LT3298B - Liquid dispersion composition for, and method of, polishing ferrous components - Google Patents
Liquid dispersion composition for, and method of, polishing ferrous components Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- LT3298B LT3298B LTIP324A LTIP324A LT3298B LT 3298 B LT3298 B LT 3298B LT IP324 A LTIP324 A LT IP324A LT IP324 A LTIP324 A LT IP324A LT 3298 B LT3298 B LT 3298B
- Authority
- LT
- Lithuania
- Prior art keywords
- dispersion
- water
- passivator
- mixture
- sufficient
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 76
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical group [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KZTASAUPEDXWMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;iron(3+) Chemical compound N.[Fe+3] KZTASAUPEDXWMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001674048 Phthiraptera Species 0.000 description 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GJIWAPGRMAONJN-UHFFFAOYSA-J [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])O.[NH4+].[NH4+].C(C(=O)O)(=O)O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])O.[NH4+].[NH4+].C(C(=O)O)(=O)O GJIWAPGRMAONJN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001914 calming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005112 continuous flow technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005200 wet scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/12—Accessories; Protective equipment or safety devices; Installations for exhaustion of dust or for sound absorption specially adapted for machines covered by group B24B31/00
- B24B31/14—Abrading-bodies specially designed for tumbling apparatus, e.g. abrading-balls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F3/00—Brightening metals by chemical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/934,468 US4724041A (en) | 1986-11-24 | 1986-11-24 | Liquid dispersion composition for, and method of, polishing ferrous components |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| LTIP324A LTIP324A (en) | 1994-10-25 |
| LT3298B true LT3298B (en) | 1995-06-26 |
Family
ID=25465617
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| LTIP324A LT3298B (en) | 1986-11-24 | 1993-01-30 | Liquid dispersion composition for, and method of, polishing ferrous components |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4724041A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0332653B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPH02500988A (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE79907T1 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR8707891A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE3781416T2 (ja) |
| DK (1) | DK390688D0 (ja) |
| FI (1) | FI83789C (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL84561A (ja) |
| LT (1) | LT3298B (ja) |
| LV (1) | LV10317B (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX165426B (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO176671C (ja) |
| NZ (1) | NZ222627A (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2012695C1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1988003964A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USRE34272E (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1993-06-08 | Rem Chemicals, Inc. | Method and composition for refinement of metal surfaces |
| US4906327A (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1990-03-06 | Rem Chemicals, Inc. | Method and composition for refinement of metal surfaces |
| US5158629A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1992-10-27 | Rem Chemicals, Inc. | Reducing surface roughness of metallic objects and burnishing liquid used |
| DE4445333A1 (de) * | 1994-12-19 | 1996-06-20 | Moeller Feinmechanik Gmbh & Co | Glättverfahren |
| US6261154B1 (en) | 1998-08-25 | 2001-07-17 | Mceneny Jeffrey William | Method and apparatus for media finishing |
| WO2000022301A1 (de) * | 1998-10-12 | 2000-04-20 | Allweiler Ag | Rotor für eine exzenterschneckenpumpe und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
| US7196047B2 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2007-03-27 | Rbp Chemical Technology, Inc. | Fountain solution concentrates |
| DE10319468A1 (de) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-11-25 | Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh | Infrarotstrahler |
| US10179388B2 (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2019-01-15 | Rem Technologies, Inc. | High throughput finishing of metal components |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2890944A (en) | 1956-05-25 | 1959-06-16 | North American Aviation Inc | Continuous chemical milling process |
