EA012073B1 - Building board, building element or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a building board or a building element having a multilayer structure, preferably wood-based and consisting of at least three bonded to each other layers, wherein a layer (5) is made of a material, preferably wood-based, which consists of vertically oriented (fv) vertical fibres (50) and is formed as a core layer between two covering layers (3, 4) made of a layer, preferably wood-based, material, the vertical fibres (50) are oriented substantially in a vertical direction with respect to the main extension (ed) of the covering layers (3, 4), in the preferred embodiment, the vertical fibre layer (50) comprises a plurality of vertical cavities (6) which completely transverse said layer and are oriented in a direction (hv) in conformity with the vertical orientation (fv) of the vertical fibres (50) of the material, preferably wood, of which said layer (5) is made.

Description

The invention relates to a new building plate or to a new building element, in particular a bearing, structural, wall, cladding element, etc., of a multilayer structure, mainly based on wood or wood materials, which / which is formed / formed by at least three connected between themselves with the material closure layers, panels, films, etc., in particular, two spaced apart and parallel to each other covering layers and at least one spaced dy them and connected to them heart-shaped layer.

There are a large number of construction and structural, load-bearing, wall and / or cladding elements made for various purposes, based on various principles, mainly for building purposes, for example, building elements intended for embedding into existing buildings, etc. multi-layer structure for new construction, decoration, renovation, design, etc. buildings, structures, buildings, etc., as well as for mobile buildings, separation elements, etc., as they are used, for example, at exhibitions, fairs, presentations, markets, etc., and further, in particular, for panels in order to design buildings and for dividing elements in buildings, with heat and sound insulation claddings, etc., in the furniture production and fair construction sector, as well as for cladding elements in the car, boat and shipbuilding, for decoration of living wagons, caravans, etc. or for building construction and auxiliary devices, such as formwork in high-rise construction, etc., and are used today in a large and increasing volume.

On the basis of concrete experience obtained in practice, as well as an extensive series of tests, it was possible to create new building plates or building elements, etc. within the framework of relevant developments of the kind described above with significantly improved strength, sound and thermal insulation characteristics, as well as other optimal physical, building-technical, building-physical and building-biological properties, which, in particular, are preferably made from biogenic materials or, at least, mainly with the use of such, therefore, in particular, from natural, i.e., adult wood or wood materials based on it, are distinguished by high quality, environmental friendliness, bio decomposability and thus high quality of utilization.

The object of the invention is the aforementioned building boards or building elements, in particular load-bearing, structural, wall, facing elements, etc., according to the restrictive part of claim 1 of the claims, having features or combinations of these disclosed in the distinctive part of claim 1.

Due to the forced orientation of the fibers or fiber of the core layer across, i.e., at least mainly perpendicular to the main length of the new building boards, with full obtaining of high mechanical strength and endurance, damping vibrations and insulating properties is provided by building-physical and building - biologically valuable, compensatory active transverse diffusion of moisture, etc., and at the same time guarantees high mechanical loading and bearing capacity of the new builder s elements or, in particular, as specific loadability of the new building board.

The tendency to shrink or stretch wood in the direction of the fibers, for example, when the humidity of the ambient air changes, is very small and is about 1% maximum, which, under varying ambient conditions, provides an almost constant thickness, mostly substantially greater thickness, than the vertical fiber core layer containing the covering layers and, thereby, basically, the whole building element or the whole new building board.

A new building plate or a new building element, etc., makes it possible to use to a large extent for a relatively thick core layer, i.e., a relatively large fraction of its entire or its core volume, i.e., a vertical fiber layer, and, in accordance with the position on the market, it is as cheap as possible and preferably even less valuable wood, wood waste and, in particular, also light wood, as a result of which significant results are achieved cost of onomy without having to put up with the loss of stability and durability of new building elements.

Another significant advantage is that, due to the “vertical orientation” of the fibers or fiber in the vertical fiber layer, it is the wood that has a lower density and / or transverse strength that can be used, which is nevertheless completely stable to pressure in the fiber direction, can be used what can be realized mechanically stable building plates with an unattainable so far bulk density, and, if necessary, the thickness of the material of new Liters, beams, etc. Here it should be emphasized that the frequently used term “building boards” in no way refers only to structural, formwork and cladding plates for buildings, but also implies generally plates for a variety of other purposes, for example for building , production of furniture and equipment, as well as for a variety of bearing and separation elements, etc. for construction and other purposes.

- 1 012073

According to a variant which is particularly preferable in the framework of claim 1, in particular, in the sense of the substantial decrease in the weight or mass of a new building board or building elements, etc. and essential, therefore, ease of handling and mobility with quite high stability and mechanical strength, provided that the vertical fiber layer, preferably consisting of wood, is made with a multitude of vertical cavities completely passing through it, notches, milled or drilled holes and t .p., which, at least, basically, coincide with the perpendicular, mainly, the length of the covering panels by the orientation of vertical fibers or vertical fiber forming it t layer of material, mainly wood, in particular, have an orientation parallel to it.

The advantage of this variant, which is particularly preferred in the framework of the invention, is based on the discovery that due to the directional fibers of the vertical cavities in the vertical fiber layer, a significant reduction in the weight of the new building board is achieved, which, however, could not be expected in any way reduces strength, with the transverse diffusion capacity (moisture) and moisture compensation being significantly increased.

Claims 2-4 of the claims provide more detailed data regarding the options preferred for the properties of new building boards or building elements within the framework of the invention, the optimal shape and distribution of vertical cavities, and also preferably the observed dimensional relationships between the volume of empty spaces and wood pulp in vertical fiber layer.

When using wood in construction, special attention should be paid to fire protection.

Using the coating of the inner walls of the vertical cavities described in paragraph 5 with an intruding polymer mass, which can be carried out only with a small layer thickness in a simple manner, mainly due to splashing from nozzles introduced into these cavities for a short time during the current production process, in case of fire fire safety is achieved with high reliability due to filling of cavities with polymer foaming when heated, in particular due to the fact that any supply of air is prevented a.

Further preferred is a variant of a new construction plate, etc. according to claim 6, with covering layers that basically coincide in their materials and / or their properties.

Clause 7 presents the preferred, in particular in the sense of high profitability of manufacturing, a variant of the vertically fibrous layer of the building board.

In pp.8-11 disclosed in the sense of further improving the mechanical strength and resistance to warping, options for a new building board, etc., which have “standing” inside the vertical fiber layer, i.e. "Vertical", increasing the strength of reinforcing or reinforcing slats, which preferably consist of wood, for which, however, in special cases, other materials, such as plastics or metals, may well be used.

With regard to both variants of the building board of claim 8, it should be added that the plates in the first embodiment are primarily intended for the furniture industry and interior decoration, and that the plates in the second embodiment are mainly suitable for supporting structural elements, i.e., for example, for floors and t . P.

In clause 12, a variant of the new construction plate with reinforcing slats, which is particularly preferred for mechanical stability, strength and consistency of shape, is particularly preferred in the framework of the invention.

Paragraphs 13 and 14 disclose the preferred variants of the covering layers and materials preferred for maximum weight reduction for the vertically fibrous layer of the new building board, the new building element, etc.

Clause 15 describes a special version of the vertical fiber layer, preferably formed by separate or with separate vertical fiber bodies, which are connected on the sides of each other with their vertical sides.

In particular, with regard to cost-effective production, it is particularly preferable to use the options of vertical fiber bodies described in paragraphs 16-19 for the formation of a vertically fibrous layer of new building boards, building elements, etc.

