KR20080019333A - Method for producing microbial fermentation litter for livestock using mushroom medium - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for preparing litter fermented by microorganism for cattle is provided to obtain the litter which is able to inhibit the generation of harmful materials and foul odor from excrements and the generation of harmful pathogenic bacteria and maximize threshold value by increasing the digestion absorption rate when cattle takes it. A method for preparing litter fermented by microorganism for cattle comprises the steps of: (a) culturing microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, yeast fungus, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, Aspergillus, and Actinomyces respectively in a liquid state; (b) controlling the moisture of a litter raw material consisting of 40-70 wt.% of mushroom culture and 30-60 wt.% of a moisture controlling agent to 30-50%; (c) spraying 1-10 liters of the microorganism cultured in the liquid state obtained from the step(a) using an inoculation device into 1 ton of the raw material of the litter obtained from the step(b) to obtain the microorganism inoculated litter raw material; (d) mixing the microorganism strain uniformly in the microorganism inoculated litter raw material; and (e) culturing the liquid strain mixed with the litter raw material.

Description

Method for producing microbial fermentation litter for livestock using mushroom medium {.}

1 is a flow chart showing a manufacturing process of the present invention

The present invention relates to a high-quality microbial fermentation litter used in livestock barns, wherein the microorganisms adhered to the fermented litter continue active cell activity to reduce ammonia gas and volatile fatty acids, which are the main causes of the excretion of manure excreted in livestock houses. It removes harmful odors such as toxic ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and vercaptan produced from manure, and removes harmful substances such as amines (Aminc), which can reduce the activity of the immune system. By preventing the occurrence of pests and pathogens, eco-friendly livestock farming can be achieved by preventing diseases, improving the environment, and improving livestock stress.Some of the litter is ingested by livestock to infuse metabolic activity in the intestines, so that the existing litter is sprayed with probiotics. Mushroom medium that maximizes the efficiency of microbial fermentation litter with superior effect It relates to a method for producing microbial fermentation litter for livestock using.

Generally, a litter is placed on the bottom of the house to prevent abrasion of livestock, to prevent contamination and heat dissipation, to dilute manure and to absorb moisture to keep the inside of the house clean and dry, which is a pleasant living space for livestock to grow. In addition, because it is always laid on the bottom of the barn, the livestock is ingested directly in some cases, which directly affects the growth and development of the livestock.

Therefore, litter has a great influence on creating a pleasant livestock environment and is closely related to the productivity of livestock. In particular, live weight, feed efficiency, and income at shipment vary greatly depending on the choice of litter and suitability for management.

There are many types of litter used for livestock farming, but it is used as a moisture control material for composting of livestock and it is used for various purposes, resulting in unbalanced output and supply volume. The use of suitable litter material can increase the productivity and reduce operating costs.

The main raw material of such litter is to use the sawdust as the main raw material in order to control the moisture and deodorize the odor.

Domestic sawdust and imported sawdust may be used as the first sawdust generated from processing wood, but sawdust generated from imported timber is not preferable because of the high possibility of pesticide residues due to pharmaceutical treatment for salt and pest control. Has no concern for pesticides but has a higher production cost per unit weight than imported.

Sawdust, rice straw, rice husk, wood chips, etc. are used for the material considering the water absorption rate. Wood chips can be used as a moisture control material for fermentation, but when used as a litter material, the water absorption rate is low and flat living space cannot be created. Due to the large amount of inter-room space, cold air from the bottom of the barn can damage young livestock, and it is not desirable to use heavy waste containing paint, anti-corrosion and waterproof materials.

When the sawdust or rice straw as described above is used as it is placed on the bottom of the barn, there is a limit not only to prevent the occurrence of odor, but also to give little help to growth when the animal is tasting.

Thus, the probiotic was sprayed on the litter material to show the effect by the microorganisms, but the probiotics alone did not show comparable effects on the intestinal metabolic activity by the fermented microorganisms.

