KR900004510B1 - 접동면겸 금속가공유제 및 이 접동면겸 금속가공유제를 사용한 공작기계의 윤활방법 - Google Patents

접동면겸 금속가공유제 및 이 접동면겸 금속가공유제를 사용한 공작기계의 윤활방법 Download PDF

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KR900004510B1
KR900004510B1 KR1019870005771A KR870005771A KR900004510B1 KR 900004510 B1 KR900004510 B1 KR 900004510B1 KR 1019870005771 A KR1019870005771 A KR 1019870005771A KR 870005771 A KR870005771 A KR 870005771A KR 900004510 B1 KR900004510 B1 KR 900004510B1
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group
sliding surface
metal
agent
oil
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KR1019870005771A
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KR880000562A (ko
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히데오 가나모리
가쯔미 하시모또
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이데미쯔 고오산 가부시기가이샤
이데미쯔 쇼스케
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Abstract

내용 없음.

Description

접동면겸 금속가공유제 및 이 접동면겸 금속가공유제를 사용한 공작기계의 윤활방법
본 발명은, 탄소수 16-24의 2염기산과 피페라진 화합물과의 반응생성물과, 윤활유와, 유화제를 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 접동면겸 금속가공유제 및 이것을 사용하는 공작기계의 윤활방법에 관한 것이다.
일반적으로 공작기계에 사용하는 접동면유와 절삭·연삭유제등의 금속가공유제는 서로 그 조성이 다르다.
그러나, 통상의 기계는, 그 기계의 설계상, 양유제가 서로 혼입하기 쉬운 설계로 되어 있기 때문에, 다른 기름의 혼입에 의한 성능저하, 작동불량을 발생하게 하는 일이 많다고 하는 문제점이 있었다.
이 문제점을 해결하는 방법으로서, 본 출원인은, 광유, 합성유등의 윤활유에 특정의 긴사슬디카르복실산을 배합해서 생성되는 겸용유제를 제안했다(일본국 특원소 59-262920호(PA 61-141793)).
이 겸용유제는, 상기 문제점을 기본적으로 해소한 뛰어난 겸용유이긴 하나, 접동면특성등에 있어서 더욱 개략해야될 여지를 가지고 있다.
이 발명은, 상기 사정에 의거하여 이루어진 것이다. 즉, 본 발명의 목적은, 상기 문제점을 해결함과 동시에 상기 일본국 특원소 59-262920호의 발명을 개량하여, 접동면유와, 절삭·연삭유제등의 금속 가공유제를 사용하는 공작기계, 특히, 접동면유를 전손식(全損式)으로, 절삭·연삭유제를 순환식으로 사용하는 공작기계의 윤활시스템에서, 상기 양유를 기본적으로 동일 조성으로 해서 사용(예를들면, 접동면유로할때는 원액을 사용하고, 절삭·연삭유제로 할때는 그 에멀션으로서 사용한다.)한 경우에도, 접동면유로서의 성능 및 절삭·연삭유제로서의 성능의 양성능에 현저하게 뛰어나서, 절삭유제에 접동면유가 서로 혼입하여도 그 성능에 지장을 발생하는 일이 없는 신규의 겸용유를 제공하는데 있다.
상기 문제점을 해결하고, 상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 이 제1발명의 개요는, 탄소수 16~24의 2염기산과 피페라진 화합물과의 반응생성물과, 윤활유와, 유화제를 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 접동면겸 금속가공유제이고, 제2의 발명의 개요는, 탄소수 16~24의 2염기산과 피페라진 화합물의 반응생성물과, 윤활유와, 극압제 및/또는 유성제와, 유화제를 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 접동면겸 금속가공유제이고, 또, 제3의 발명의 개요는, 탄소수 16~24의 2염기산과 피페라진 화합물과의 반응생성물과, 윤활유와, 유화제와, 필요하면 극압제 및/또는 유성제를 함유하는 접동면겸 금속가공유제를 공작기계의 접동면에 사용하고, 이 접동면겸 금속가공유제의 희석액을 금속가공부위에 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 공작기계의 윤활방법이다.
