KR20200083550A - ACE-tRNA에 의한 유전자 재지정을 통해 정지 코돈을 구조하는 방법 - Google Patents
ACE-tRNA에 의한 유전자 재지정을 통해 정지 코돈을 구조하는 방법 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
도 2. tRNA는 T-아암, D-아암, 안티코돈-아암 및 수용자 아암을 포함하는 일반적인 4-아암 구조체를 갖는다. 이들 아암은 전체적으로 '루프'로도 지칭된다.
도 3. 넌센스 저해에 대한 ACE-tRNA (에이치. 사피엔스(H. sapiens) tRNATrp TGA ).
도 4. 기능성 ACE tRNA 서열을 확인하기 위해 사용되는 벡터에서 코딩된 안티-코돈 편집된 (ACE)-tRNA. 이 벡터 서열은 나노루시페라제 리포터 시스템을 포함한다. 도시된 벡터를 사용하여 TGA 저해에 의해 ACE tRNA를 확인하였다. TAA 및 TAG 변이체는 적절한 tRNA 스크리닝을 위해 사용되었다 (도 14 내지 17 참고).
도 5. 저해자 tRNA를 통해 정지 코돈을 갖는 단백질 및 이온 채널을 구조하는 개략도.
도 6a 및 6b. 인간 ACE-tRNA를 갖는 넌센스 코돈 구조. 도 6a. 안티-코돈 편집된 (ACE) Trp tRNA 및 cherry-TGA-eGFP-HA 구축물의 개략도. 도 6b. ACE 트립토판 tRNA #4에 의한 cherry TGA eGFP-HA 구축물의 구조.
도 7. 인간 질환에서 관찰된 넌센스 코돈 근거 및 유병률. 20가지 천연 아미노산 코돈을 인간 질환에 대한 그들의 기여에 따라 순위를 매겼고, 어두운 망상선 코돈은 가장 많은 유병률 (TGG, TAC, TAT, TCA, 및 TTA)이고, 반점 코돈은 가장 낮은 유병률이다. 모든 망상선 코돈 서열은 의도된 아미노산으로부터 정지 코돈으로 전환시키기 위해 단일 뉴클레오티드 돌연변이를 필요로 한다. 우측 패널, 낭성 섬유증 막경유 전도도 조절인자 (CFTR) 내에서 질환의 원인이 되는 가장 흔한 넌센스 코돈. 여기서, 신규한 tRNA 서열이 지정된 돌연변이의 복구를 위해 발견되었다.
도 8. 트립토판-TGA 및 글리신-TGA의 복구를 위한 tRNA 서열의 확인. 좌측 축은 루시페라제 활성에 대한 백그라운드보다 높은 배수를 나타낸다. 돌연변이성 안티-코돈 루프를 갖는 대부분의 tRNA는 구조 활성이 결여되어 있다.
도 9. Trpchr17.trna39 및 Glychr19.trna2 ACE-tRNA에 의한 CFTR 1282x 구조. 지정된 tRNA를 갖는 HEK 세포에서 공동 발현된 CFTR W1282X 채널의 생화학적 웨스턴 블롯 데이터. 지정된 tRNA의 4개 카피를 함유하는 발현 벡터는 CFTR 단백질의 보다 높은 구조를 나타낸다. "C" 밴드는 완전히 성숙한 글리코실화된 CFTR 단백질을 구조하는 것을 나타낸다. 사용된 항체는 1:1000 희석으로 시스틱 피브로시스 테라퓨틱스(Cystic Fibrosis Therapeutics)로부터의 M3A7이었다.
