KR930010573B1 - 금속가공용 윤활유 조성물 - Google Patents

금속가공용 윤활유 조성물 Download PDF

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KR930010573B1
KR930010573B1 KR1019880014636A KR880014636A KR930010573B1 KR 930010573 B1 KR930010573 B1 KR 930010573B1 KR 1019880014636 A KR1019880014636 A KR 1019880014636A KR 880014636 A KR880014636 A KR 880014636A KR 930010573 B1 KR930010573 B1 KR 930010573B1
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oil
lubricating oil
mineral oil
composition
viscosity
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KR1019880014636A
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KR890008307A (ko
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타다시 가다프찌
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이데미쓰 고산 가부시끼가이샤
이데미쓰 쇼스께
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Abstract

내용 없음.

Description

금속가공용 윤활유 조성물
본 발명은 금속가공용 윤활유조성물에 관한 것이며, 상세하게는 특정한 성상의 광유를 함유하는 기유에 유성제 등을 배합하여 이루어지는 가공성이 우수한 오일타입 (oll type) 또는 에멜젼타입(emvlslon type)의 금속가공용의 윤활유조성물에 관한 것이다. 종래 금속가공시에 사용되는 윤활유에 관해서는 상당히 상세하게 연구가 되어져 있지 않으며, 윤활유기유의 종류나 성상과 그 효과와의 관계에 관해서 논한 문헌은 거의 보여지지 않는다. 일반적으로 널리 사용되고 있는 금속가공용 윤활유의 기유로서는 공지의 나프텐계 광유나, 파라핀계 광유를 들 수 있지만 이것들은 여러가지의 결점이 있다. 예컨대 공지의 나프텐계 광유를 사용한 경우에는 피가공물의 표면마무리 특히 광택이 불량하며, 또한 파라핀계 광유를 사용한 경우에는 나프텐계 광유를 사용한 경유에 비하여 광택은 개선되지만 금속가공의 조건이 가혹하게되면 표면마모리 상태가 불충분하게 된다고 하는 문제가 있다. 그래서 본 발명자는 상기 종래의 금속가공용윤활유의 문제점을 해소하고 금속가공의 조건에 의하지 않고 피가공물의 표면마무리 상태가 양호하게 되며, 더구나 금속가공성이 우수한 금속가공용 윤활유를 개발하기 위하여 예의 연구를 거듭하였다. 그 결과, 윤활유기유로서 특정한 동점도, 점도-압력계수 및 유동점을 갇는 광유를 함유하는 것이 상기 목적에 부합되는 것인 것을 발견하였다.
본 발명을 이러한 발견에 기초하여 완성한 것이다. 즉 본 발명은 (A) 40℃에 있어서의 동점도(V40)가 5-150cst이고, 40℃에 있어서의 점도-압력계수(α40)가
Figure kpo00001
을 만족시키고, 또한 유동점이 -35℃ 이하인 광유를 함유하는 기유 및 (B)유성체 및/또는 극성제를 주성분으로하는 금속 가공용 윤활유 조성물을 제공하는 것이다.
본 발명의 조성물은, (A) 성분인 특정한 성상의 광유를 함유하는 기유와(B) 성분인 유성체 및/또는 극성제를 주성분으로 하는 것이지만 여기서(A)성분의 기유에 함유되는 광유는, 40℃에 있어서의 동점도(V40)가 5-150cst, 바람직하게는 6-100cst이다. 동점도(V40)가 5cst 미만에서는 윤활성이 불량해지며 또한 150cst를 초과하면 가공후의 소둔이나 탈지나 곤란하게된다. 상기 광유는, 또한 점도-압력계수(α40)가 상기한 α40