The present invention is to cultivate microbial agents such as lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, Aspergillus bacteria, etc., each of which has been proven effective in producing microbial fermentation litter for livestock, and then an appropriate amount for mushroom medium discarded as organic waste. By spraying and mixing, it is possible to suppress the generation of harmful substances, odors and harmful pathogens generated from the manure by heat treatment and fermentation, and fermented microbial litter which can maximize the titer by increasing digestion absorption rate when livestock is ingested To provide.

Technical features for producing fermented microbial litter for livestock using a mushroom medium according to the present invention is to harvest bottle mushrooms, bag mushrooms, box cultivated mushrooms and the like, and then to collect and sanitize the mushroom medium to separate and sort and then lactic acid bacteria, Microbial preparations such as Bacillus bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes and Aspergillus bacteria are cultured and inoculated and mixed with other litter moisture control agents to produce fermented microbial litter. Culturing each microorganism, such as bacteria, in a liquid state;

100 to 70% by weight of raw material of mixed mushroom medium, 30 ~ 60% by weight of moisture control agent selected from corn cope, sawdust, rice husk, palm pit (palm) and rice straw according to the target animal Controlling moisture of the raw material of litter so that the moisture content of 30% to 50%;

Lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, ascorgillus bacteria incubated in the liquid phase in the step using a inoculator in the step of spraying 1 ~ 10l strains per ton of raw material mixed with a moisture control agent to the mushroom medium in this step Obtaining a litter material inoculated with lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes and Asporgillus bacteria, respectively;

Uniformly mixing the microbial strain in each litter material in which the microbial strain is inoculated in the step;

The technical characteristics of the fermentation microorganism litter obtained by the step of culturing the liquid strain mixed in each of the litter raw material in the step.

The water absorption capacity of the litter material considering the water absorption rate is the highest with 272.4% of sawdust and the second highest with rice straw.

The average length of the rice husk is 6-7mm, the thickness is 2-3mm and the width is 3-4mm. Since the surface is hard, the water absorption is somewhat poor, so the absorption rate is only 125% before processing. In case of swelling, it shows 165% absorption rate, and in case of swelling, water absorption rate is improved to 205%. If water is passed through high speed rotating screw, it passes through friction and compressive friction generates heat of 160 ~ 200 ℃. In addition, when released into the air, the volume increases due to the rapid pressure drop and the tissue is destroyed, thereby increasing the air absorption between the tissues.

Moisture modifiers for livestock are 0-100% for corn and pigs, 0-100% for palmpit pellets, 0-100% for sawdust, 0-20% for rice hulls, 0-20% for rice hulls, 0-20% for rice straw, and other 0-10% For poultry, corncope 0-100%, palm pitt pellet 0-100%, sawdust 0-15%, chaff 0-20%, other 0-10%.

The mixing amount of the moisture control material is 0% means that a specific moisture control material may not be selected as the moisture control material is selectively used.

Each of the above-mentioned microorganisms are different in role and function, so using them separately or selectively using only two to three microorganisms may have less microbial effect. In addition, since the characteristics of microorganisms that decompose vary according to ammonia, protein, and the like that cause odors, it is more preferable to use a combination of several kinds of microorganisms.

The composition of these microbial strains is lactic acid bacteria 0-40%, Bacillus 0-40%, yeast 0-30%, bactericidal actinomycetes 0-20%, Aspergillus bacteria 0-20%, photosynthetic bacteria 0-15%, etc. Strain 0-10%.

The composition of the microbial strain is 0% means that a particular microbial strain may not be selected as the moisture control material is selectively used.

In the present invention, one or two or more fermentation microorganisms selected from lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, and Aspergillus bacteria obtained by the above-described production method are mixed with a raw material of a litter in arbitrary ratios and mixed uniformly. Will be used.