도 10a 및 10b. ACE-tRNATrp 및 ACE-tRNAGly의 발현은 넌센스 코돈으로 동족 아미노산의 특이적 도입을 일으킨다. 도 10a) 모델 단백질 히스티디놀 데히드로게나제 (HDH)-His-Strep N94-TGA 및 ACE-tRNATrp (좌측) 및 ACE-tRNAGly (우측)의 공동-발현은 친화도 정제 이후 은 염색에 의해 검출가능한 전장 HDH 단백질 (별표)을 생성한다. 도 10b) WT HDH (상부), HDH-N94 + ACE-tRNAGly (중간), 및 HDH-N94 + ACE-tRNATrp (하부)의 스펙트럼. 스펙트럼은 글리신 (-57Da) 및 트립토판 (+72Da)과 특이적으로 매칭하는 위치 N94에서의 아미노산 질량 차이를 강조하며, 이는 ACE-tRNA 동족 아미노산의 삽입을 나타낸다.
도 11. tRNA 라이브러리의 구축을 위한 클로닝 워크플로우.
도 12a-12b. t-스템 영역 내의 뉴클레오티드의 표적화된 돌연변이는 ACE-tRNA 구조 기능을 추가로 증강시킨다. 도 12a. Trpchr17.tRNA 39는 t-스템 영역 내에서 체계적으로 돌연변이를 일으켰다. 이러한 노력으로 ACE tRNA TS-10 52-62 G-C가 확인되었고 (도 12b), 플롯에서의 망상선 막대는 ~250% 증가된 생물학적 활성을 나타낸다.
도 13a-13f. ACE-tRNA는 넌센스 코돈에 대해 선택적이고, 아미노글리코시드 넌센스 저해에 비해 더욱 효율적이다. 도 13a) ACE-tRNATrp#5 및 도 13b) ACE-tRNAGly#16을 TGA, TAA 또는 TAG 넌센스 코돈을 함유하는 NanoLuc 리포터 플라스미드에 클로닝하였다. 형질감염 이후에 NanoLuc-TGA 구축물에서만 넌센스 저해를 측정하였다. 도 13c & 도 13d) 겐티마이신 (40uM) 및 G418 (150uM)의 첨가 및 ACE-tRNATrp#5 및 ACE-tRNAGly#16과의 공동 형질감염에 의한 NanoLuc-TGA의 저해를 HEK293 세포에서 도 13c) 24 시간 및 도 13d) 48 시간째에 측정하였다. 도 13e & 도 13f) NanoLuc-TGA를 안정하게 발현하는 HEK293 세포를 겐티마이신 (40uM) 및 G418 (150uM)로 처리하고, ACE-tRNATrp#5 및 ACE-tRNAGly#16에 의해 형질감염시켰다. 처리후 도 13e) 24 시간 및 도 13f) 48 시간째에 넌센스 저해를 측정하였다.
도 14. ACE-tRNA-Arg-TGA. 아르기닌-TGA 넌센스 코돈의 복구를 위한 ACE-tRNA의 확인.
도 15. ACE-tRNA-Gln TAG. 글루타민 TAG 넌센스 코돈의 복구를 위한 ACE-tRNA의 확인.
도 16. ACE-tRNA-Gln TAA. 글루타민 TAA 넌센스 코돈의 복구를 위한 ACE-tRNA의 확인.
도 17. ACE-tRNA-Glu TAG. 글루타메이트-TAG 넌센스 코돈의 복구를 위한 ACE-tRNA의 확인.
도 18. ACE-tRNA-Gln TAA. 글루타메이트 TAA 넌센스 코돈의 복구를 위한 ACE-tRNA의 확인.
도 19. ACE-tRNA-Trp TAG. 트립토판 TAG 넌센스 코돈의 복구를 위한 ACE tRNA의 확인.