As for the side facing, i.e. facing the narrow sides of new building boards or building elements, etc., this is described in detail in paragraph 20.

In paragraph 21, according to another embodiment of the invention, a special, curved or only arcuate, or under certain circumstances, even approximately a dome-shaped building board is shown, which is suitable, for example, for cladding structural elements with correspondingly curvilinear or convex "topography".

The invention is in no way limited to plates and the like. for a variety of purposes, and also aimed at supporting elements, beams, etc. in construction, i.e. for building elements with bearing function, mainly along the lines, which combine the advantages of high mechanical strength with other favorable characteristic properties of wood. P.22 races

- 2 012073 covered particularly preferred in the framework of the invention, a variant of such a carrier element, waist beams, etc. It should be emphasized that here, although only the basic principle of the structure according to the invention is preserved, any kind of implementation of such bearing elements is possible.

Paragraphs 23 and 24 disclose a total of four specifically targeted and fulfilling the set goals of new building plates or building elements, etc., which can be used, on the one hand, as sound-absorbing elements or plates, and, on the other. the parties - as sound-generating, amplifying or resonant elements in the production of sound equipment and musical instruments and further for a completely different purpose, namely for high-strength canvases of burglar-proof doors, etc.

Since the sound-absorbing slabs of claim 23 are installed in residential and working premises, in particular studios, and since wood is the preferred material for them, maximum attention should be paid to fire protection: it was found that the fireproof protective coating of the inner walls of the vertical cavities of the vertical fiber layer polymer, even when the thickness of the plate consisting entirely of wood is only 2 cm and, consequently, its vertical cavities have a depth of only about 1.5 cm, it is quite It is enough to achieve without any problems a fire retardant action, which in any case corresponds to the fire protection class P90 (at least 90 minutes of fire retardant action), and, in most cases, this P90 value is significantly exceeded.

If, for example, in the building, the floors are made in several layers of building plates made exclusively of wood, according to the invention, for example in the form of a sandwich-type construction, then, as the relevant tests have shown, it is enough to place them on the fire-hazardous side, i.e. in the case of overlaps, mostly on the front or bottom side, the newly described main type thin slab with vertical cavities filled with a fire-retarding polymer, which in such a simple way creates a complete fire protection, although the building slabs themselves are in several layers, for example, stacked on each other wood does not have any fire protection coloration, etc. Of course, the fire protection plates provided with the flame retardant polymer can also be located on both sides of the ceiling, as just described.

As for the special variant of the new construction plates described in the second part of paragraph 24, it is particularly suitable for load-bearing floors, floors, wall elements, etc., which require enhanced fire protection. Such plates can be used, for example, in the construction of railways, automobiles, shipbuilding and aircraft construction, as well as for installation in road constructions, such as tunnels, for intrusive door panels, etc.

Item 25 concerns a completely new one, used as an actively heating modular heating wall element, as a ceiling heating element or directly as a heating module or a heating construction element of a variant of a new building board, although it consists mostly of wood or wood material.

Claim 26 relates to particularly preferred in the framework of the invention variants of wall, partitioning elements, floor elements, etc., with high heat and sound insulating effect using building plates, in particular in their basic form.

In the sense of the above reasoning with regard to achieving the highest fire safety, the option of building plates, building elements, etc. according to claim 27 is particularly preferable, and the fire safety parameters required in accordance with fire protection class P90 are always achieved, however, for the most part significantly exceeded, so that any doubts about the base material of wood, which underlies the new building boards or building elements, disappear. As for the flame-resistant and poorly burning wood used in claim 27, the advantage here is that it is sufficient to use fire-protected wood, for example, oak, which may well be of lower quality, for which up to now found use and which is therefore quite available in the purchase.

PP.28 and 29 relate to other, aimed at special types of use in the construction of the preferred options for wall elements, floor elements, etc. using new building boards.

In clause 30, a mechanically particularly stable structural building element is presented, equipped with high-sound and heat insulating properties of building plates.

Objects pp.31 and 32 are, as described above, wall elements or plates or elements or floor slabs, etc., which have a strong connection with the load-bearing concrete, etc., and which can be covered with a layer of plaster in a traditional way or already supplied with finished plaster coating.

Clause 33 concerns the supplied with building plates with the heat and sound insulating action of wall elements, etc., which are ίη 8Йи, i.e. directly, can be used with the possibility of installation at the place of installation or, once already installed, as prefabricated elements.

- 3 012073

The objects of paragraphs 34 and 35 are easy-to-handle, lightweight wall elements, wall plates, etc., which are suitable, in particular, for lightweight buildings built in buildings, for exhibition purposes, fairgrounds, designed for frequent changes. buildings, etc. and the design of the front side or surface of which is formed by traditional means or in a manner known per se.

Pp.36-38 relate to particularly preferred in the framework of the invention, differing cost-effectiveness of methods for manufacturing the two optimal main options for new building boards, namely for particularly preferred in the framework of the invention when they are completely or at least predominantly made of wood. It should be briefly explained here that the methods according to claims 36 and 37, despite the seemingly complicated multi-step process, nevertheless, are distinguished by particularly high production savings, since all stages can be fully automated without any problems, which minimizes personnel costs.

PP.39-46 relate to the most important areas of application of new building boards, building elements, etc., for which they are particularly suitable. However, in no case other or additional areas of application are excluded.

In general, it should be stated that new building boards, building elements, etc. they are distinguished by their low weight with simultaneously high mechanical bending, torsion and compression strength, which is caused, in particular, by the “cross-dressing” of the covering layers and the core layer provided according to the invention, which have a relatively different orientation, in particular a vertical, fiber or fiber orientation, and possible reinforcing slats, and high heat and sound insulating properties, further high profitability, in particular with regard to the (wood) material used for their manufacture, including It is mostly inexpensive, economically useful wood, and especially for the production itself, which can be automated without problems. In terms of profitability, it should further be pointed out that, for example, wood waste arising from milling grooves for vertically fibrous bodies can be used for the production of cladding panels of new building boards or even chipboard, then for direct energy generation by burning, for the production of dry distillation of wood, raw materials for the production of melamine, etc.

In no case should not in the least be said the aspect of high environmental friendliness of new ones, made within the framework of the invention, particularly preferably from natural wood without being treated with chemicals, etc., of building boards that are easily biodegradable, returned to the natural cycle or recycled energy without CO ₂ generation.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which FIG. 1 - in perspective, partially cut construction plate;

FIG. 2 - in perspective, a particularly preferred variant of vertical fiber bodies designed to form a vertical layer;

FIG. 3 - a rail formed by vertically fibrous bodies with reinforcing rods connected to its lateral sides in conjunction with other vertically fibrous bodies;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a grooved bar forming the initial component for the manufacture of vertically fibrous bodies, also in conjunction with other such bars;

FIG. 5-7 - a similar version of the manufacture of new building boards with a different implementation of the vertical fiber layer;

FIG. 8 - in perspective, a wall element provided on both sides with new building plates;

FIG. 9 - a section of a part of the wall being at the production stage, erected on site using new building boards;

FIG. 10 is a schematic of the manufacture at the site of a concrete slab, equipped with new sound- and heat-insulating building slabs in advance, on the principle of stationary formwork;

FIG. 11 and 12 - two partition elements on the basis of a new building plate;

FIG. 13 - three-layer wall element erected with new construction plates in the section; FIG. 14 - in perspective, a construction plate, made in the form of a sound-absorbing plate;

FIG. 15 is a schematic construction plate, made in the form of a heating element;

FIG. 16 and 17 are almost photographic views of two building boards, partially deprived of their face covering layer and made, in general, from wood;

FIG. 18-20 - especially preferred in the framework of the invention, the type of manufacture of a new building plate;

FIG. 21 - one of the possible variants of the beam, made on the same principle as the building board;

FIG. 22 - construction plate arc-curved shape.