상기 윤활유로서는, 특별한 제한은 없으며, 석유 혹은 광유계 윤활유(파라핀계유 및/또는 나프텐계유등) 비석유계 윤활유(합성윤활유, 동식물유류등)등, 또, 경질윤활유, 중질(中質)윤활유, 중질(重質)윤활유등, 또 이들의 기유(基油)인 광유, 합성유, 동식물유등의 어느 것이나 사용할 수 있으나, 점도가, 5~500 cst(40℃)의 범위에 있는 것이 바람직하다.
보다 구체적으로 말하면, 예를들면, 금속 가공용 윤활유(예를들면, 압연유, 절삭, 연삭유, 소성가공유, 프레스유, 인발용 윤활유등), 작동용윤활유(예를들면, 한공작동유, 자동차브레이크유, 유압작동유, 토오크 콘버어터유등) 방청윤활유, 공업용윤활유, 스핀들유, 냉동기유, 다이너모유, 터이빈유, 머시인유, 실린더유, 각종기어유, 자동변속유, 각종내연기관용 윤활유, 각종접동면유동, 또는 이것들에 사용되는 광유, 합성유, 동식물유등을 들수 있다.
이들중에서도, 예를들면, 절삭유, 연삭유, 절삭, 연삭유, 각종접동면유등, 혹은 이것들에 사용되는 광유, 합성유등이 바람직하며, 특히, 순환식용절삭·연삭유, 전손식용 접동면유등, 또는 이것들에 사용되는 광유, 합성유등이 바람직하다.
상기 광유로서, 나프텐계광유, 중간계광유, 파라핀계 광유 윤활유(류)분(留分), 혹은 이들 광유류의 정제에 의해서 얻게되는 고방향족 성분등을 예시할 수 있으며, 합성유로서, 긴사슬알킬벤젠, 분기알킬벤젠, 폴리부텐등의 폴리올레핀유, 알킬나프탈린, 에스테르유, 폴리글리콜유 등을 예시할 수 있으며, 윤활유로서, 이들 중에서도 나프텐계광유 및 α-올레핀올리고머가 바람직하다.
이들 윤활유는, 일종 단독으로 사용하거나, 2종이상 혼합해서 사용해도 좋고, 또 필요에 따라 에멀션상태에 있는 것을 사용할 수도 있다.
또한, 이들 윤활유는, 산화방지제, 소포제, 구리불활성화제, 청정제, 점도조정제, 방청용첨가제, 또 경우에 따라서는, 극압제, 윤성제, 발수제, 점착제. 이장(離奬)방지제, 착색제등의 첨가제를 함유하는 것이라도 좋다.
상기 탄소수 16~24의 긴사슬 2염기산으로서는, 예를들면 식,
Figure kpo00001
등을 들수가 있다.
바람직한 것은, 분자사슬의 양말단 각각에 카르복실기를 가진 동시에 탄소수가 16~24인 포화 또는 불포화의 긴사슬 2염기산이며, 더욱 바람직한 것은 분자사슬의 양말단 각각에 카르복실기를 가진 동시에 탄소수가 16~24인 포화긴사슬 2염기산이며, 특히 바람직한 것은, 다음식으로 표시되는 것이다.
Figure kpo00002
상기 피페라진 화합물은, 다음의 제[1]식,
Figure kpo00003
(단, 상기[1]식중, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8은, 각각, 수소원자; 알킬기, 아릴기, 알아릴기, 아랄킬기등의 탄화수소기, 수산기, 할로겐원자, 알콕시기, 아미노기, 알킬아미노기, 디알킬아미노기 ; 알킬 아미노 알킬기, 디알킬아미노알킬기, 히드록시알킬기, 히드록시 아릴기, 아미노아릴기, 알킬아미노아닐기, 알콕시알킬기, 알콕시아릴기등의 할로겐원자 및/또는 수산기 및/또는 알콕시기 및/또는 아미노기치환 탄화수소기등을 의미한다. 또 제[1]식중 X는, 수소원자 ; 알킬기, 아릴기, 알아릴기, 아랄킬기등의 탄화수소기 ; 히드록시알킬기, 아미노알킬기, 할로알킬기 ; 알콕시알킬기, 히드록시아릴기, 히드록시알아릴기, 히드록시아랄킬기, 아미노아릴기, 아미노아랄킬기등의 수산기, 아미노기, 할로겐원자, 알콕시기등을 치환한 탄화수소기를 의미한다.)로 표시되는 피페라진 또는, 치환피페라진 화합물이다.