도 20a - 20d. 소형 RNA로서 ACE-tRNA의 전달은 G542X 및 W1282X 넌센스 돌연변이의 강력한 저해를 뒷받침한다. 도 20a) G542X 또는 W1282X 낭성 섬유증 유발 넌센스 돌연변이를 갖는 CFTR cRNA를 각각 사전 폴딩된 ACE-tRNAGly 및 ACE-tRNATrp의 계열 희석액과 함께 크세노푸스(Xenopus) 난모세포에 공동 주사하였다. CFTR Cl- 전류의 2-전극 전압-클램프 기록을 36 시간 후에 수행하였다. 전류-전압 관계는, 도 20b) ACE-tRNATrp 및 도 20c) ACE-tRNAGly 사전 폴딩된 RNA의 양이 증가함에 따라 ACE-tRNAGly 실험에서 달성된 WT CFTR에 비해 CFTR 기능 (측정된 CFTR Cl- 전류)을 증가시킴을 나타낸다. 도 20d) G542X ACE-tRNAGly (채워진 원) 및 W1282X ACE-tRNATrp (개방된 사각형) 구조의 용량 반응 (+40mV에서 유도된 CFTR Cl- 전류는 +40mV에서의 WT CFTR Cl- 전류에 대해 정규화되었음). ACE-tRNAGly (EC50= ~20ng; 힐 상수 ~1.4)의 용량 의존성은 WT CFTR 수준에서 명백한 포화를 나타낸 반면에, ACE-tRNATrp는 우측으로 이동되어 있다 (EC50= ~94ng; 힐 상수 1.24).
도 21a-21b. 후보 안티코돈 편집된 tRNA (ACE-tRNA)를 확인하기 위한 넌센스 돌연변이 저해 스크리닝. 도 21a, 개략도는 ACE-tRNA와 번역 기구의 필요한 상호작용을 도시한다. 전달 후에, ACE-tRNA는 내인성 아미노아실-tRNA 신테타제에 의해 인식되고, 그들의 동족 아미노산으로 충전된다 (아미노아실화된다). 아미노아실화된 ACE-tRNA는 내인성 신장 인자 1-알파에 의해 인식되고, 이는 ACE-tRNA가 탈아실화되는 것을 방지하고, 조기 종결 코돈, 이 예에서는 UGA의 저해를 위해 아미노아실 ACE-tRNA를 리보솜에 전달한다. 도 21b, CcdB 음성 선택과 함께 골든 게이트(Golden Gate)를 이용하여 개별 ACE-tRNA를 고처리량 클로닝 넌센스 리포터 플라스미드에 클로닝하였다. 올인원(all-in-one) 플라스미드는 효소적 큰 비트와 필요한 C-말단 작은 비트 사이의 p.162에 UGA, UAG 또는 UAA PTC를 갖는 NLuc 루시페라제 리포터를 함유한다.
도 22 고처리량 클로닝 넌센스 돌연변이 리포터 플랫폼에 의한 ACE-tRNA 유전자 패밀리의 스크리닝. 지정된 안티코돈 편집된 PTC 서열을 내인성 안티코돈 서열로부터 하나의 뉴클레오티드인 각각의 ACE-tRNA 패밀리에 대해 시험하였다 (도 25). 다중 고성능 저해자 tRNA가 각각의 부류에 대해 확인되었다. 데이터는 정규화된 NLuc 발광의 측면에서 Log10 규모로 도시된다. 각각의 tRNA 데이터세트를 3회 수득하였고, 표 2에서 상응하는 ANOVA 통계 분석에 의해 SEM으로 나타낸다. 코딩된 개체 및 상응하는 tRNA 서열은 각각 도 26 및 표 9에 도시된다.
도 23a-23c 조작된 tRNA에 의한 동족 코딩 및 고충실도 저해. 도 23a, 히스티디놀 데히드로게나제 (HDH)의 트립신 분해 단편이며, 여기서 "X"는 저해된 PTC 코돈을 나타낸다. WT (상부), N94G (중간) 및 N94W (하부) HDH에 대해 지정된 y 및 b 이온의 질량과 함께 트립신 분해 단편의 MS/MS 스펙트럼. b9 이온 질량은 WT 아스파라긴으로부터 -57 Da 및 +72 Da의 예상된 질량만큼 이동되며, 이는 각각 ACE-tRNAGly 및 ACE-tRNATrp에 의한 동족 아미노산 글리신 및 트립토판의 코딩을 나타낸다. 도 23b, ACE-TGA - tRNAGly (Glychr19.t2)는 일시적으로 형질감염된 HEK293 세포에서 UGA 정지 코돈을 선택적으로 저해한다. 도 23c) ACE-tRNAGly 형질감염은 NLuc-UGA를 안정하게 발현하는 Hek293 세포에서 48 시간 인큐베이션 후에 겐타마이신 (40uM) 및 G418 (140uM) 둘 다를 능가한다.