Pictured in perspective in FIG. 1 construction plate 1 contains as the main components interconnected by hot melt and the like, the first covering layer 3 with a thickness of άά3, located at a distance from it and parallel to it covering layer 4 with a thickness of άά4 and arranged

- 4 012073 as the core layer between the two covering layers 3, 4 vertically fibrous layer 5, having fibers 50 or fibrousness in the ίν direction perpendicular to the two-dimensional extent of the covering panels 3, 4. This layer 5 is formed here approximately in the shape of a quadra vertical fiber bodies 51 wide b. which are arranged one behind the other in a row with straight-line strips or strips 510 of vertically fibrous bodies and interconnected by their opposite sides of each other 55.

Between adjacent rails 510 directed towards the observer in the embodiment shown here are located adjacent to their vertical longitudinal sides 511, vertically standing reinforcing or reinforcing rails 7 of narrow rectangular cross section with upper and lower narrow sides 72 and vertical lateral surfaces 71 on both sides. these reinforcing or reinforcing rails 7 are made of wood here, and the direction ίΐ of their fiber 70 coincides with the longitudinal length 11 of these reinforcing rails 7.

For the structural strength of the new building plate 1, it is especially favorable and within the framework of the invention it is especially preferable if the fiber 70 of the reinforcing rails 7 passes in the direction, perpendicular to the fibers 30, 40 coinciding with each other or having directions ί63, ί64 parallel to each other, 4 wood, i.e. if there is a “cross” course of fibers 30, 40 covering surfaces 3, 4 relative to fibers 70 of reinforcing slats 7.

Here it should be emphasized that not every rail 510 should be accompanied by a reinforcing rail 7 adjacent to it, and depending on the required strength and rigidity when twisting a new building board in the vertically fibrous layer 5, two or more slats 510 may well be located between them reinforcing bars 7, i.e. with a direct longitudinal fit to each other, so that, for example, only two or more directly adjacent rails 510 are followed by one reinforcing rail 7, and then again two or more directly adjacent rails 510 without intermediate reinforcing rails 7 and etc.

Special mention should be made further of the fact that, in particular, when new building slabs 1 are subjected to relatively small or practically not subjected to any loads, i.e. when they are intended, for example, for heat or sound insulation cladding without a significant supporting function, by itself, in general, reinforcement strips between the slats 510 may not be provided, which, consequently, all these slats 510 with a direct longitudinal fit to each other, without interrupting the reinforcement strips, form a single vertical fiber layer 5. In this case, it is especially favorable if the covering layers 3, 4 are not made of adult wood, but in the form of chipboard homogeneous plates without a pronounced fiber direction, which are made straight and compact and may well have a small thickness, for example 3-5 mm.

In the framework of the invention, in particular for substantially reducing the weight of building plates 1, it is particularly preferable to provide that the vertical fiber layer 5 or the vertical fiber bodies 51 forming it, completely, from the covering panel 3 to the covering panel 4 are penetrated by many parallel to each other and preferably evenly distributed fibers extending in the direction of the 50ν fibers 50 of the vertical fibrous bodies 51, oriented in the vertical direction 1 in the vertical cavities 6, i.e. channels, holes, openings, etc., preferably of a simple section shape O1g, for example, of rectangular, I-shaped or circular section.

Here we should further emphasize that the covering layers 3, 4 do not have to be made of wood or wood materials, for example homogeneous plates, but can be made of a wide variety of materials, for example, reinforced with fibers of the same orientation and / or longitudinally stretched plastics, metals, paper and cardboard, textile fibrous webs, fabrics, films, etc., and that is preferable, however, if these materials mainly have an inherent parallel-fibrous structure, as is particularly preferable observed in wood or, for example, also in highly longitudinally stretched plastics. Further, silicate or carbon fiber fibers of essentially the same orientation or similar reinforced plastics can be used as a material for the covering layers 3, 4.

As for the aforementioned reinforcing strips 7 in the vertical fiber layer 5, the materials forming them are practically the same as what has just been said with regard to the covering surfaces 3, 4; they also preferably have longitudinal fiber or longitudinal fiber reinforcement, as is observed, in particular, in wood.

In the framework of the invention, the vertically fibrous layer 5 is particularly preferably made of ordinary wood or light wood, and for the stability of new building boards it practically does not play a role if this wood has only average quality or in many cases even lower than average, which contributes to a significant reduction in costs new building boards 1 without degrading their quality.

On its sides, the vertically fibrous layer 5 of the new construction plate 1 is closed to the outside in the preferred manner by the side strips 2 and the like.

FIG. 2 with the same reference position depicts one of the generators in the set of

- 5 012073 Brazil in FIG. 1 is a vertical fibrous layer 5, interconnected vertically fibrous bodies 51. It mainly has the shape of a square with the width L. Height Ш <body 51, depending on the desired total thickness of the building board 1 is variable. The vertical fiber body 51 has approximately a comb-shaped section with the base 53 and vertically spaced from it, freely ending, here the same shape is the toothed extensions 52 with the end surfaces 521. Between the toothed extensions 52 are also made the same between them the shape of the slot or the gaps 54, which form vertical cavities 6 in the vertical fiber layer

5. The base 53 of the ridge has a width bj, gear extension 52 - width bx. and the gaps 54 between them are the width of Lg. If necessary, the named widths bj, bx, bj can be the same. The total cross-sectional area of wood pulp of a vertically fibrous body 51 is designated From. The width of the rails 510 is designated here as L1 and is equal to the width Lu of the vertical fiber body 51 in FIG. one.

FIG. 3 with the same reference numbers in conjunction with other similar laths 510 depicts the lath 510 with its vertical lateral sides 511, formed by several comb-shaped vertical fibrous bodies 51, glued together by the end surfaces 521 of their teeth and their bases 53. The rake 510, with If necessary, with an intermediate reinforcing or reinforcing rail 7, it is connected on both sides with the same rail 510, and together they form a vertically fibrous layer 5 of a new building plate 1.

By combining the vertically-fibrous bodies 51 into the rail 510, the gaps 54 between the teeth shown in FIG. 2 vertical fibrous bodies 51 form vertical cavities 6 here of oblong-rectangular shape. The ratio of their long side to their wide side is, for example, in extreme cases 1: 10-1: 1, and preferably 2: 3-3: 4.

As for the method of manufacturing the vertically fibrous layer 5 of the new building boards 1 or the vertically fibrous bodies 51 intended for its formation, which is particularly preferable in the framework of the invention and which is highly profitable, more detailed information about this with the same reference numbers in conjunction with FIG. 2 and 3 gives FIG. four.

FIG. 4 depicts several located one on top of each other, interconnected in the body 580, lying adjacent to each other by the upper and lower sides, passing along the timber bars 58, each of which is in accordance with the sectional shape of the one depicted in FIG. 2 separate vertical fibers 51 already in advance at the first stage I (not shown) are milled parallel to each other longitudinal grooves 60.