무엇보다도, 상기 제[1]식으로 표시되는 피페라진 화합물중에서도, 다음의 제[2]식,
Figure kpo00004
(단, 상기 제[2]식중, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8는, 상기 제[1]식과 마찬가지의 기를 의미한다.
Y는, OH 또는 NH2를 의미한다. 또, 제[2]식중의 m는 1~5의 정수, 바람직하게는, 2 또는 3을 의미한다.)
상기 제[1]식 및 제[2]식의, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8에 관해서는, 수소원자 또는 탄소수가 1~5의 알킬기(특히, 메틸기) 또는 탄소수가 1~5의 히드록시알킬기(특히, 2-히드록시 에틸기) 또는 탄소수가 1~5의 아미노알킬기(특히, 2-아미노에틸기)가 바람직하다.
상기 제[2]식중, Y 즉 OH 또는 NH2의-CmH2m-기중의 치환위치는, 특히 한정되는 것은 아니나, m의 2~5의 정수인 경우는, -CH2-Cm-lH2(m-1)-Y로 표시되는 위치에 있는 것이 호적하며, -CH2CHY-R'(여기서 R'은, 수소원자 또는, 탄소수 1-3의 알킬기를 표시한다.)로 표시되는 위치에 치환해있는 것이 특히 호적하게 사용할 수 있다.
또, Y로서는, OH가 특히 호적하다.
상기 제[2]식에 표시되는 피페라진 화합물중에서 비교적 호적하게 사용할 수가 있는 피페라진 화합물의 구체적 예로서는, 예를들면, N-(히드록시메틸)피페라진, N-(히드록시메틸)-2-메틸피페라진, N-(2-히드록시에틸)피페라진(제[3]식), N -(2-히드록시에틸) -2-메틸피페라진, N -(2-히드록시에틸) -2-히드록시에틸피페라진, N -(2-히드록시에틸) -2-아미노에틸피페라진, N-(2-히드록시에틸) -2,3-디메틸피페라진, N -(2-히드록시프로필)피페라진, N -(2-히드록시프로필) -2-메틸피페라진, N-(2-히드록시프로필)-2-히드록시 에틸 피페라진, N-(3-히드록시프로필)피페라진, N-(3-히드록시프로필)-2-메틸피페라진, N -(2-히드록시부틸), N -(2-히드록시부틸) -2-메틸피페라진, N -(2-히드록시부틸) -2 히드록시에틸 피페라진, N-(4-히드록시부틸)피페라진, N-(2-히드록시펜틸)피페라진, N-(5-히드록시펜틸) 피페라진, N -(2-히드록시-2-메틸프로필)피페라진, N -(2-히드록시이소아밀)피페라진등의 N -히드록시알킬피페라진류 N -(아미노메틸)피페라진, N -(2-아미노에틸)피페라진, N -(2-아미노에틸) -2 메틸피페라진, N -(2-아미노에틸) -2-히드록시에틸피페라진, N -(2-아미노에틸) -2-아미노에틸피페라진, N -(2-아미노프로필)피페라진, N-(2-아미노프로필) -2-메틸피페라진, N-(3-아미노프로필)피페라진, N -(3-아미노프로필) -2-메틸피페라진, N-(2-아미노부틸)피페라진, N -(3-아미노부틸)피페라진, N -(4-아미노부틸)피페라진, N -(2-아미노펜틸)피페라진, N -(5-아미노펜틸) 피페라진, N -(5-아미노펜틸) -2-히드록시에틸피페라진등의 N -아미노알킬피페라진류등을 들수 있다.
이들 화합물외에, 상기 제[1]식으로 표시되는 피페라진 화합물의 구체적 예로서는, 예를들면, 피페라진 2-(2-히드록시에틸)피페라진, 2-메틸피페라진, 2-(2-아미노에틸)피페라진, N-메틸피페라진, N-메틸-2-히드록시메틸피페라진, N-페닐피페라진, N-(히드록시페닐)피페라진, N-(히드록시 시클로헥실)피페라진, N-벤질피페라진, N-(히드록시벤질)피페라진, N-(히드록시메틸페닐)피페라진, N-페닐-2-히드록시에틸피페라진등의 여러가지 화합물을 들수 있다.