Figure kpo00002
2,800leq(V40)+14,200인 관계식(식 1)(또 loq는 상용대수로 나타낸다)을 만족시키는 것이 필요하다. 이 관계식을 만족시키지 않는 점도-압력계수(α40)를 갖는 광유에서는 피가공물의 표면광택이 나쁜것으로 된다. 여기서 점도-압력계수(α40)로서는 일반적으로
Figure kpo00003
(식중 np는 온도 40℃, 압력 P(기가 파스칼(glgapascal)에서의 점도를 나타내고, n0는 온도 40℃, 대기압에서의 점도를 나타낸다. 또한 ln는 자연대수를 나타낸다.)로 정의되는 압력에 따른 점도변화를 나타내는 계수이다.
더우기 상기 광유는 유동점이 -35℃ 이하, 바람직하게는 -40℃ 이하인 것이다. 여기서 유동점이 -35℃보다 높으면 금속가공시의 가공조건이 가혹한 경우에는, 피가공물의 표면마무리가 불충분하게 된다. 상기한 바와 같은 성상을 갖는 광유의 구체예로서는, 파라핀기계원유 중간기계 원유를 상입증유 하던가 혹은 상압증유의 잔사유를 감압증유하여 얻어지는 유출유를 통상적인 방법에 따라서 정제하고 더욱 심탈왁스(wax)처리하는 것에 의하여 얻어지는 심탈왁스를 적합한것으로 들 수가 있다.
이때의 유출유의 정제법은 특별한 제한은 없고 다양한 방법이 고려된다. 통상적으로는 (a) 수소화처리 (b) 탈 왁스 처리(용제탈왁스 또는 수첨탈왁스), (c) 용제유출처리, (d) 알카리증유 또는 황산세정처리, (e) 백토(lag)처리를 단독으로 혹은 적절히 선택한 순서로 조합하여 수행한다. 또 동일처리를 복수단으로 나누어서 반복 수행하는 것도 유효하다. 예컨대 ① 유출유를 수소화처리하던가, 또는 수소화 처리한후 알카리증유 또는 황산 세정처리를 수행하는 방법, ② 유출유를 수화화처리한후 탈왁스 처리하는 방법, ③ 유출유를 용제유출 처리한후, 수소화 처리하는 방법, ④ 유출유에 2단 혹은 3단의 수소화 처리를 수행하고 또는 그후에 알카리증유 또는 황산제정처리하는 방법등이 있다.
본 발명이 조성물에 사용하는 광유는 이와 같이 하여 얻어지는 정제유를 필요에 따라서 다시 탈왁스 처리하여 더욱 탈 왁스유로한 것이 적합하게 사용된다. 여기서 수행하는탈왁스 처리는 더욱 탈왁스 처리로 칭하여지는 것으로 가혹한 조건하에서의 용제탈 왁스처리법이나 제올라이트 촉매를 사용한 접촉 수첨 탈왁스처리법등에 따라서 수행된다. 본 발명의 조성물에서는 (A) 성분으로서 상기 광유를 함유하는 기유가 사용되지만 이 기유중에는 상기 광유 이외에 다른 공지의 금속가공유기유를 적량 보통은 기유전량의 50% 미만의 비율로 배합하는 것도 가능하다.
다음에 본 발명의 조성물에는 상기 (A) 성분과 함께, (B) 성분으로서 유성체, 극성제의 어느 것인가 한쪽 혹은 양자를 배합하는 것이 필요하다. 여기서 유성제는 각종의 것이 사용가능하며, 특히 제한은 없지만 예컨대, 고급지방산(올레인산, 스테아린산 등) 고급자방산 에스테르 다가카본산 에스테르, 다가 알콜 에스테르, 고급알콜, 유지, 염소화유지 금속비누(아연, 주석, 구리 등을 함유) 등을 들 수 있다. 또한 극성제에 관해서도 각종의 것이 있지만 예컨대 술피드류, 술폭사이드류 술폰류, 티오포스피네이트류, 티오카보네이트류, 황화유지, 황화올레핀 등의 유황계 극압제 : 인산에스테르(트리클레일 포스페이트(CTCD) 등 x), 아인산 에스테르, 인산에스테르 아민염, 아인산에스테르 아민염 등의 인계극압제 : 염소화탄화수소 등의 할로겐계 극압제 : 다이티오인산아연 (ZnDTP) 등의 티오인산염, 티오카바민 사영 혹은 살리실사이나 술폰산의 금속염등의 유기금속계 극압제 등을 들 수가 있다.
본 발명의 조성물에 있어서는 상기(B)성분의 배합비율은 특별한 제한은 없지만 조성물 전체의 0.1-50중량%, 바람직하게는 1-30중량%이다. 본 발명의 조성물에서는, 더욱 원하는 바에 따라서 부식방지제, 소멸제등의 각종 첨가제를 적당량 첨가하는 것도 가능하다. 또한 본 발명의 조성물은, 그대로 오일타입으로서 사용하여도 좋지만 유화제가 함께 물을 기하여 에멜젼 타입으로서 사용하는 것도 가능하다.