Through the cuts 3, extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal length 1b of the cut-through bars 58, with equal intervals а§ from each other, corresponding to the desired thickness of the vertical fiber layer 5, in the second stage II, they are first provided with grooves 60 bars 58 into separate strips 510, as they are, although and temporarily in a different position, depicted in FIG. 3

When moving from the second stage II to the third stage III of the manufacturing process, these slats 510 are rotated 90 ° to the position in FIG. 3 and in a plurality are arranged in a row one to another. Together with the reinforcing rails 7 located between the sides between them, the rails 510, adjacent to each other from the sides on both sides, are interconnected with glue, and they form a vertically fibrous layer 5. After glueing the underside of them with the bottom side, the combined 5 rails 510 lay on the lower covering layer 4 of wood and connect with it.

Especially effective if reinforcing strips are to be provided in the vertically fibrous layer 5, is an operation in which, prior to dividing the batten body 580, on strips 510, a plank with vertical fiber is glued to it from the front side on the front side. At the expense of the cuts 3, also in the vertical direction, the slats 510 are obtained, which at least on one side are connected to the reinforcing rail that occurs with them due to the cut 3.

Finally, at stage IV, on the other side of the upper side of the vertically fibrous layer 5, the upper covering layer 3 is applied after glueing the upper side, after which all the above-mentioned components are applied with pressure and, if necessary, are heated in a building slab 1.

Another type of manufacture of a new vertical fiber layer 5 with the same reference numerals is shown in FIG. 5-7.

In the first stage, as in FIG. 3 and 4, in passing along the slats, boards, parallel bars 58, etc. parallel to each other grooves 60, which are made in this way, are parallel to the longitudinal extent and fibrousness, thus obtained slitted bars 58, as shown in FIG. 6, stick together side by side, i.e. not on top of each other, but rather on each other, so that their grooves 60 are open in one direction - in FIG. 6 up. Then onto loosely extending upwardly, toothed extensions 52 or to their ends 521, on occasion, glue the open slab 60 located next to each other of the slitted bars 58 next to each other with a fibrous wooden plate perpendicular to the direction of the grooves 60, from which, in conclusion, would arise, as already said, reinforcing bars 7, indicated in FIG. 7 broken lines.

FIG. 6, this does not occur, however, in interconnected side-by-side cut-through bars 58, forming together, basically, a board-like rack-like body 580, by means of symbolically

- 6 012073 indicated in FIG. 6 saw blades perpendicular to the direction of the grooves 60 perform the slots 8 and, thus, the pinion body 580 is divided into separate slats 510.

Then, as indicated by the arrow between FIG. 6 and 7, rotate 90 ° of the rails 510, which are adjoined to each other, are placed on the first covering layer 4, namely, so that they adjoin each other in this order: toothed continuation 52 of the rail 510 / base 53 of the adjacent rail 510 and at the same time the vertical fiber layer 5 is joined with the lower covering layer 4. Finally, the vertical fiber layer 5 is smeared on the upper side with glue, the second is applied on it, i.e. here the top covering layer 3 is connected to it, usually by means of a hot press under pressure.

FIG. 8 with the same reference numerals in perspective shows the formation of a wall element 9 with two limiting it and serving as facing, in particular heat-insulating, plates, as described above with building plates 1, 1 '.

Both construction plates 1, 1 'are located at a distance from each other in a stabilized position, with the gap 90 between them being measured by uniformly distributed, overlapping it and adjacent mainly from the inside to the building slabs 1, 1 'spacer-holding elements 91, which are formed here by pipe segments, for example, from plastic. In the interval 90 is placed reinforcing bars 92.

On the inner side, the construction plates 1, 1 'can be provided with a water-repellent, but preferably vapor-permeable, layer 19, which improves adhesion, for example, based on epoxy resin with sandy dressing.

The gap 90 between the two building plates 1, 1 'is then filled with lightweight concrete 95, and pouring the remaining 91 free spacer-holding pipes 91 and the connection of concrete 95 with the building plates 1, 1', forming, so to speak, "stationary formwork".

After hardening of concrete 9, a wall or similar prefabricated wall element 9 supplied with both heat and sound protection cladding plates 1, 1 ′ is obtained. On the outside of the plate 1, 1 ′, plaster base 181, for example, or finished plaster 18.

The formation of spacer-holding elements 91 in the form of empty pipe sections inside has the advantage that there the vapor diffusion can occur across the wall 9. Any other type of spacer elements 91 can also be used.

FIG. 9 with the same reference numerals schematically depicts the actual process of erecting directly at the site corresponding to that shown in FIG. 6 wall element wall or part 9 'of the wall. It can be seen that both construction plates 1, 1 ', which first serve as shuttering plates and then form the facing part of the wall, are kept from the outside in their position from deformation, in particular buckling, by means of retaining bars 901, 902, etc. and passing through the threaded rods 903 with wing nuts 904, before the filling of the reinforcing rods 92 of the gap 90 between the plates 1, 1 'of concrete 95 occurs.

FIG. 10 with the same reference numerals schematically depicts the manufacture of the overlap 9, in which the overlap 9 is poured with concrete 95 onto the “stationary formwork” formed by the plates 1 and supported on the threaded supports 905 and the retaining bars 901 901, 905 remove and get ready concrete overlap 9, provided on the ceiling with soundproofing or acoustic cladding.

FIG. 11 with the same reference numerals depicts another wall element 9 'formed by a building board 1 and standard gypsum board 190 connected to it on both sides.

Instead of drywall plates 190, highly heat-resistant, fire-resistant mineral wool plates can be located, and thus a wall can be erected with a fire-retarding action according to fire protection class P90.

In FIG. 12 with the same reference numerals of an even simpler construction plate 1, used directly as such, for example as a partitioning element 9 ^ν , both covering layers 3, 4 are themselves formed by gypsum boards 190, etc.

FIG. 13 with the same reference numbers depicts a building block formed by three parallel, spaced apart building blocks 1, 1 ', 1 wall element 9 ^ν , in which in both gaps 90 between each two plates 1, 1', 1 there are spacer elements 91 , for example, of several interconnected, respectively, simpler, made vertically fibrous bodies 51, principally depicted in FIG. 1 and 2.

FIG. 14 with the same reference numerals depicts a building plate 1 made as an acoustic or sound-absorbing cladding plate for acoustically neutral premises, which differs from that shown, for example, in FIG. 1 of the construction plate 1, primarily due to the fact that the covering layer 4 facing the sound source has passing through it, here there are oval sound-absorbing holes 41, which give the sound access to the visible

- 7 012073 due to the holes 41 of the vertically fibrous layer 5 with vertical cavities 6, serving here as liquidating sound energy due to multiple reflection of sound-absorbing cavities.

FIG. 15 with the same reference numerals schematically depicts a variant of a new construction plate 1, made and used as a modular heating element 9 or directly as a radiator, etc.

Here, in the grooves 75, respectively, of a large cross section, copper heating pipes 76 or plastic heating hoses through which coolant flows, such as hot water, are laid on the upper side of the correspondingly wide reinforcing rails 7 of the vertically fibrous layer 5. By means of electric heating elements, the coolant is heated to the desired inlet temperature, and through an electric pump is forced to circulate through the heating pipes 76.

A building plate made in a similar way for heating purposes alone or together with other similar heating building plates 9 can form a furnace of arbitrary shape and, for example, with a tiled outer facing that is made either “autarkic” and mobile and requires only an appropriate connection to the current source , cable with connector, etc. or connected by means of pipes or hoses to a wall heater with the possibility of supplying coolant from it.