이들 중에서도, N-(2-히드록시알킬)피페라진이 바람직하며, 특히, N-(2-히드록시에틸)피페라진 및 N -(2-히드록시프로필) 피페라진이 바람직하다.
본 발명 방법에 있어서는, 상기 피페라진 화합물([B1]성분)과 상기 탄소수 16~24의 긴사슬 2염기산([B2]성분)을 배합하여, 반응생성물을 생성시켜서, 이 반응생성물 또는 반응생성액을 본 발명의 접동면겸 금속가공유제의 조정에 사용한다.
반응에 있어서, 상기 [B1]성분과 [B2]성분과의 배합비율은, [B2]성분 1몰당, [B1]성분을, 통상, 0.5~10몰, 바람직하게는 1~5몰로 설정한다.
상기 [B1]성분과 [B2]성분의 반응은, 예를들면, 반응온도를 실온-200℃, 바람직하게는 30~100℃, 반응시간을 5분간~120분간, 바람직하게는 10분간∼60분간으로 설정해서 행할 수 있다.
상기 유화제로서는 특별히 제한은 없으며, 예를들면 지방족비누, 나프텐산비누, 긴사슬알코올황산에스테르염, 지방족알킬황산에스테르염 등의 음이온계 계면활성제; 긴사슬제1아민염, 알킬트리메틸암모늄염 등의 양이온계 계면활성제; 폴리옥시에틸렌알킬에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌알킬페닐에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬에스테르 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬페닐에스테르등의 비이온계 계면활성제, 또 디폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬에테르 포스페이트, 트리폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬에테르포스페이트 트리폴리옥시에틸렌알킬페닐에테르포스페이트 등의 인함유 계면활성제등을 들수 있다. 이들 유화제는 전체량에 대하여 5~30중량%, 바람직하게는 10~20중량% 배합된다. 여기서, 이 유화제의 배합량이 5중량% 미만이면, 얻어지는 윤활조성물이 분리해 버리기 때문에, 접동면유제로서 사용할 수 없게 되는 동시에 금속가공액의 유화안정성이 나빠서 금속가공에 사용할 수 없게된다. 또, 30중량%를 초과해서 배합하면, 접동면유제로서 사용했을 경우, 스틱슬립이 발생하므로 바람직하지 못하다.
상기 극압제로서는, 특별이 제한은 없으며, 공지의 윤활유에 사용되는 극압제를 사용할 수 있다.
보다 구체적으로는, 예를들면, 유화라아드, 유화고래기름등의 황화합물계 극압제, 인산에스테르, 인산에스테르아민염등의 화합물계 극압제, 염소화합물계 극압제등을 들수 있다.
상기 유성제로서는, 특별이 제한은 없으며, 공지의 윤활유에 사용되는 유성제를 사용할 수 있다.
보다 구체적으로는, 예를들면 고급알코올, 고급케톤, 고급지방산에스테르, 유지등의 3가의 알코올의 지방산에스테르, 인산에스테르, 인산에스테르아민염등을 들수 있다.
또한, 일반적으로 유성제, 극압제는, 어느 것이나 경계윤활성능을 향상시키기 위한 것이며, 양자를 명확하게 정착시켜서 확연하게 구별하는 것은 어려운 것이라고 되어있다[윤활핸드북 : 일본윤활학회편, 요로겐도오(일본국 소화 57)].
따라서, 상기 예시의 극압제와 상기 예시의 유성제를, 합쳐서 극압제·유성제로 간주할 수가 있다.
상기 예시의 극압제·유성제중에서도, 예를들면 황화라아드, 황화고래기름, 인산에스테르, 인산에스테르아민염, 유지등의 다가알코올의 지방산에스테르, 고급지방산에스테르류등이 바람직하며, 특히 황화라아드, 인산에스테르아민염등이 바람직하다.
이들 극압제·유성제 또는 극압제·유성제는, 1종단독으로 사용하거나. 2종이상을 조합해서 사용해도 좋다.