[실시예]
다음에 본 발명을 실시예 및 비교예에 의하여 더욱 상세히 설명한다. 우선, 하기의 실시예 및 비교예에 사용되는 9종류의 광유를 준비하였다. 이것들의 광유의 성상을 표 1에 나타낸다.
[표 1]
Figure kpo00004
[실시예 1-4 및 비교예 1-8(압연실험)]
상기 표 1의 광유(80중량%)에 부틸스티어레이트(20중량%)를 배합하여 시료를 조제하고 이것을 압연유로서 사용하여 압연실험을 수행하였다. 이 실험은 정밀 4단 압연기를 사용하고 4-패스(pass) 압연실험을 수행하는 것에 의하여 진행시켰다.
또한 이때의 압연 실험조건은 다음과 같았다.
피압연재 : SUS 304 소둔재
압연속도 : 200m/분
워킹롤(Working roll) : 지름 40mm
재질 SUJ-2강
표면 거칠기 0.2S
패스 스케줄(pass schedule)
(1) 2.0-1.3-0.8-0.6-0.4(mm)
(2) 2.0-1.2-0.7-0.5-0.35(mm)
또한 이 압연유의 성능평가는 4패스(pass) 압연실험후의 피압연재의 광택을 JIS-Z 8741에 준거하여 60°경면광택법에 따라 수행하였다. 결과를 표 2에 나타낸다.
[표 2]
Figure kpo00005
실시예 5,6 및 비교예 9-12(드로잉 테스트(drawing test) 상기 표 1의 광유(80중량%)에 황화유지(20중량%)를 배합하여 시료를 조제하고 이것을 가공유로서 사용하여 드로잉 실험을 수행하였다. 이 드로잉 실험조건은 다음과 같다.
피가공재 JIS-SPCE 재(두께 2.0mm)
펀치지름 31.4mm
피가공재 지름 50mm
드로인 속도 0.5m/초
윤활방법 도포
또한, 이 시료의 성능평가는 드로잉후의 피가공물의 표면성상을 육안 관찰하는 것에 의하여 수행하였다.
결과를 표 3에 나타낸다.
[표 3]
Figure kpo00006
[실시예 7 및 비교예 13, 14(절삭 실험)]
상기 표 1의 광유(97중량%) 이황화유지(2중량%) 및 염소화 파라핀(1중량%)를 배합하여 시료를 조제하고, 이것을 절삭유로서 사용하여 프라이 톨(fly tool) 실험을 행한다.
결과를 표 4에 나타낸다. 또한 이 실험조건은 다음과 같다.
공구의 형상 날선단 : 0.5R, 압력각 : 18°12'
레이크(rake) 각 : 0°
피가공물의 재질 SCM-420
절삭속도 100m/분(187rpm)
공급량 2.4mm
엔터링양(entering rate) 0.9mm
절삭방향 상향
[표 4]
Figure kpo00007
[실시예 8 및 비교예 15, 16(유화 안정성 실험)]
100의 메스실린더 내에 상기 표 1의 광유 80중량% 유화제(폴리옥시에틸렌 노닐 페닐에테르) 10중량% 및 염소화 파라핀(염소분 40%) 10중량%의 혼합물의 5% 수용액을 조제하여 시료로 하였다. 이 시료를 50회 진탕시켜 에멀젼으로 한후 온도 5℃에서 24시간 후의 안정성을 관출하였다. 결과를 표 5에 나타낸다.
[표 5]
Figure kpo00008
이상과 같이 본 발명의 윤활유 조성물에 의하면 각종의 금속가공에 있어서 피가공물의 표면마무리 특히 광택을 향상시키는 것이 가능함과 동시에 가공성 및 가공효율이 향상하고 더구나 이 윤활유조성물은 유화안정성이 양호하다. 따라서 본 발명의 윤활유 조성물은 압연, 드로잉등의 소정가공 혹은 절삭, 연삭가공등의 각종의 금속가공유로서 폭넓고, 또한 유효한 이용이 기대된다.

Claims (1)

  1. (A) 40℃에 있어서의 동점도(V40)가 5-150cst이고, 40℃에 있어서의 점도-압력계수(α40)가 식 α40
    Figure kpo00009
    2,800loq(V40)+14,200을 만족시키며, 또한 유동점이 -35℃ 이하인 광유를 함유하는 기유 및 (B) 유성제 및/또는 극성제를 주성분으로 하는 금속가공용 윤활유 조성물.
KR1019880014636A 1987-11-07 1988-11-07 금속가공용 윤활유 조성물 KR930010573B1 (ko)

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