도 24a-24b. 전사체-전체 3'UTR 상에서 ACE-tRNA의 리보솜 프로파일링. 도 24a, 3'UTR 상에서 리보솜 풋프린트 밀도를 재료 및 방법에 기재된 바와 같이 처리된 세포 대 대조군 (puc57GG 빈 벡터)의 판독치에 대한 log2-배수 변화로서 플롯팅한다. 전사체를 그들의 내인성 TAA, TAG 및 TGA 정지 코돈에 따라 그룹화하였다. 각각의 점은 전사체에 대한 2회 반복의 평균을 나타낸다. 오차 막대는 log2-배수 변화의 평균 ± SD를 나타낸다. 도 24b, 정규화된 리보솜 풋프린트 점유의 평균 log2-배수 변화를 전사체 (18,101 서열)의 정지 코돈을 둘러싸는 -50에서 +50 nt까지의 각각의 뉴클레오티드에 대해 플롯팅하였다. 그림은 리보솜 풋프린트의 5' 말단에서부터 리보솜 A-부위에서의 정지 코돈의 첫번째 염기 위치까지 ~15 nt 오프셋을 도시한다.
도 25. 일반적인 PTC에 대한 코돈 사용. 망상선은 뉴클레오티드 치환을 통해 정지 코돈으로 전환될 수 있는 가장 일반적인 코돈 및 상응하는 아미노산 유형을 나타낸다. 조작된 tRNA는 각각의 유형에 대해 개발되었다.
도 26. 숫자로 나타낸 ACE-tRNA 활성 플롯.
도 27. 글리신 tRNA 서열의 정렬. 21개의 tRNAGly 인간 서열은 tRNA 클레이드 사이에서 높은 서열 상동성을 입증한다. tRNA 영상에서의 패턴은 서열에서 패턴화된 박스에 상응한다.
도 28. 나노루시페라제에서 p.162에서의 측쇄 동일성은 활성에 영향을 미치지 않는다. 총 발광 활성을 부위마다 각각의 돌연변이에 대해 나타낸다.
도 29a-29c. 다중 종으로부터의 ACE-tRNATrp 서열 및 저해자 tRNA 돌연변이의 분석. 도 29a-29b. 서열 정렬. 도 29c. NLuc-UGA + ACE-tRNATrp/NLuc-UGA.
도 30a-30C. 히스티디놀 데히드로게나제 (HDH) His(8)-스트렙탁틴 발현 구축물은 HEK293 세포로부터 단백질의 효율적인 1-단계 단리를 가능하게 한다. 도 30a) HDH 발현 구축물의 단백질 서열. 밑줄 친 서열은 질량 분광법에 의한 범위를 나타낸다. 볼드체의 밑줄 친 아스파라긴 (아미노산 위치 94)은 ACE-tRNA 충실도를 결정하기 위해 TGA PTC에 돌연변이된 잔기이다. 이중 친화도 태그는 볼드체 이탤릭체로 나타낸다. 도 30b) Trpchr17.trna39 및 도 30c) Glychr19.trna2에 의해 PTC 저해 이후 HDH 단백질의 은 염색.
도 31. ACE-tRNATrp에 대해 정지 코돈 특이성이 유지된다. tRNA TrpTGA Trpchr17.trna39에 대한 저해 활성 36, 상부는 TrpTGA 저해자 tRNA에 대해 수행함, 도 22. 이 tRNA는 지정된 pNano-STOP 플라스미드와 공동 발현되었다.