본 발명의 접동면겸 금속가공유제는. 상기 윤활유([A]성분)와, 상기 [B1]성분과 상기 [B2]성분으로 조정되는 상기 반응생성물([B]성분)과, 상기 극압제 및/또는 상기 유성제, 즉 상기 극압제·유성제([C]성분)와, 상기 유화제([D]성분)을 배합하거나, 혹은 상기 [A]성분과, 상기 [B]성분과, 상기 [D]성분을 배합함으로서 제조할 수 있다.
이들 각 성분의 배합비율은, 이하와 같이 설정한다.
상기 [B]성분의 배합비율이, 2중량부보다 적으면, 방청성, 내균성, 내스테인성, 내부패성, 내마모성이 충분치 못하거나, 접동면유로서 사용했을때에, 동(動)마찰계수가 낮아지지 않거나, 면압이 높을경우 스틱슬립을 발생하는 일이 있으며, 한편, 60중량부를 초과하여 배합하여도 효과의 향상을 기대할 수 없으므로 경제상 바람직하지 못하다. 즉, [A]성분에 [B]성분을 2~60중량%, 바람직하게는 5~30중량%, [C]성분을 0~30중량%, 바람직하게는 2-20중량%, [D]성분을 3~30중량%, 바람직하게는 5~20중량%로 설정하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한 상기 [A]-[D] 성분의 합계가 100중량%가 되는 것은 말할 것도 없다.
상기 [D]성분의 배합비율이, 3중량%보다 적으면, 금속가공액의 유화안정성이 악화되며, 한편, 30중량%보다 크면, 윤활성이 저하하는 일이 있다.
상기 [C]성분의 배합비율이, 30중량%보다 크면 오일스테인, 부식을 일으키기 쉽게 된다. 또한, [C]성분은, 일반적으로 주로 경계윤활특성의 향상을 목적으로 하여 배합되는 것이나, 본 발명의 접동면겸 금속가공유세의 경우에는, [C]성분을 함유하지 않거나, 혹은 소량밖에 함유하지 않는 경우에 있어서도, 뛰어난 경계윤활특성을 얻을 수 있다. 이 이유는, 현시점에서 명확하지는 않지만, [B]성분자신이, 그 성능을 겸비하고 있는 것으로 추측할 수 있다.
상기 각 성분의 배합의 순서, 방법은, 특별이 제한은 없으며, 각 성분을 도시에 배합하거나, 단계적으로 배합하거나, 부분적으로 조합해서 배합된 것에 다른 성분을 배합하여도 좋다. 예를들면, [C]성분을 함유하는 접동면겸 금속가공유제를 제조할 경우에는, 사용하는 윤활유가, 이미 [C]성분을 함유하고 있는 것이라면, 이것과 [B]성분과 [D]성분을 배합해서 제조할 수 있으며, 또 필요에 따라 별도로 [C]성분을 배합해서 제조할 수도 있다.
본 발명의 접동면겸 금속가공유제는, 산화방지제, 소포제, 구리불 활성화제등의 기계공작용 윤활유에 통상적으로 첨가되는 첨가제를 함유하는 것이 바람직하다. 또, 필요에 따라, 상기의 다른 첨가제, 예를들면, 청정제, 점도조정제(예를들면, 점도지수향상제, 유동점강하제등), 방청용첨가제, 발수제, 점착제, 이장방지제, 착색제등을 함유하는 것이 있어도 좋다. 이들 첨가제의 첨가의 순서, 방법에는 특별한 제한은 없으며, 예를들면, 상기 윤활제의 미리 함유되어 있는 것이라도, 새로이 별도로 첨가되는 것이라도 좋다.
상기 산화방지제로서는, 예를들면 2,6-디-다=사리-부틸파라클레졸등의 페놀계화합물, 페닐-α-나프틸아민등의 아민화합물, 기타, 유황계화합물, 인계화합물등을 들수 있다.
상기 소포제로서는, 디메틸폴리실록산등의 실리콘화합물외에 알코올계화합물, 에스테르계화합물등을 들수 있다.
상기 구리불활성제로서는, 벤조트리아졸등의 트리아졸화합물외에, 티아졸계화합물을 들수 있다.
이상과 같은 방법으로 얻어진, 본 발명의 접동면겸 금속가공유제는, 그대로 원액을 접동면유로서 사용하며, 원액과 물등을 혼합한 수성혼합액, 유화액을 금속가공액으로서 사용할 수 있다.
