 can be provided in all embodiments of the present invention, whether or not during the production of the component 1. Although the case in Figures 1, 2 and 6, the aforementioned slats 14 need not necessarily be placed in positions which , viewed in cross-section, are situated above the aforementioned ribs 5. In other words, the slats 14 need not necessarily be aligned with the ribs 5. In roof constructions where the longitudinal direction of the building elements 1 is parallel to the width of the roof construction, it is of course possible for the counter slats 14 to extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of extend the building element 1. In such a case, the counter slats 14 are preferably fixed to the building element 1 only if it is already included in the roof construction.

The example of Fig. 6, among others, is characterized in that the above-mentioned means 8 for alignment allow, when assembling the building element 1, in particular to align the second individual insulation material 7 with the first insulation material 6. In this case, any other parts of the second part 3 are also aligned with the first insulating material 6. In the specific case of Figure 6, in which the second part 3 of the building element 1 comprises a plurality of counter slats 14, during assembly of the building element 1 by means of the aforementioned means 8 for aligning, these counter slats 14 are also aligned with respect to the first insulating material 6. The aforementioned counter battens 14 are also aligned with the ribs 5 of the first part 2.

Figure 6 shows an example in which at least the first part 2 and the second part 3 of the building element 1 are manufactured as separate parts and can subsequently be assembled, for example on site or on the roof. Furthermore, a particularly preferred feature of the present invention is shown on this figure 6, namely that the aforementioned one or more protruding ribs 5 of the first part 2, at least on the side that protrudes with respect to the insulating material 6, are provided with one or more chamfers 15. According to a further preferred embodiment, the aforementioned one or more protruding ribs 5 of the first part 2 are possibly directed on the side 20 to the base plate 4, provided with one or more chamfers 15. the preferred feature of the invention is shown schematically that at least the base plate 4 has a decorative side 16, for example as here embodied as a layer-shaped covering. Finally, figure 6 also shows diagrammatically that the recess 9 is designed with an under-dimension so that the second insulating material 7 can clamp over the ribs 5.

Figures 7 and 8 show in cross-section still possible embodiments of a building element 1 according to the present invention, more particularly of a building element 1, wherein a different insulating material was chosen for the first and the second insulating material 6-7. A possibility is a combination of insulating materials 6-7 of respectively polyurethane as first insulating material 6 and rock wool as second insulating material 7, or vice versa, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8 respectively. Another possible and interesting combination of insulating materials 6- 7 is the combination of a second insulation material 7 with improved acoustic properties and a first insulation material 6 that is a foamed insulation material. In the latter case, an acoustic decoupling is preferably also chosen between the projecting ribs 5 of the first part 2 on the one hand and the second part 3 of the building element 1 on the other. As in the example of Figure 7, acoustic and / or thermal decoupling strips 17 can be used for this on top of the above-mentioned projecting ribs 5. As already mentioned, such decoupling strips 17 can also be used in the air chambers 13 of the building elements 1 shown in Figures 3. and 4.

The example of Fig. 7, among others, is characterized in that the above-mentioned means 8 for alignment allow, when assembling the structural element 1, to primarily refine the second individual insulation material 7 with the first insulation material 6. In the specific case of Figure 7, the second part 3 comprises a top plate 11, and when the building element 1 is assembled by means of the aforementioned means 8 this top plate 11 is also aligned with respect to the first insulating material 6.

Figure 9 shows another possible embodiment of a building element 1 according to the present invention, wherein the first part 2 is provided with two plates, namely a base plate 4 and an intermediate plate 18. This intermediate plate 18 can optionally be seen as an upper plate of the first part 2. The protruding ribs 5 of the first part 2 are formed in this embodiment by means of ribs 5 which are mounted on top of the aforementioned intermediate plate 18. It is clear that the building element as shown in figure 9 has the feature that seen in cross-section, at least one of the aforementioned ribs 5 protrudes relative to the insulating material 6 of the first part 2 and wherein the second part 3 comprises recesses 9 which can cooperate with the aforementioned one or more protruding ribs 5 of the first part 2.

The various examples shown in Figures 1 to 9 further have the preferred feature that the aforementioned means 8 provide an alignment of the second part 3 of the building element 1 with the first part 2 of the building element 1. However, it is clear that this 10 need not necessarily be so to fall within the scope of the present invention. For example, the counter slats from the example of Figure 2 can optionally also be applied separately after the building element has been assembled.

Figure 10 shows how the building element of Figure 1 can be used in a roof construction 19. A relatively simple roof hood 20 can be assumed here, wherein a limited number of purlins 21 is used, on which building elements 1, more specifically roof elements 1, are used. confirmed. For example, as shown here, roof tiles 22 can be installed after tile slats 23 have first been provided. The tile slats 23, in the example, were attached to the counter slats 14.

Although in the example the building elements 1 extend with their longitudinal direction from the gutter to the ridge, it is possible to position the building elements 1, according to a variant of such a roof construction, such that they extend with their longitudinal direction in the width of the roof structure 19.

Figure 10 shows a roof construction with, among other things, the features of the second aspect of the present invention.

It is further noted that in figures 1, 2 and 6 it is still shown that the edge 24 of a building element 1 can be designed with a profiling. The profiling 25 is embodied such that a seam 26 is present in the roof construction 19 between the tops of adjacent building elements 1, which can be finished, for example, with a foaming filler, such as with a PU foam, for example by means of a spray can. Preferably, a seam 26 is present between the adjacent building elements 1 which has a constant geometry. For example, the seam 26 may have a constant width perpendicular to the edge 24. Preferably, this seam 26 has limited dimensions in relation to the dimensions of the building element 1, preferably a seam 26 of less than five centimeters, measured transversely of the edge 24 of the building element 1.