도 32a-32d. ACE-tRNA는 아미노글리코시드 PTC 저해에 비해 더욱 효율적이다. 겐타마이신 (40uM), G418 (150uM)의 첨가, 및 PTC 리포터 Nluc-UGA를 안정하게 발현하는 HEK293 세포에서 Trpchr17.trna39 및 Glychr19.trna2에 의한 형질감염 24 시간 후에 측정된 도 32a) 미가공 및 도 32b) 정규화된 발광. 겐타마이신 (40uM), G418 (150uM)의 첨가, 및 HEK293 세포에서 Trpchr17.trna39 및 Glychr19.trna2에 의한 공동 형질감염 24 시간 후에 측정된 도 32c) 미가공 및 도 32d) 정규화된 발광.
도 33. RNA 또는 cDNA로서 전달 후에 ACE-tRNA 활성의 시간 경과에 따른 비교. ACE-tRNA가 pNanoLuc-UGA를 안정하게 발현하는 HEK293 세포에 전달되었지만, 세포 생존력에 대한 형질감염 시약의 효과를 감소시키기 위해 단지 5μl의 반응 혼합물만이 세포에 첨가되었다. RNA로서 전달된 ACE-tRNA (개방된 기호)는 cDNA 구축물 (폐쇄된 원)에 비해 PTC 리포터의 발현을 구조하는데 더욱 신속하였다. 그러나, ACE-tRNA 활성은 cDNA로부터 발현된 경우 48 시간에 걸쳐 계속 상승하였고, RNA로서 전달가능한 경우에는 감소하였다.
Claims (25)
- T-아암, D-아암, 안티코돈 아암 및 수용자 아암을 포함하는 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA)이며, 여기서 T-아암이 신장 인자 1-알파 1 (EF1알파)과 상호작용하는 뉴클레오티드를 갖는 T-스템을 포함하는 것인 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA).
- 서열식별번호: 1-538 중 어느 하나로 이루어진 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA)이며, 여기서 티미딘이 우라실로 교체된 것인 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA).
- 제2항에 있어서, tRNA가 서열식별번호: 4로 이루어지고, 티미딘이 우라실로 교체된 것인 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA).
- 제2항에 있어서, tRNA가 서열식별번호: 16으로 이루어지고, 티미딘이 우라실로 교체된 것인 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA).
- 제2항에 있어서, tRNA가 서열식별번호: 24로 이루어지고, 티미딘이 우라실로 교체된 것인 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA).
- 제2항에 있어서, tRNA가 서열식별번호: 33으로 이루어지고, 티미딘이 우라실로 교체된 것인 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA).
- 제2항에 있어서, tRNA가 서열식별번호: 38로 이루어지고, 티미딘이 우라실로 교체된 것인 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA).
- 제2항에 있어서, tRNA가 서열식별번호: 44로 이루어지고, 티미딘이 우라실로 교체된 것인 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA).
- 제2항에 있어서, tRNA가 서열식별번호: 48로 이루어지고, 티미딘이 우라실로 교체된 것인 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA).
- 제2항에 있어서, tRNA가 서열식별번호: 53으로 이루어지고, 티미딘이 우라실로 교체된 것인 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA).
- 서열식별번호: 56-60, 62-66, 84-86, 90-111, 113, 128-143, 147-149, 153-156, 161-174, 176, 178, 181, 184-186, 192, 196-197, 199-201, 205, 213-240, 246, 255-256, 258-285, 299, 305-312, 314, 318-332, 335-344, 346, 350-354, 357-360, 362, 365-370, 372-383, 388-390, 392, 394-401, 403-407, 414-416, 418, 422, 425, 428-433, 437, 444-445, 452, 455, 459-463, 470, 472-474, 476, 487-492, 525, 530-539, 545-550, 553-555, 561-563 및 567-579 중 어느 하나로 이루어지는 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA)이며, 여기서 티미딘이 우라실로 교체된 것인 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA).