The present invention for achieving the above object is to collect bottled mushrooms, bag mushrooms, or box cultivated mushrooms after harvesting sanitary mushroom medium degenerated;

The mushroom medium is sorted in a separator having a drum having a maximum particle size of 10 mm or less, and the mushroom medium and foreign substances not passed are separated and discharged by vibrators or by hand; Mushroom medium and fungi, including fungi that failed to pass through the sorting machine, are shredded to 6 mm or less and transferred to a mixer using a transfer conveyor equipped with an automatic crushing device;

As a moisture control agent for controlling the moisture of the mushroom medium having a water content of 50 to 68% by mixing corncope, sawdust, rice hull, palm pitt pellets, rice straw to adjust the moisture of the raw material so that the moisture content of 30 to 50%;

At this time, when the raw material contamination, steam sterilization for 5 to 30 minutes at 120 ~ 125 ℃ in the moisture control mixing process before being introduced into the inoculation process;

Inoculating anaerobic fungi such as lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria in a liquid medium and incubating for 2 to 5 days while maintaining 20 to 40 ℃ anaerobic in a sealed container;

Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and photosynthetic bacteria cultured in liquid state were inoculated by spraying 1 ~ 10ℓ / ton with inoculator while mixing mushroom medium and moisture control agent. Mix in a mixer to mix;

Culturing the microorganisms in the raw material of the litter in a culture chamber equipped with a sterilization apparatus capable of sterilizing the inside of the culture chamber at a temperature of 65 to 80 ° C. for 6 to 8 hours;

In order to improve the nutrition of the raw material of litter obtained by cultivating microorganisms, a certain amount of additives such as sawdust, rice hull, palm pitt pellets, rice straw, etc. are added to each target litter in the process of transferring the litter material mixed with a single strain or a mixed strain microorganism. By mixing, the moisture is adjusted, packaged, and fermented secondary.

The microbial composition of fermented microorganisms can be used by each strain selectively, lactic acid bacteria 0-40%, Bacillus 0-40%, yeast 0-30%, microbial actinomycetes 0-20%, Aspergillus 0 ~ 20%, photosynthetic bacteria 0 ~ 15% is composed of other 0 ~ 10%, preferably a combination ratio to show the effect of balanced and even microbial strains lactic acid bacteria 15 ~ 20%, yeast bacteria 15 ~ 20% with respect to 100% of complex microorganisms 20%, Bacillus 15-20%, Photosynthetic bacteria 15-20%, Aspergillus bacteria 15-20%, Sterilized actinomycetes 15-20%, Other fungi 5-10%.

The medium used for mushroom cultivation contains many nutrients, but it contains a large amount of fiber, which makes it difficult for livestock to digest.However, during mushroom cultivation, the mushrooms absorb and break down the fiber, resulting in higher plasticizing nutrients in the mushroom by-products. The ratio of using nutrients such as minerals can be improved.

Lactic acid bacteria produce lactic acid during incubation with Lactobacillus, acidophilus, and Streptococcus lactis, a bacterium. Decreases, inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms by producing hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) and prevents soil diseases, in particular Lactobacillus promotes the removal of pathogenic microorganisms and cholesterol.

In addition, by producing various bioactive substances (vitamins, amino acids, nucleic acids, etc.), antibacterial substances, and anticancer substances, crops increase plant self-defense ability, and in the case of livestock, it shows stabilization of intestinal microflora, increased feed efficiency, and increased disease resistance. .

The strain of yeast is saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a major microorganism that generates heat during fermentation of farm by-products such as rice bran and bran, and has excellent ability to decompose organic matters and has excellent fermentation and viability under any adverse conditions. When sprayed on a barn, the odor removal effect is excellent. In addition, it produces a large amount of ingredients necessary for crop and livestock growth, such as amino acids and vitamins, to enhance palatability when the livestock is eaten.

Photosynthetic bacteria are bacteria that perform photosynthesis using sunlight like plants

It is also used as a microorganism for water purification in fish farms because of its excellent ability to purify contaminated dirty water. Strains mainly used in agriculture are the genus Rhodopseudomonas, which is classified as yellow non-sulfur bacteria. It has a high protein content, produces a large amount of various vitamins, minerals, physiologically active substances, antibacterial and antiviral substances, and grows by ingesting various odor generating substances such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and organic acids. By playing a role, it is a microorganism that can prevent gas generation damage caused by immature organic matter in the barn.