이 수성혼합액 또는 유화액은, 예를들면, 상기 원액 1중량부당, 물을 2∼100중량부 배합하여 얻을수 있다.
이상과 같은 방법으로 제조할 수 있는 본 발명의 접동면겸 금속가공유제는, 원액을 접동면유로서 사용하였을 경우, 예를들면, 동마찰계수가 낮고, 또한 접동면의 면압이 높은 경우에도, 스틱슬립을 일으키는 일이 없는, 등 뛰어난 성능을 가지고 있으며, 한편, 그 원액 또는 물로 희석한 액을 절삭·연삭유제로서 사용하였을 경우, 예를들면, 내마모성이 현저하게 뛰어나고, 유화, 가용화성이 높은 그 안정성이 뛰어남으로, 수(水)계 유제로서 호적하게 사용할 수 있는 등의 뛰어난 성능을 가지고 있다.
또, 본 발명의 접동면겸 금속가공유제는, 상기 이점에 부가해서, 접동면유, 금속가공유제의 어느 것으로 사용하여도, 방청성, 내오일스테인성, 내부식성, 내균성(내박테리아성, 내곰팡이성), 내부패성등의 여러 가지 2차적 성능에 뛰어나다.
이상과 같이, 본 발명의 접동면겸 금속가공유제는, 접동면유로서의 성능이 뛰어남과 동시에 절삭·연삭유제로서의 성능도 뛰어난 겸용유이며, 따라서, 접동면유와 절삭·연삭유제를 사용하는 공작기계, 특히 접동면유를 전손식으로, 절삭·연삭유제를 순환식으로 사용하는 공작기계의 윤활시스템에 있어서, 접동면유겸 절삭·연삭유제로서 호적하게 사용할 수가 있다.
이때, 예를들면, 접동면유로서, 본 발명의 접동면겸 금속가공유제의 원액을 사용하고, 한편, 절삭·연삭유로서, 그 유화액을 사용할 수 있다. 이와같이, 접동면유와 절삭·연삭유제등의 금속가공유제에 기본적으로 동일조성이 뛰어난 겸용유를 사용함으로서, 사용중에 유제가 서로 혼입되는 일이 있어도, 각각의 유제성능이 저하하거나, 작동불량이 발생하는 등의 문제점을 해소할수 있다.
즉, 본 발명의 접동면경 금속공구유제는, 접동면유로서도, 절삭·연삭유등의 금속가공유제로서도, 또, 이들의 겸용유로서도, 호적하게 사용할 수 있는 뛰어난 공작기계용 윤활유제이다.
본 발명에 의하면, 동마찰계수가 낮고, 또한 접동면의 면압이 높은 경우에 있어서도 스틱 슬립을 발생하는 일이 없는등의 접동면유로서의 성능이 현저하게 향상된 접동면유이고, 동시에, 내마모성, 유화·가용화능, 및 그 안정성이 현저하게 향상된 절삭·연삭유제등의 금속가공유제이고, 또, 이들 성능에 부가해서, 방청성, 내부식성, 내오일스테인성, 내균성(내박테리아성, 내곰팡이성), 내부패성등의 2차적 성능이 현저하게 뛰어난 접동면유, 금속가공유제이며, 따라서, 원액을 접동면유로 하고, 원액 또는 그 물희석액을 절삭·연삭 유제등의 금속가공유제로 하여도, 각각 호적하게 사용할 수가 있고, 또한, 접동면유와 절삭·연삭가공유제등의 금속가공유제로 겸용해서 사용했을때에, 사용중에 유제가 서로 혼입하였다고 하여도, 각각의 성능저하를 발생하거나, 작동불량으로 되는일이 없음으로, 겸용유로서 호적하게 사용할 수 있는 등의 뛰어난 이점을 가진 접동면겸 금속가공유제를 제공할 수 있다.
또, 본 발명의 접동면겸 금속가공유제는, 통상, 윤활유의 경계윤활특성등의 특성의 향상에 필수적인 극압제등의 유성제를 반드시 함유하지 않는 경우 혹은 소량밖에 함유하지 않는 경우에 있어서도, 뛰어난 특성을 가지고 있음으로, 경제상, 제조상 유리하다.