In the examples of Figures 1, 2 and 6, the building element 1 is also provided with a notch 27 at the height of the first part 2, which notch 27 forms a chamber with the notch 27 of an adjacent building element 1 for the aforementioned filler . In this case, the notch 27 is V-shaped and extends over the full length L of the component 1. Naturally, such notch 27 can also be applied to the underside of one or more of the parts 2-3, but this is not shown here.

It is further noted that in the example from figure 2 the vertical distance V, viewed in cross section of the structural element, between the bottom side of the slats 14 and the top side of the ribs 5, which in the embodiment shown were designed above each other, such selected that said slats 14 can be connected to the aforementioned underlying ribs 5 by means of not abnormally long nails or screws, in this example through intermediate insulating material 7. Preferably, this vertical distance V is less than or equal to 6 centimeters, better yet smaller than or equal to 5 centimeters or as in the schematically shown embodiment of figure 2, equal to 3.6 centimeters. It is important to note here that the distances or the ratios of 31 distances shown in this connection in the figures may, however, deviate from the actual distances or ratios.

Still according to the invention, by using a plurality of building elements 1 having the features of the first aspect, a construction 5 can be obtained, more specifically a roof construction, wherein by aligning the respective two insulating materials of the building element no seam or a seam with a constant width between the adjacent building elements.

It is to be noted that all Figures 1 to 9 show the features of the particularly preferred embodiment of the first aspect mentioned in the introduction.

The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiments described above, but such building elements and roof constructions can be realized according to different variants without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, it is possible to use, instead of the invention, the flat building elements shown in the figures, to use so-called arched building elements. These are characterized in that the aforementioned base plate and / or top plate are curved according to an arc with a radius of, for example, 2 to 10 meters, and this preferably around an axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the building element. These building elements are suitable, for example, as an acoustic roof element in a roof construction that has a certain curvature. Preferably, such roof elements extend with their longitudinal direction in the width of the roof construction.

Claims (19)

A building element, more especially for roof, wall or floor constructions, wherein this building element (1) is composed of at least a first insulating material (6) and a second separate insulating material (7), wherein in the assembled state of the building element (1) these insulating materials (6-7) extend above one another, viewed in cross-section, characterized in that the building element (1) further comprises means (8) for aligning the respective two insulating materials (6-7) with respect to each other . 2. Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that this building element (1) is composed of at least two parts (2-3), namely, on the one hand, a first part (2) which is at least composed of a base plate (4) and of one or more ribs (5), the aforementioned first insulating material (6) extending over the base plate (4), and, on the other hand, a second part (3) which is at least built up from the aforementioned second separate insulating material (7) , wherein said means (8) consist of at least one of the aforementioned ribs (5) which, viewed in cross-section and in the assembled state of the structural element (1), protrudes with respect to the first insulating material (6) and a recess cooperating with it ( 9) in the second part (3). Building component according to claim 2, characterized in that the second part (3) further comprises an upper plate (11) which, viewed in cross-section, extends over the second insulating material (7). 4. Building element according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the above-mentioned recesses (9) of the second part (3) are provided in the second insulating material (7). Building element according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the above-mentioned one or more protruding ribs (5) of the first part (2) are attached to the said base plate (4) without intermediate insulating material. Building component, according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that at least the base plate (4) and / or, in case a top plate (11) is used, at least the top plate (11) is made of wood-based material built up. Building element according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that at least the base plate (4) has a decorative side (16) on the underside. Building element according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that, viewed in cross section, the top of the second part (3) is separated from said ribs (5) of the first part (2) at least by means of an air chamber (13). Building element, according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the building element (1) is elongated and the aforementioned ribs (5) of the first part (2) extend in the longitudinal direction of the building element (1). 10. Building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building element (1) forms a closed building element (1) in assembled condition. Building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building element (1) comprises slats (14) which, viewed in cross section and in assembled condition, are located on the outside of the building element (1). Building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the first insulating material (6) and the second insulating material (7) are manufactured separately. Building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the above-mentioned first insulating material (6) and second insulating material (7) are connected to each other by means of an adhesive connection (10). Building component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the above-mentioned first insulating material (6) is selected from the list consisting of cellulose-based insulating material, insulating material based on wood fibers, glass wool, rock wool, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate foam, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene and phenol insulation material. Building component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aforementioned second insulating material (7) is selected from the list consisting of cellulose-based insulating material, insulating material based on wood fibers, glass wool, rock wool, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate foam, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene and phenol insulation material. Building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the same insulating material is chosen for the first insulating material (6) and the second insulating material (7). 17. Building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building element (1) has at least one thermal resistance value (Rc) of 5 m2K / W. A roof construction, wherein said roof construction (19) comprises one or more building elements (1) with the features of the preceding claims, wherein each of these building elements (1) is composed of at least a first insulating material (6) and a second separate insulating material ( 7), wherein in the assembled state of the building element (1) these insulating materials (6-7), seen in cross-section, extend above each other, characterized in that each of the aforementioned building elements (1) further comprises means (8) for aligning the respective two insulating materials (6-7) relative to each other. 19. Roof construction as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that each of the building elements (1) is composed of at least two parts (2-3), wherein a first part is composed at least of a base plate (4) and of one or more ribs (5) ), wherein said building elements (1) 5 are attached directly or indirectly to the roof truss or roof hood (20), characterized in that, viewed in cross-section, at least one of the aforementioned ribs (5) protrudes from the first part (2) with respect to the first insulating material (6) and wherein the second part (3) comprises recesses (9) which can cooperate with the aforementioned one or more protruding ribs (5) of the first part (2).