These photosynthetic bacteria are extremely anaerobic bacteria when they eat litter and activate the beneficial bacteria in the intestine of the livestock. The carotenoids contained in corn, etc., decrease the immune system activity and aging that occur during cell metabolism. It removes toxic oxygen, promotes the activity of T-cells to fight against pathogenic microorganisms, increases disease resistance, prevents disease, and protects and prevents aging of animal oviducts and increases reproduction efficiency.

Bacillus Subtillis and others are organic degradation microorganisms to improve the absorption in the intestine by converting the organic matter of the polymer into low molecules that are easily absorbed.Bacterium microorganisms isolated from traditional fermented food is a hydrolytic enzyme By promoting the activity of amylase, protease, etc., the fermentation and decomposition ability is greatly improved, which is effective in preventing diarrhea and stool of livestock.

Aspergillus is a fungus that is known to kill off the lingering taste and slack.

According to the present invention, useful fungi (saccharomyces cerevisinc), such as yeast, supply essential amino acids, vitamins, trace elements and various bioactive substances produced in cells, which can lead to a qualitative improvement in productivity and quality, and intestinal tracts. In addition to stimulating metabolism, the cell culture continued after manure was excreted to reduce ammonia gas and volatile fatty acids, which are the main causes of animal manure odor.

In addition, in the case of livestock, the microbial metabolism activates digestion to promote the full nutrition of the feed, and many enzyme-producing strains produce and activate digestive enzymes that enhance the fermentation of nutrients. Improve the utilization of feeds, such as synthetic breakdown of nutrients such as amino acids.

The microbial fermentation litter using the mushroom medium of the present invention is based on the fiber raw material cultured mushroom fungi, fermenting fungi such as lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, Aspergillus, which are beneficial to livestock In addition to being used as a litter, it can support the function of the feed.

Therefore, according to the present invention, by mixing the mushroom raw material and additives based on the fiber raw material cultured mushroom cells, fermented into fungi that are beneficial to livestock, and used as livestock litter for the appropriate combination of excellent nutrients and fermented bacteria of mushrooms and heat treatment process in manufacturing This can provide a good quality functional litter that can take full advantage of feed efficiency and probiotic benefits.

Looking at each step of the embodiment of the fermentation microbial straw produced by the present invention as follows.

1 is a flow chart showing a process for producing a fermentation microbial litter of the present invention.

By the flow chart will be described a process for producing a fermentation microbial litter of the present invention.

First stage (medium collection process, S10 )

After harvesting fruiting bodies by cultivating bottle mushrooms, bag mushrooms, or box cultivated mushrooms, sanitary waste mushroom medium is collected from bottles, bags or boxes, and the mushroom medium is sorted in a sorter equipped with a drum with a maximum particle size of 10 mm. Prepare the mushroom medium so that it can be transferred by the transfer controller.

Second step (preparation of fermentative microbial strain, S20 )

As bacterial fermentation microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus bacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria were mixed in a fermenter with 1 l of water and grains such as wheat flour 20g uniformly and sterilized at 115-126 ℃ for 30-90 minutes, and then about 20 After cooling to ℃, the seed is inoculated into the liquid medium on a clean bench, and then put in an airtight container for 2 to 5 days anaerobic culture in a culture chamber maintained at 25 ~ 35 ℃.

3rd step (moisture control, S30 )

In order to meet the conditions under which fermentation microorganisms can be cultivated in an optimal environment, a raw material containing 30 to 50% of moisture is prepared by mixing corncope, sawdust, rice husk, palm pit pellets and rice straw as a moisture control agent in a mushroom medium. do.

Since the ratio of the corn cope, sawdust, rice bran, palm pitt pellets and rice straw to be used to control the moisture is not necessarily limited, the mixing amount of these moisture control agents has a constant mushrooming ratio It is determined by the amount of increase and decrease by the moisture present.

The condition that satisfies the optimum moisture content is that if the moisture of the mushroom medium is 50 to 68% to 30 to 50% of the moisture is included in the composition.