| US2940838A (en) | 1957-08-19 | 1960-06-14 | Boeing Co | Chemical milling |
| US2981610A (en) | 1957-05-14 | 1961-04-25 | Boeing Co | Chemical milling process and composition |
| US3052582A (en) | 1959-10-05 | 1962-09-04 | Boeing Co | Process of chemical milling and acid aqueous bath used therefor |
| US3061494A (en) | 1959-10-05 | 1962-10-30 | Boeing Co | Process of chemical milling and acid aqueous bath used therefor |
| US4491500A (en) | 1984-02-17 | 1985-01-01 | Rem Chemicals, Inc. | Method for refinement of metal surfaces |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2666000A (en) * | 1950-10-11 | 1954-01-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Process for cleaning automobile radiators |
| US2832706A (en) * | 1953-05-12 | 1958-04-29 | Victor Chemical Works | Metal cleaning and phosphating composition and method of cleaning and phosphating |
| DE1098784B (de) * | 1955-04-08 | 1961-02-02 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxalatschichten auf Eisen und Stahl |
| US3094489A (en) * | 1959-08-31 | 1963-06-18 | Monsanto Chemicals | Method and composition for brightening aluminum |
| SE400581B (sv) * | 1974-12-13 | 1978-04-03 | Nordnero Ab | Bad for kemisk polering av koppar och dess legeringar |
| AT366422B (de) * | 1980-06-30 | 1982-04-13 | Wiener Brueckenbau | Phosphorsaures medium und verfahren zum dampfstrahl-phosphatieren von stahlkonstruktionen mittels dieses mediums |
| SU1093732A1 (ru) * | 1983-04-04 | 1984-05-23 | Bereshchenko Alla A | Раствор дл виброхимического удалени заусенцев со стали |
| US4532066A (en) * | 1984-03-05 | 1985-07-30 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Stable mildly acidic aqueous polishing cleanser and preparation thereof |
-
1986
- 1986-11-24 US US06/934,468 patent/US4724041A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-11-20 WO PCT/US1987/003094 patent/WO1988003964A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-11-20 EP EP88900056A patent/EP0332653B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-20 JP JP63500476A patent/JPH02500988A/ja active Pending
- 1987-11-20 BR BR8707891A patent/BR8707891A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-11-20 AT AT88900056T patent/ATE79907T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-20 NZ NZ222627A patent/NZ222627A/xx unknown
- 1987-11-20 DE DE8888900056T patent/DE3781416T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-11-23 IL IL84561A patent/IL84561A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-24 MX MX009450A patent/MX165426B/es unknown
-
1988
- 1988-07-13 DK DK390688A patent/DK390688D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-07-21 NO NO883243A patent/NO176671C/no unknown
- 1988-10-11 FI FI884659A patent/FI83789C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-05-23 RU SU894614335A patent/RU2012695C1/ru active
-
1992
- 1992-12-22 LV LVP-92-360A patent/LV10317B/en unknown
-
1993
- 1993-01-30 LT LTIP324A patent/LT3298B/lt not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2890944A (en) | 1956-05-25 | 1959-06-16 | North American Aviation Inc | Continuous chemical milling process |
| US2981610A (en) | 1957-05-14 | 1961-04-25 | Boeing Co | Chemical milling process and composition |
| US2940838A (en) | 1957-08-19 | 1960-06-14 | Boeing Co | Chemical milling |
| US3052582A (en) | 1959-10-05 | 1962-09-04 | Boeing Co | Process of chemical milling and acid aqueous bath used therefor |
| US3061494A (en) | 1959-10-05 | 1962-10-30 | Boeing Co | Process of chemical milling and acid aqueous bath used therefor |
| US4491500A (en) | 1984-02-17 | 1985-01-01 | Rem Chemicals, Inc. | Method for refinement of metal surfaces |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0332653A1 (en) | 1989-09-20 |
| FI83789C (fi) | 1991-08-26 |
| MX165426B (es) | 1992-11-11 |
| NO883243L (no) | 1988-07-21 |
| NO176671C (no) | 1995-05-10 |
| RU2012695C1 (ru) | 1994-05-15 |
| DK390688A (da) | 1988-07-13 |
| DE3781416D1 (de) | 1992-10-01 |
| NO176671B (no) | 1995-01-30 |
| LV10317B (en) | 1995-06-20 |
| EP0332653B1 (en) | 1992-08-26 |
| LTIP324A (en) | 1994-10-25 |
| DE3781416T2 (de) | 1993-02-11 |
| FI884659A (fi) | 1988-10-11 |
| DK390688D0 (da) | 1988-07-13 |
| FI83789B (fi) | 1991-05-15 |
| FI884659A0 (fi) | 1988-10-11 |
| WO1988003964A1 (en) | 1988-06-02 |
| IL84561A0 (en) | 1988-04-29 |
| LV10317A (lv) | 1994-10-20 |
| US4724041A (en) | 1988-02-09 |
| BR8707891A (pt) | 1989-10-03 |
| NO883243D0 (no) | 1988-07-21 |
| ATE79907T1 (de) | 1992-09-15 |
| JPH02500988A (ja) | 1990-04-05 |
| IL84561A (en) | 1991-06-10 |
| NZ222627A (en) | 1990-07-26 |
| EP0332653A4 (en) | 1990-01-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM9A | Lapsed patents |
Effective date: 19980130 |