LV10317B - Liquid dispersion composition for, and method of, polishing ferrous components - Google Patents
Liquid dispersion composition for, and method of, polishing ferrous components Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- LV10317B LV10317B LVP-92-360A LV920360A LV10317B LV 10317 B LV10317 B LV 10317B LV 920360 A LV920360 A LV 920360A LV 10317 B LV10317 B LV 10317B
- Authority
- LV
- Latvia
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- dispersion
- agent
- sufficient
- water
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 107
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 23
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical group [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical group [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000718541 Tetragastris balsamifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 ammonium oxalates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010023497 kuru Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019592 roughness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/12—Accessories; Protective equipment or safety devices; Installations for exhaustion of dust or for sound absorption specially adapted for machines covered by group B24B31/00
- B24B31/14—Abrading-bodies specially designed for tumbling apparatus, e.g. abrading-balls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F3/00—Brightening metals by chemical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/934,468 US4724041A (en) | 1986-11-24 | 1986-11-24 | Liquid dispersion composition for, and method of, polishing ferrous components |
PCT/US1987/003094 WO1988003964A1 (en) | 1986-11-24 | 1987-11-20 | Liquid dispersion composition for, and method of, polishing ferrous components |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
LV10317A LV10317A (lv) | 1994-10-20 |
LV10317B true LV10317B (en) | 1995-06-20 |
Family
ID=25465617
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
LVP-92-360A LV10317B (en) | 1986-11-24 | 1992-12-22 | Liquid dispersion composition for, and method of, polishing ferrous components |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4724041A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0332653B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPH02500988A (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE79907T1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR8707891A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE3781416T2 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK390688D0 (ja) |
FI (1) | FI83789C (ja) |
IL (1) | IL84561A (ja) |
LT (1) | LT3298B (ja) |
LV (1) | LV10317B (ja) |
MX (1) | MX165426B (ja) |
NO (1) | NO176671C (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ222627A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2012695C1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1988003964A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4906327A (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1990-03-06 | Rem Chemicals, Inc. | Method and composition for refinement of metal surfaces |
USRE34272E (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1993-06-08 | Rem Chemicals, Inc. | Method and composition for refinement of metal surfaces |
US5158629A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1992-10-27 | Rem Chemicals, Inc. | Reducing surface roughness of metallic objects and burnishing liquid used |
DE4445333A1 (de) * | 1994-12-19 | 1996-06-20 | Moeller Feinmechanik Gmbh & Co | Glättverfahren |
US6261154B1 (en) | 1998-08-25 | 2001-07-17 | Mceneny Jeffrey William | Method and apparatus for media finishing |
WO2000022301A1 (de) * | 1998-10-12 | 2000-04-20 | Allweiler Ag | Rotor für eine exzenterschneckenpumpe und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
US7196047B2 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2007-03-27 | Rbp Chemical Technology, Inc. | Fountain solution concentrates |
DE10319468A1 (de) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-11-25 | Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh | Infrarotstrahler |
US10179388B2 (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2019-01-15 | Rem Technologies, Inc. | High throughput finishing of metal components |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2666000A (en) * | 1950-10-11 | 1954-01-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Process for cleaning automobile radiators |
US2832706A (en) * | 1953-05-12 | 1958-04-29 | Victor Chemical Works | Metal cleaning and phosphating composition and method of cleaning and phosphating |
DE1098784B (de) * | 1955-04-08 | 1961-02-02 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxalatschichten auf Eisen und Stahl |
US2890944A (en) * | 1956-05-25 | 1959-06-16 | North American Aviation Inc | Continuous chemical milling process |
US2981610A (en) * | 1957-05-14 | 1961-04-25 | Boeing Co | Chemical milling process and composition |
US2940838A (en) * | 1957-08-19 | 1960-06-14 | Boeing Co | Chemical milling |
US3094489A (en) * | 1959-08-31 | 1963-06-18 | Monsanto Chemicals | Method and composition for brightening aluminum |
US3052582A (en) * | 1959-10-05 | 1962-09-04 | Boeing Co | Process of chemical milling and acid aqueous bath used therefor |
US3061494A (en) * | 1959-10-05 | 1962-10-30 | Boeing Co | Process of chemical milling and acid aqueous bath used therefor |
SE400581B (sv) * | 1974-12-13 | 1978-04-03 | Nordnero Ab | Bad for kemisk polering av koppar och dess legeringar |
AT366422B (de) * | 1980-06-30 | 1982-04-13 | Wiener Brueckenbau | Phosphorsaures medium und verfahren zum dampfstrahl-phosphatieren von stahlkonstruktionen mittels dieses mediums |
SU1093732A1 (ru) * | 1983-04-04 | 1984-05-23 | Bereshchenko Alla A | Раствор дл виброхимического удалени заусенцев со стали |
US4491500A (en) * | 1984-02-17 | 1985-01-01 | Rem Chemicals, Inc. | Method for refinement of metal surfaces |
US4532066A (en) * | 1984-03-05 | 1985-07-30 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Stable mildly acidic aqueous polishing cleanser and preparation thereof |
-
1986
- 1986-11-24 US US06/934,468 patent/US4724041A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-11-20 DE DE8888900056T patent/DE3781416T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-11-20 AT AT88900056T patent/ATE79907T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-20 BR BR8707891A patent/BR8707891A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-11-20 EP EP88900056A patent/EP0332653B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-20 NZ NZ222627A patent/NZ222627A/xx unknown
- 1987-11-20 WO PCT/US1987/003094 patent/WO1988003964A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-11-20 JP JP63500476A patent/JPH02500988A/ja active Pending
- 1987-11-23 IL IL84561A patent/IL84561A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-24 MX MX009450A patent/MX165426B/es unknown
-
1988
- 1988-07-13 DK DK390688A patent/DK390688D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-07-21 NO NO883243A patent/NO176671C/no unknown
- 1988-10-11 FI FI884659A patent/FI83789C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-05-23 RU SU894614335A patent/RU2012695C1/ru active
-
1992
- 1992-12-22 LV LVP-92-360A patent/LV10317B/en unknown
-
1993
- 1993-01-30 LT LTIP324A patent/LT3298B/lt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO176671C (no) | 1995-05-10 |
IL84561A0 (en) | 1988-04-29 |
NO176671B (no) | 1995-01-30 |
FI83789C (fi) | 1991-08-26 |
EP0332653A4 (en) | 1990-01-08 |
NZ222627A (en) | 1990-07-26 |
US4724041A (en) | 1988-02-09 |
MX165426B (es) | 1992-11-11 |
DK390688A (da) | 1988-07-13 |
FI884659A (fi) | 1988-10-11 |
FI83789B (fi) | 1991-05-15 |
JPH02500988A (ja) | 1990-04-05 |
EP0332653B1 (en) | 1992-08-26 |
LTIP324A (en) | 1994-10-25 |
WO1988003964A1 (en) | 1988-06-02 |
RU2012695C1 (ru) | 1994-05-15 |
NO883243L (no) | 1988-07-21 |
LT3298B (en) | 1995-06-26 |
EP0332653A1 (en) | 1989-09-20 |
DE3781416D1 (de) | 1992-10-01 |
BR8707891A (pt) | 1989-10-03 |
LV10317A (lv) | 1994-10-20 |
ATE79907T1 (de) | 1992-09-15 |
DE3781416T2 (de) | 1993-02-11 |
FI884659A0 (fi) | 1988-10-11 |
NO883243D0 (no) | 1988-07-21 |
IL84561A (en) | 1991-06-10 |
DK390688D0 (da) | 1988-07-13 |
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