Basically, similar to the described heating building plates 9, when supplying heat through a more heated heat carrier or electric heaters, highly heat-insulated heating plates for hot presses can be made in the back side direction, which can be used, for example, for veneering presses in the woodworking and furniture industry.

FIG. 16 and 17 with the same reference numerals are shown by the type of photographs, one-on-one images of building plates 1, partially deprived of their upper covering layer 3 and revealing the view on the vertically fibrous layer 5.

In the embodiment of FIG. 16 vertically fibrous bodies 51 are made of elongated, interconnected separate elements with 6 ϋ -shaped cross section 011 made of vertical cavities in them, with each two rows of these separate elements being combined and between the two elements located here "symmetrically" to each other placed between .. -O precision rail 7.

In the embodiment of FIG. 17, vertically fibrous bodies 51 of approximately “double-ridge section”, made with protruding “teeth” and having rectangular section 011 in both directions with vertical cavities 6, form a vertically fibrous layer 5. Here between these vertically fibrous bodies 51 across the reinforcing slats 7 are placed also “vertical fiber O intermediate slats” 7.

FIG. 18-20 with the same reference position is schematically explained particularly preferred, including for production and economic reasons, the manufacture of the preferred version of the new building slab 1.

The basis of the vertically fibrous layer 5 of the new construction plate 1 shown here is the preferred method, as shown in FIG. 18, elongated planks 58 ′, in which, in the direction of the fibrousness 55 ′ of wood, grooves 60 ′ of the same groove equal to one another, here approximately square, are milled.

Several such boards 58 ', adjacent to each other "side by side" with their longitudinal sides 55', are placed on the thin-layer slatted panel 700 with the first partial layer Tb1 (Fig. 19), intended for the formation of reinforcing rails 7 of the construction plate 1, the expense of the corresponding adhesive application provides a longitudinal lateral connection of the boards 58 'to each other and their planar connection with the lath panel 700.

With the first partial layer Tb1 of the cut-through boards 58 ', the second same partial layer Tb2 of the cut-through boards 58' is connected, however, the sides 55 'of the boards 58' of the second partial layer Tb2 are laterally offset from the sides 55 'of the boards 58' of the first partial layer TH1.

A third partial layer Tb3 of the boards 58 'is connected to the second partial layer TH2, and with them a similar rack panel 700 similar to that of the lower lath panel 700 with the same fiber direction.

The result is a sandwich plate 580 ', which for the formation of vertical fiber rails 510' with reinforcing half-rails 7 'arranged on the sides with the help of the symbolically designated saw blade is divided by cuts 8 parallel to each other, extending perpendicularly to the direction of the grooves 60', as well as longitudinal the length and fiber of the boards 58 'in the partial layers TH1, TH2 and TH3 and in the direction of the fiber of the strip panels 700 with equal intervals ag from each other.

After a corresponding 90 ° rotation of the obtained "three-layered" vertical fiber rails 510, they, along with reinforcing (semi) rails 7 'and with fitting to each other, are laid on the bottom

- 8 0202,073 covering layer 4, and at the same time adhesive bonding with it of vertical fiber rails 510 and reinforcing (floor) rails 7 'with the formation of reinforcing rails 7.

Finally, planar connection of the second covering layer 3 with the core or vertical fiber layer 5 formed by the vertical fiber strips 510 is carried out in the building board 1.

FIG. 21 with the same reference numerals depicts the preferred version of the carrier or belt element 1 ^x , performed according to the same principles as the construction plate described. Between the two side covering layers 3, 4, each of which is formed here by at least two layers of wood with mutually oriented fiber, just like the construction plate 1, a vertical fiber layer 5 consisting of vertical fiber battens 510 is formed, and here reinforcing rail 7 is not located behind each vertical fiber rail 510, but only every second. The direction of its fiber is perpendicular to both the direction of the fiber of the vertically fibrous layer 5 and the direction of the fiber of one of the two layers of each covering layer 3, 4.

The new bearing element 1 ^x differs from the described “ordinary” construction plate 1 in that it has a longitudinal length prevailing in one direction and that its load, voltage, etc. arises mainly not in the direction of the fibrousness of the vertically fibrous layer 5, but approximately perpendicular to it.

FIG. 22 schematically depicts an arcuately curved version of a new construction plate 1. Here the vertical fiber slats 510 are located next to each other along the generatrix of the lower covering layer 4, curved convex upward along the side surface of the cylinder, touching each other with their lower longitudinal edges.

Due to the convex curvature of the support surface that this covering layer 4 forms, passing between the vertical fiber strips 510 along them, extending at the top, approximately wedge-shaped or triangular longitudinal gaps 560, which, however, unexpectedly turned out to have no negative effect on mechanical and other properties of the new curved building board 1, while the angle of their wedge is up to about 5 °. At the top of the vertically fibrous layer 5 is closed connected with it, respectively, arcuately curved second covering layer 3.

This curved version allows you to significantly expand the range of application of the new construction plate 1 due to the fact that it can be particularly well adapted to detailed architectural solutions.

Claims (46)