이상의, 뛰어난 제특성, 사용상의 이점등은, 특정의 피페라진 화합물과 특정의 2염기산과의 반응생성물을 사용하고, 또한 각성분을 특정한 비율로 배합함으로서 얻게되는 것이다.
[실시예 1~6, 비교예 1~5]
표 1에 표시하는 각 성분을, 표시된 배합비율로 배합하여, 겸용유를 조제하였다. 이 겸용유원액 및 유화액을 사용해서 이하의 시험을 행하였다.
또한, 사용한 광유는 나프텐계 광유이며, 합성유는 α-올레핀올리고마이다.
{시험방법}
① 접동면시험
이데미쯔법[ASTM D 2877-70에 준거해서 조건을 이하와 같이 한 방법(일본국 이데미쯔 트라이보리뷰-Vol.1 No.2 P141-144에 기재되어 있는 방법)]에 의해 행하여 동마찰계수(μ)와 스틱슬립의 발생유무를 측정하였다. 또한, 조건은 다음과 같다.
면압 : 0.54kg/cm2
미끄럼속도 : 12mm/min 및 160mm/min
미끄럼면재질 : 베드 S45C 연마강판(JIS G 4051) 새들 FC-20 스크레이퍼면(JIS G 5501)
② 오일스테인 성능시험
상기 윤활조성물의 원액에 증류수 5중량%를 가해서 교반하여, 에멀션화한 액을 2매의 FC-20판(JIS G 5501)(30×70×10mm)에 끼워서 60℃의 온도로 5일간 유지하였다. 개방후, 오일스테인의 유무를 관찰하였다.
③ 구리판 부식시험
JIS K 2513에 준하여 행하였다. 단, 조건은 50℃×3시간에서 행하였다.
④ 절삭시험
초경팁(P20‥‥JIS B 4104)을 사용하여, 선반에 의해 절삭하는 시험을 행하고, 이때의 공구마모(마모폭)를 계측하였다. 또한. 시료는 3%에멀션을 사용하고, 절삭조건은 이하와 같았다.
재료 : 알루미합금주물 AC2A(JIS H 5202)
절삭속도 : 100m/min
이송량 : 0.1mm/rev.
절삭(깊이)량 : 2mm
절삭거리 : 4800m
⑤ 초기유화 안정성시험
100m1의 눈금실린더에 물 97m1을 취하고, 그 수면상에 상기 윤활조성물의 원액 3ml을 투입하여, 30분후 상층에 기름(원액)이 부유, 분리하고 있지 않는지(초기유화성)를 관찰하였다. 또, 수중에 유제가 분산 또는 용해한 경우(용량)(용해성)를 측정하였다. 또, 본 발명에 적용할 수 있는 원액은 상층에 기름이 분산하지 않고, 유제의 분산 또는 용해비율이 30ml이상인 것이 필요하다.
⑥ 방청시험
각 에멀션농도의 시료를 사용하여 절삭시험을 행하고, 7일후 피삭재(절삭분)의 녹의 유무를 관찰하였다.
또한, 절삭시험은 드릴링머시인에서 엔드밀공구를 사용하여, FCD-40재(JIS G 5502)를 절삭하므로서 행하였다.
Figure kpo00005
Figure kpo00006

Claims (15)

  1. 탄소수 16~24의 2염기산과 피페라진 화합물과의 반응생성물과, 윤활유와, 유화제를 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 접동면겸 금속가공유제.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 피페라진 화합물이, 제[1]식,
    Figure kpo00007
    (단. 상기 [1]식중, R1~R8은, 수소원자, 탄화수소기, 수산기, 할로겐원자, 알콕시기, 아미노기, 알킬아미노기, 디알킬아미노기, 알킬아미노알킬기, 디알킬아미노알킬기, 및 할로겐원자, 수산기, 알콕시기 및 아미노기로부터 선택되는 적어도 일종의 기를 치환하는 탄화수소기등을 표시하며, X는, 수소원자, 탄화수소기 및 수산기, 아미노기, 할로겐원자 및 알콕시기로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 일종의 기를 치환하는 탄화수소기를 의미한다.)으로 표시되는 접동면겸 금속가공유제.