- T-아암, D-아암, 안티코돈-아암 및 수용자 아암을 포함하는 변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA)이며, 여기서
(a) 안티코돈-아암은 트리-뉴클레오티드 안티코돈을 포함하고, 안티코돈은 5'-UCA-3'이고 TGA 정지 코돈을 인식하고, 수용자 아암은 아르기닌, 트립토판 또는 글리신에 작동가능하게 연결되거나;
(b) 안티코돈-아암은 트리-뉴클레오티드 안티코돈을 포함하고, 안티코돈은 5'-UUA-3'이고 TAA 정지 코돈을 인식하고, 수용자 아암은 글루타민 또는 글루타메이트에 작동가능하게 연결되거나; 또는
(c) 안티코돈-아암은 트리-뉴클레오티드 안티코돈을 포함하고, 안티코돈은 5'-CUA-3'이고 TAG 정지 코돈을 인식하고, 수용자 아암은 트립토판, 글루타메이트 또는 글루타민에 작동가능하게 연결되는 것인
변형된 전달 RNA (tRNA). - 제12항에 있어서, T-아암이 신장 인자 1-알파 1 (EF1알파)과의 상호작용을 증강시키거나 조정하는 합리적인 뉴클레오티드 교체를 포함하는 것인 변형된 tRNA.
- 제1항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항의 변형된 tRNA를 코딩하는 올리고뉴클레오티드 서열이며, 여기서 올리고뉴클레오티드가 150개 뉴클레오티드 미만의 총 길이를 갖는 것인 올리고뉴클레오티드 서열.
- 제1 올리고뉴클레오티드 서열 및 제2 올리고뉴클레오티드 서열을 포함하는 올리고뉴클레오티드이며, 여기서 제1 및 제2 올리고뉴클레오티드 서열은 제1항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항의 변형된 tRNA를 독립적으로 코딩하고, 제1 및 제2 올리고뉴클레오티드는 독립적으로 150개 뉴클레오티드 미만의 총 길이를 갖고, 두 서열이 나란히 있는 것인 올리고뉴클레오티드.
- 제15항에 있어서, 올리고뉴클레오티드가 DNA인 올리고뉴클레오티드.
- 프로모터, 및 제1항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항의 변형된 tRNA 또는 제14항 내지 제16항 중 어느 한 항의 올리고뉴클레오티드 서열을 코딩하는 핵산을 포함하는 발현 카세트.
- 제14항 내지 제16항 중 어느 한 항의 올리고뉴클레오티드, 또는 제17항의 발현 카세트를 포함하는 벡터.
- 제18항에 있어서, 벡터가 바이러스 또는 플라스미드 벡터인 벡터.
- 제1항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항의 변형된 tRNA, 제14항 내지 제16항 중 어느 한 항의 올리고뉴클레오티드, 또는 제18항 또는 제19항의 벡터, 및
제약상 허용가능한 담체
를 포함하는 조성물. - 제20항에 있어서, 담체가 리포좀인 조성물.
- 제18항 또는 제19항의 벡터를 포함하는 세포.
- 제20항 또는 제21항의 조성물을 정지-코돈-연관된 유전 질환의 치료를 필요로 하는 환자에게 투여하는 것을 포함하는, 정지-코돈-연관된 유전 질환을 치료하는 방법.
- 제23항에 있어서, 조기 정지 코돈과 연관된 유전 질환이 낭성 섬유증, 근이영양증, β-지중해 빈혈 또는 리들 증후군인 방법.
- 제20항 또는 제21항의 조성물을 세포에 도입시키는 것을 포함하는, 세포에서 넌센스 돌연변이를 포함하는 뉴클레오티드 서열로의 번역을 복원시키는 방법이며, 여기서 변형된 tRNA가 넌센스 돌연변이를 포함하는 뉴클레오티드 서열로의 번역을 복원시키는 것인 방법.
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