CLAIM 1. Building plate or building element, in particular structural, wall, facing, bearing element, etc. multi-layer structure, mainly based on wood or wood materials, which / which is formed / formed by at least three interconnected with material closure layers, panels, films, etc., in particular, two spaced apart from each other and parallel to each other to a friend with a covering layer and at least one core layer located between them and a core layer connected to them, characterized by the fact that between two, if necessary, multi-layer covering layers (3, 4), each which consists of a surface, mostly compact, multilayer, panel or film material, in particular from the group: wood, wood materials such as laminated wood, plywood, chipboard material, metals, textile and fibrous materials, cardboard, paper, plastics , red tape, mineral-based construction materials, stone, artificial stone, as well as composite materials of two or more of these materials, a vertically fibrous layer is placed as the core layer (5) from a material, in particular wood, containing vertical fibers (50), vertical filaments, etc., basically of the same vertical orientation (ίν) or formed by or having such fibrous structure or fibrous structure, and vertical fibers (50) or the vertical fiber of the vertically fibrous layer (5), predominantly of the wood vertical fiber layer, is oriented / oriented mainly perpendicular or at right angles to the main extent (eb) of both covering layers (3, 4); It is preferable that the vertical fiber layer (5), predominantly woody vertical fiber layer, is provided with a plurality of vertical cavities completely passing through it, recesses, milled or drilled holes, etc., which mostly coincide with the vertical orientation ( ίν) vertical fibers (50) or vertical fibers forming this layer (5) of the material, mainly wood, or have a vertical orientation parallel to it and to each other ()ιν). 2. Plate or element, etc. According to claim 1, characterized / characterized in that the vertical cavities (6) in the vertical fiber layer (5) have a cross section (011) of the same area and / or geometric shape. - 9 012073 3. Plate or element, etc. According to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vertical cavities (6) within the vertical fiber layer (5) or in the vertical fiber bodies forming it (51) are distributed in the form of a matrix or mesh and preferably evenly. 4. Plate or element, etc. According to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized / characterized in that the ratio of the aggregate of cross-sectional areas (011) of the vertical cavities (6) in the vertically fibrous layer (5) to the aggregate of the area (squares) of the cross-section (From) of the vertically fibrous forming it material, mainly wood, is 5: 1-1: 5, mainly 2: 1-1: 2. 5. Plate or element, etc. According to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the inner walls and preferably also the base of the vertical cavities (6) of the vertically fibrous layer (5) are covered with the thermal cavity that expands when exposed to heat in the event of a fire and fills the vertical cavities (6) fire protection or flame retardant polymer mass, for example, based on silicates containing structural water. 6. Plate or element, etc. According to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the covering layers (3, 4) consist of the same materials, mainly of the same wood, and / or materials of the same thickness (663, 664), or the covering layers (3 , 4) consist of different materials, in particular, different types of wood, and / or materials of different thickness (663, 664), however, mainly with the same physical, if necessary, the same behavior depending on the direction, etc. with changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in temperature, humidity, etc. P. 7. Plate or element, etc. According to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized / characterized in that the vertically fibrous layer (5) is made of a plurality of vertically fibrous bodies (51), mainly of wood, which are located with each other adhering to each other at least two vertical the side surfaces (55), which coincide with the vertical orientation (ίν) of its vertical fibers (50) or vertical fibrousness, are interconnected mainly with the material closure. 8. Plate or element, etc. According to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized / characterized in that the vertical fibrous bodies (51) made with vertical cavities (6) in the vertical fibrous layer (5) are made in the form of one after another in a row linearly straight, having predominantly the same width φν) of the rails or strips (510), which either directly longitudinally abut each other, or are predominantly interconnected, and in this case it is preferable if both covering layers (3, 4) consist of compact chipboard or wood-like pl t without a pronounced direction of fiber or between such adjacent racks (510) there are reinforcing or reinforcing rails (7) parallel to each other, adjacent to their vertical longitudinal side surfaces (511) facing each other, mainly connected to them, and in this latter case, it is preferable if both covering layers (3, 4) consist of wood, the fiber or fiber of which is oriented / oriented parallel to each other, however, perpendicular to the direction of fiber ( 70), passing in the longitudinal direction (11) of reinforcing bars (7). 9. Plate or element, etc. According to one of the paragraphs.1-8, characterized / characterized in that the reinforcing or reinforcing bars (7) have an oblong-rectangular cross-section, and if they have, basically, the same nature of changing properties as the environmental conditions change in the direction perpendicular the main length (e6) of the covering surfaces (3, 4), like the slats (510) or the vertically fibrous layer formed by them (5), are connected by their upper and lower narrow side surfaces (72) with material closure to the covering layers (3, 4 ). 10. Plate or element, etc. According to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized / characterized in that the reinforcing or reinforcing bars (7) have an oblong-rectangular cross section, and if they are in a direction perpendicular to the main extension (e6) of the covering surfaces (3, 4) or their fibrous properties (70) have a different physical nature of changes in properties when environmental conditions change than the vertical fiber bodies (51) or slats (510) or the vertical fiber layer formed by them (5), they adjoin with their longitudinal side surfaces (71), on both sides to the rails (510 ) and are mainly connected to them, however, with their two narrow side surfaces (72) they do not fit inside the covering surfaces (3, 4) and are not connected to them, and their narrow side surfaces (72) are separated from each other by a distance corresponds to the degree of lateral with respect to the expansion fibers, etc., of the named slats (7) arising when the surrounding conditions change. 11. Plate or element, etc. according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized / characterized in that the reinforcing or reinforcing slats (7) are made of a material having fibers (70) or fibrousness, mainly of the same orientation ( ίΐ) in the direction (11) of the longitudinal length of the rails, mainly from wood with the said orientation of its fibrousness, which is perpendicular to the direction of the fibers or the fibrousness of the vertically fibrous layer (5). 12. Plate or element, etc. According to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the preferred case, if both covering layers (3, 4) are made mainly with the same or pa - 10 012073 parallel to each other orientation (£ 63, £ 64) of fibers (30, 40) or the fibrousness of the material forming them, mainly wood, called in pp.8-11 reinforcing or reinforcing bars (7) are located in a vertical fiber layer ( 5) in the direction (11) of its longitudinal extent so that the fibers (70) or the fibrousness of the material forming them, mainly wood, pass / pass, generally perpendicular to the orientation (£ 63, £ 64) of the fibers (30, 40) or fibrousness both covering layers (3, 4). 13. Plate or element, etc. according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized / characterized in that both covering layers (3, 4) are made mainly with the same orientation or parallel to each other (£ 63, £ 64) fibers (30, 40) or fibrous material forming them, mainly wood. 14. Plate or element, etc. according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the vertical fibrous layer (5) or the vertical fibrous bodies forming it (51) or slats (510) are made / made from conventional wood, such as oak, similar wood of lower quality or light wood, such as balsa and okume, with a density in the range of 0.1-0.8 g / m ³ . 15. Plate or element, etc. according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized / characterized in that the vertical fiber bodies (51) forming the vertically fibrous layer are made of the same size and / or shape from the same materials in particular equivalent wood or wood of the same quality. 16. Plate or element, etc. According to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterized / characterized in that the vertically fibrous layer (5) is formed by its vertical side surfaces adjacent to each other (550, in particular interconnected vertically fibrous bodies (51), mainly a comb-shaped cross-section with a base (53) and spaced from it, preferably at a right angle, toothed extensions (52), and the gaps (54) between them form vertical cavities (6) of the vertical fiber layer (5). 17. Plate or element, etc. according to claim 16, characterized / characterized in that the gaps (54) between the teeth of the vertically fibrous bodies (51) are made in the form of parallel to each other, formed mainly by milling grooves, grooves, etc., having mostly the same, mainly depth, size, or width, or area, and / or shape of the section. 18. Plate or element, etc. According to claim 16 or 17, characterized / characterized in that the gaps (54) between the teeth of the vertical fiber bodies (51) or the vertical cavities (6) of the vertical fiber layer (5) have a generally oblong rectangular cross-sectional shape, if necessary rounded base, and the length of the rectangle in relation to the width is 5: 1-1: 1, mostly 5: 2-4: 3. 