  3. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 피페라진 화합물이, 제[2]식
    Figure kpo00008
    (단. 상기 [1]식중, R1~R8은, 수소원자, 탄화수소기, 수산기, 할로겐원자, 알콕시기, 아미노기, 알킬아미노기, 디알킬아미노기, 알킬아미노알킬기, 디알킬아미노알킬기 및 할로겐원자, 수산기, 알폭시기 및 아미노기로부터 선택되는 적어도 일종의 기를 치환하는 탄화수소기등을 표시하며, X는, 수산기 또는 아미노기를 의미한다. m는 1~5의 정수이다.)으로 표시되는 접동면겸 금속가공유제.
  4. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 피페라진 화합물이, N-(히드록시알킬) 피페라진 화합물 및/ 또는 N-아미노알킬) 피페라진 화합물인 접동면겸 금속가공유제.
  5. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 피페라진 화합물이, 탄소수 1~5의 히드록시 저급알킬기 및 탄소수 1~5의 아미노기함유의 저급알킬기로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 일종을 치환하는 것인 접동면겸 금속가공유제.
  6. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 피페라진 화합물이 N-(2-히드록시에틸) 피페라진 및/ 또는 N-(2-히드록시프로필) 피페라진의 어느 하나인 접동면겸 금속가공유제.
  7. 제1항에 있어서, 탄소수 16∼24의 상기 2염기산이 그 양말단 각각에 카르복실기를 치환하는 것인 접동면겸 금속가공유제.
  8. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 2염기산이
    Figure kpo00009
    인 접동면겸 금속가공유제.
  9. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 반응생성물이, 탄소수 16~24의 2염기산 1몰에 대하여 상기 피페라진 화합물 0.5∼10몰을, 실온~200℃에서, 5분간에서 120분간에 걸쳐서 반응시켜서 얻게되는 것인 접동면겸 금속가공유제.
  10. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 윤활유가 광유 및 합성유의 어느 하나인 접동면겸 금속가공유제.
  11. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 접동면겸 금속가공유제는, 또 극압제 및/또는 유성제를 함유하는 접동면겸 금속가공유제.
  12. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 윤활유에 상기 반응생성물 2∼60중량%, 상기 유화제 3~30중량% 및 극압제 및/또는 유성제 0~30중량%(이들 배합물전체를 100중량%로 함.)을 배합해서 이루어지는 접동면겸 금속가공유제.
  13. 탄소수 16~24의 2염기산과 피페라진 화합물의 반응생성물, 윤활유와, 유화제, 필요하면, 극압제 및/또는 유성제를 함유하는 접동면겸 금속가공유제를 공작기계의 접동면에 공급하고, 접동면겸 금속가공유제의 희석액을 금속가공부위에 공급하는 것을 특징으로 하는 공작기계의 윤활방법.
  14. 제13항에 있어서, 상기 피페라진 화합물이, 제[1]식
    Figure kpo00010
    (단, 상기[1]식중, R1~R8은, 수소원자, 탄화수소기, 수산기, 할로겐원자, 알콕시기, 아미노기, 알킬아미노기, 디알킬아미노기, 알킬아미노알킬기, 디알킬아미노알킬기 및 할로겐원자, 수산기, 알콕시기 및 아미노기로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종의 기를 치환하는 탄화수소기등을 표시하며, X는, 수소원자, 탄화수소기 및 수산기, 아미노기, 할로겐원자 및 알콕시기로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종의 기를 치환하는 탄화수소기를 의미한다.)으로 표시되는 공작기계의 윤활방법.
  15. 제13항에 있어서, 상기 피페라진 화합물이, 제[2]식
    Figure kpo00011
    (단. 상기[1]식중, R1~R8은, 수소원자, 탄화수소기, 수산기, 할로겐원자, 알콕시기, 아미노기, 알킬아미노기, 디알킬아미노기, 알킬아미노알킬기, 디알킬아미노알킬기 및 할로겐원자, 수산기, 알콕시기 및 아미노기로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종의 기를 치환하는 탄화수소기등을 표시하며, X는, 수산기 또는 아미노기를 의미한다. m는 1~5의 정수이다.)으로 표시되는 공작기계의 윤활방법.
KR1019870005771A 1986-06-09 1987-06-08 접동면겸 금속가공유제 및 이 접동면겸 금속가공유제를 사용한 공작기계의 윤활방법 KR900004510B1 (ko)

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