19. Plate or element, etc. According to one of claims 16-18, characterized in that, in the case of approximately comb-shaped form, the cross section of vertical fibrous bodies (51) width (bg) of the gaps (54) between the teeth is from half to double the width (bx. b) the toothed extensions (52) and / or the ridge base (53), however, the predominantly named widths (Lg, Lx, LL) are basically the same. 20. Plate or element, etc. According to one of the claims 1-19, characterized in that she / he on at least two opposite to each other, mainly on all narrow, lateral sides are closed with closing strips (2), mainly of wood. 21. Plate or element, etc. According to one of the claims 1 to 20, characterized in that she / he is made / made curved / convex, and the vertical-fibrous bodies (51) located on one another or more than one layer on top of each other or the rails formed by them (510) and the lower sides are connected with the first or lower curved covering layer (4) and with the second or upper covering layer (3), and the vertically fibrous bodies (51) or slats (510) adjacent to each other with a convex in the direction of bending or convexity of the first covering layer (4) by its adjacent snoring layer (4) with lower longitudinal edges immediately adjacent or adjacent to each other and pass in the direction of the second or upper covering layer (3), diverging at an acute angle, and between them are formed wedge-shaped, elongated hollowed out in the direction of the second upper covering layer (3) spaces or gaps. 22. Element, in particular a beam, timber, belt, etc. for light structures according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that it, in particular a beam (1 ^x ), has basically the same basic structure with covering layers (3, 4) and located between them, if necessary In several layers there is a vertically fibrous layer (5) with vertical cavities (6) as the building boards (1), and it is preferable that each of the covering layers (3, 4) is formed by at least two planarly interconnected layers of wood, at least one of which is made with the orientation of the fibers forming it wood in the direction of the longitudinal length of the beam (1 ^x ), etc., and the other with the orientation of the fibers of the wood forming it in the direction transversely or perpendicular to the longitudinal length of the beam (1 ^x ), etc., and further preferably it is provided that -fibrous layer (5) is formed by passing, mainly perpendicular to the longitudinal length of the beam (1 ^x ) with laths (50) of vertically fibrous bodies, and between each of these - 11 012073 strips (50) or between at least two layers of double or more slats, formed arranged on top of each other with similar slats (50) attached to each other, extending from the covering layer (3) to the covering layer (4) or reinforcing rail with fiber in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal length of the beam (1 ^x ). 23. Plate or element, etc. According to one of the claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it is made in the form of a sound-absorbing or acoustic plate, mainly of wood, and in the direction of the sound source, basically either does not contain any covering plate or its facing to the sound source the covering layer (4) is made with passing through it, arranged and molded in accordance with the desired design sound-transmitting holes (41), and the vertically fibrous layer (5) and its vertical cavities (6) are directly accessible to sound through these rstiya (41), and for safety, it is preferable if the inner walls of the vertical cavities are covered with expanding or intumescent when exposed to heat in case of fire, fire-resistant polymeric mass, or the building board (1) is made in the form of an oscillatory-resonant plate devices, in particular, speakers, musical instruments, etc., and, if necessary, one of its covering surfaces (3, 4) is made with sound-reflecting holes, and the vert The fibrous layer (5) and its vertical cavities (6) exert a sound-reflecting effect through these openings. 24. Plate or element, etc. According to one of the claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it is made in the form of a safety building plate, for example in the form of a door leaf, with two covering layers (3, 4), for example of wood, or, in particular, of wood material, but predominantly available, spaced apart from each other in a vertically fibrous layer made predominantly of wood and reinforcing or reinforcing strips parallel to each other (7) consist of metal, predominantly steel, and / or at least one from covering with Loy (3, 4) of wood from the outside is glued metal plate, foil, etc., while instead of the covering layers (3, 4) of wood directly connected to the vertical fiber layer (5) is a metal plate, foil and t ., and it is preferable that the connection of a metal plate, foil, etc. carried out by means of glue, expanding or intumesta when exposed to heat in case of fire. 25. Plate or element, etc. According to one of the claims 1 to 20, characterized / characterized in that it is made in the form of a heating element insulated from the back side (9 ^{Υ [} ) with heating pipes (76), hoses, elements, etc. through which coolant flows and which are stacked on one side into the heating grooves (75) made in the vertically fibrous layer (5) of wood, mainly in its reinforcing-reinforcing rails (7) and extending along them, with the grooves (75) and heating elements laid in them pipes (76), etc. closed outside the covering layers (3, 4). 26. Building plate, building element, etc., in particular a wall element or wall plate, a partition element or a partition plate or a floor element or plate with high heat, sound and noise insulation effect for new construction, finishing and reconstruction of buildings, premises, etc., characterized by the fact that she / he is formed / formed by at least two spaced apart by means of spacer-holding bodies (91), mainly of wood, arranged parallel to each other to a friend, connected by them among themselves and, basically, building plates (1, 1 ') in their basic construction according to one of claims 1 to 23, mainly such building plates (1, 1'), both covering layers ( 3, 4) which consist of wood, laminated wood, plywood, chipboard material, etc., and their vertically fibrous layer (5) also consists of wood, or it is formed / formed by at least two directly joined between their main surfaces, preferably through Ohm planar gluing, basically, building boards (1, 1 ') coinciding with each other in their basic construction according to one of claims 1 to 20, mainly such building plates (1, 1'), both covering layers (3, 4) which consist of wood, laminated wood, plywood, chipboard material, etc., and their vertically fibrous layer (5) also consists of wood. 27. Plate or element, etc. According to one of the claims 1 to 26, characterized in that she / he is made / made with preferably having a bearing capacity building plate (1) or with more than one such building plates (1) which are plane-connected with each other according to one of Claims 1-20, with which, in order to achieve maximum fire safety, at least on one side there is connected a fire-proofing plate (1) made in a similar way with two covering layers (3, 4) and located between them, preferably made of rub non-flammable and poorly burning wood, such as oak, with a vertical fiber layer (5) with vertical cavities (6) of lesser thickness, in particular 2-5 cm, with the inner walls and, if necessary, also the base of the vertical cavities (6) of the vertical fiber layer ( 5) covered with expanding or intumescent when exposed to heat in case of fire - 12 012073 rose protective polymer mass. 28. A slab, an element, etc., in particular a wall element or wall plate, a partition element or a partition plate or an element or floor slab according to claim 27, characterized / characterized in that it / it is made / made with three held at a distance from each other by means of spacer-holding bodies (91), made and, at least, in principle, located mainly in accordance with claim 27 with building plates (1, 1 ') in accordance with one of claims 1 to 20. 29. A plate, element, etc., in particular a wall element or wall plate, a partition element or a partition plate or an element or floor slab according to claim 28, characterized in that the spacer-holding bodies (91) are empty the spaces or spaces (90) between the building plates (1, 1 ') are formed by one or several interconnected, having vertical cavities (6) and vertical fibers (50) or vertical fiber, vertical fibrous bodies (51), mainly of wood, and arranged so that x stringiness extends essentially at right angles to the main extension building boards (1, 1 '). 30. A slab, element, etc., in particular a wall element or wall plate, a partition element or a partition plate or an element or floor slab, with high heat, sound and noise insulation effect for new construction, decoration and reconstruction of buildings, premises etc., different / characterized in that she / he is formed / formed by at least two spaced apart by means of spacer-holding bodies (91), mainly of wood, arranged parallel to each other, connected by them I am waiting for myself and, basically, building plates (1, 1 ') coinciding with each other in their basic construction according to one of claims 1 to 20, mainly with such building plates (1, 1'), both covering layers (3, 4) which consist of wood, laminated wood, plywood, chipboard material, etc., and their vertically fibrous layer (5) also consists of wood, and the spacer-holding bodies (91) are formed having an open porous structure or free cavities bodies, in particular mineral-based foam or porous bodies or plastic or predominantly oriented transversely to the main direction (eb) of the covering layers (3, 4) pipe segments, and equipped, if necessary, with steel reinforcement (92), the gap (90) between the building plates (1, 1 ') is filled with a hardening or hardened binder on mineral base, in particular concrete, light concrete or porous concrete (95), etc. 31. The plate or element according to Claim 30, characterized in that the surfaces of their covering layers (3, 4) facing the gap (90) between the building plates (1, 1 ') and the sanding layer , film, mesh, etc. for the adhesive compound placed in the gap (90) of the binder, concrete, lightweight concrete, etc. with building plates (1, 1 '). 32. Plate or element (9) in one of the paragraphs.26-31, characterized / characterized in that at least one of the covering layers (3, 4) of the building boards (1, 1 ') in one of the claims 1- 21 is provided from the outside with a repulsive, at least moisture, however, providing a layer with diffusion of steam, film, mesh (181), etc. as a substrate for plaster, in particular on the basis of plastic, for example, epoxy glue, with grip-enhancing sanding, etc. 33. Slab or element in one of the paragraphs.26-30, characterized by the fact that she / he is made / manufactured directly on the construction site or at the place of installation in the form of a wall, partition or ceiling due to the fact that both building boards (1 , 1 ') in one of the paragraphs.1-21 are positioned as interconnected and spaced apart from each other by means of spacers (91) of the formwork plates of the "stationary formwork" with steel reinforcement placed in the gap (90) between them (92 ), the gap (90) is filled with concrete, light bet one (95), etc., and at least one of the building boards (1, 1 ') can be supplied or has already been supplied from the outside with a layer (18) of plaster and decorative plaster. 34. A construction plate or building element, etc., in particular a wall element or wall plate, a partition wall or a partition wall or an element or slab (9 '), characterized by the fact that she / he is formed / formed by a building plate (1) in one of claims 1 to 21 on at least one covering layer, preferably on both covering layers (3, 4), an (inner) finishing layer (190) is preferably formed on the outside, connected with at least one light layer a building slab with sary, pozharozaderzhivayuschimi and / or moisture and water repellent properties, in particular plasterboards or moisture- or fire-resistant mineral plate. 35. A construction plate or building element, etc., in particular a wall element or wall plate, a partition element or a partition wall or an element or floor plate, characterized / characterized in that it / he is formed / formed by a building plate (1) according to One of the PP.1-21, (inner) finishing layer (190) of which is provided from the outside with a base (181) for plaster or with a finished layer (18) containing plaster containing it. 36. A method of manufacturing a building plate or building element, etc. in one of the PP.1- 13 012073 21, characterized in that at the first stage, in along bars (58), boards, etc., passing along from wood or light wood, longitudinal grooves (60) parallel to each other, corresponding mainly to the comb-shaped form of a section of vertical fiber bodies (51) with vertical cavities passing through them (6), intended for their formation and passing in the direction of fiber, and obtained, are made; thus, cut through bars (58) and the like. arranged in this order or sequence with adherence to each other: the toothed continuation (52) / crossbar (53) of the ridge or the longitudinal side to the longitudinal side and with the formation of plates (580) of vertical fiber bodies are interconnected with a material closure; in the second stage, the plates (580) thus obtained, by means of cuts (8), evenly spaced from each other in accordance with the desired thickness of the vertically fibrous layer (5) and transversely extending the longitudinal grooves (60), are divided into several slats ( 510) from vertically fibrous bodies with vertical cavities (6) open in one direction or gaps (54) between the teeth; in the third stage, the slats (510), if necessary or optionally, after placing between them reinforcing or reinforcing slats (7) are rotated by 90 °, applied to each other either by their longitudinal sides (511), or by bases (52) of toothed extensions between themselves after applying the adhesive, put on the first covering layer (4) and connect with it so that the vertical cavities (6) and vertical fibers (50) are oriented mainly perpendicular to the length (eb) of this covering plate (4); in the fourth stage, the vertical-fibrous layer (5) is still open in one direction, for example, also with the cavities still open (6), after applying the adhesive, the covering layer (3) and connected to the vertical-fibrous layer (5). 37. A method of manufacturing a building plate or building element, etc. According to one of paragraphs.121, characterized in that at the first stage in passing along the boards (58 '), bars, etc. from wood or light wood, parallel longitudinal grooves (60 ') parallel to each other, corresponding mainly to the comb-shaped form, are sections of vertical fibrous bodies (51) with vertical cavities (6) passing through them, intended for their formation and extending in the direction of fiber; at the second stage, boards equipped with longitudinal grooves (60 ') (58'), etc. with longitudinal sides adjoining each other along their side surfaces (55 ') with the formation of a layer or the first partial layer (TH1), they are not cut through or cut through the main surfaces on a rack (700) intended for the formation of reinforcing slats (7), mainly from wood, connecting with it with material closure and connecting them with each other from the sides; at least at one optional intermediate stage, at least one second partial layer (TL2) is also placed adjacent to each other along its side surfaces (55 ') of the longitudinal sides of the cut boards (on the first partial layer (TH1) of the cut boards (58')) 58 '), etc. with the mutual displacement of these surfaces (55 ') and connected with the first partial layer (T1); in the third stage, the third partial layer (Tb3), as the last layer, connected to the previous partial layer (Tb2) also with lateral displacement, adds an additional rack layer (700 ′), which is similar to the rack layer (700), and is combined with the last partial layer ( Tb3); in the fourth stage, the formed plate-like initial body (580 ') by means of spaced apart from each other with equal intervals (а§), passing mainly perpendicular to the longitudinal grooves (60') and the fibrousness of the partial layers (Tb1, Thb2, Tb3) or forming them slotted boards (58 '), etc. cuts (8) are divided into several strips (510 ') of vertically fibrous bodies, closed on both sides with reinforcing strips (7'); in the fifth stage, these slats (510 '), after applying the adhesive, fit snugly to each other or in that order or sequence: the toothed continuation (54) / base (53) is placed on the covering layer (4) and connected to it so that vertical cavities (6) are oriented generally perpendicular to the extent (eb) of this covering plate (4); at the sixth stage, the vertically fibrous layer (5) still open upward is laid after the application of glue, the covering layer (3) and is combined with the vertically fibrous layer (5). 38. The method according to claim 37, wherein the batten layers (700) are used with the same or parallel fibrousness, extending mainly perpendicular to the fibrousness of the boards (58 ') provided with grooves (60'). 39. The use of building boards or building elements, etc. according to one of claims 1 to 21 or directly in the form of light, separating and, if necessary, supporting elements, in particular in the form of walls, partitions, (intermediate) floors, (intermediate) floors, etc., for new construction, reconstruction and finishing, if necessary, of mobile structures, in particular prefabricated buildings, or in the form of facing slabs, etc., used, if necessary, in the form of “stationary formwork”, in particular in the form of heat and sound insulating slabs, for structures and con - 14 012073 structures constructions. 40. The use of building boards or building elements, etc. according to one of claims 1 to 21 for finishing buildings, building parts and premises, attics, basements of buildings with heat and sound insulation cladding. 41. The use of building boards or building elements, etc. According to one of claims 1 to 21, provided that they are made with a vertically fibrous layer (5), the vertical cavities (6) of which are covered with an expanding or intumescent when exposed to heat in case of a fire with a fire-resistant or fire-retaining mass, and / or at least on one side of the fire-resistant mineral plate connected to them and a similar fire-resistant coating or at least one of their covering layers is formed directly by such a fire-resistant mineral plate, etc., for finishing buildings, construction details second and spaces, attics, basements fireproof structures, as well as heat and soundproofing lining. 42. The use of building boards or building elements, etc. According to one of claims 1 to 21 for interior decoration of buildings and premises, in particular for pivoting and sliding doors, security doors, etc. 43. The use of building boards or building elements, etc. According to one of the claims 1 to 21 for shipbuilding and boat building, the construction of dacha trailers, caravans and caravans, in particular in the form of a “sandwich plate” for easy clearance of vehicles, ships, boats, caravans, etc. such as floors, cladding, built-in structures, built-in furniture, etc. 44. The use of building boards or building elements, etc. according to one of claims 1 to 21 for the construction of pavilions, exhibition niches, stands, superstructures and finishing works at fairs, exhibitions, presentations and markets. 45. The use of building boards or building elements, etc. according to one of claims 1 to 21 for the production of furniture, as well as interior architectural objects and objects of building design. 46. The use of building boards or building elements, etc. According to one of claims 1 to 21 for the production of musical instruments, mainly for resonant and oscillatory plates of sound-emitting devices, such as acoustic systems, in particular for decks and the bottoms of (string) musical instruments, etc.