4th step (inoculation process, S40 )

The mushroom medium mixed with the moisture control agent is added to the mixer, and the inoculator is inoculated by quantitative pressure injection of lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, Bacillus bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria by 1-10 l / ton.

At this time, if the medium is contaminated according to the condition of the medium, sterilize for 5-30 minutes at 120 ℃ with a steam sterilizer installed in the inoculator before inoculation.

7th step (mixing process, S50 )

Mix the moisture-controlled litter material with the density of the sprayed liquid strains to be even.

9th step (cultivation process, S18 )

Inoculation of litter material In order to cultivate the mixed liquid strains, the raw material of the litter is stored in a container made of a synthetic resin material such as PP, PE, a plastic pack, a closed tone bag, or a metal material such as general steel, stainless steel or aluminum.

At this time, lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria are anaerobic fungi that do not require oxygen, so use a sealed container to cut off the oxygen supply. Yeast, Bacillus, and photosynthetic bacteria are maintained at 20 to 40 ° C, and the fermentation microorganisms in the feed material are cultivated in a culture room equipped with a sterilization device capable of sterilizing the inside of the culture chamber for 6 to 8 hours at a temperature of 65 to 80 ° C. do.

The titers of the microorganisms used in the examples are shown in Table 1 below.

Total cell count Lactobacillus Bacillus bacteria Photosynthetic bacteria Etc 10³ ~ 10cfu 10³ ~ 10cfu 10³ ~ 10cfu 10³ ~ 10cfu 10³ ~ 10cfu

As a result of using the litter of the present invention, the floor is dry and does not smell, so the cost of litter is greatly reduced, as well as labor costs such as floor cleaning costs, thereby enabling eco-friendly livestock farming.

In addition, the use of antibiotics has been significantly reduced since the mushroom medium was fermented and reared.

In addition, the rearing of cattle with fermented microbial litter significantly reduced respiratory diseases and significantly increased immunity.

In the above embodiment, the microorganism used in the present invention is described as lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes may be used.

Actinomycetes have good immunity and anti-pathogenicity, but when used as a litter, secondary fermentation occurs and heat and gas are generated at 30 ~ 60 ℃, which may cause bad damage to livestock. In order to prevent this and to utilize the immune effect and anti-pathogenicity of actinomycetes, the actinomycetes are sufficiently fermented to block and inhibit the nutrient sources of actinomycetes, and the fermented actinomycetes are secondary fermented with other microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, and yeasts. After weakening the force, the immunological effect can be obtained from the killed actinomycetes, thereby enhancing pharmacological action.

The method of culturing such actinomycetes, in addition to the box culture method, by installing a forced oxygen supply device on the bottom of the sealed culture chamber, the mushroom medium inoculated thereon to a height of about 50 ~ 1000 Cm, 50 as a heat source initially with a steam boiler, etc. Maintaining the automatic control device at ~ 55 ℃ for 8 to 12 hours causes actinomycetes to generate their own heat. After 3 to 5 days of continuous supply of oxygen is natural fermentation culture.

Aspergillus bacteria are close to aerobic bacteria, but cultures are carried out even in aerobic conditions. The culture temperature is about 10 ~ 35 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 25 ℃. Good to do.

As such, the present invention enables the production of fermented microbial litter by using mushroom medium discarded as waste after mushroom cultivation in the past, such as beta glucan (β-Glucan) that the mushroom medium has when the livestock is ingested. Anti-cancer and immunomodulatory polysaccharides can be used as a supplementary means to prevent mad cow disease by acting to prevent the growth and metastasis of cancer cells by the animal's ingestion of immune function of cell tissues, the use of antibiotics remarkably In this way, the immunity to disease can be strengthened, and the effect can be enhanced, such as improving feed efficiency, improving weight gain, increasing retention rate, increasing reproduction success rate, and removing odor from the barn.

Particularly, microorganisms are inoculated and cultured with lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, and Aspergillus bacteria in a litter material containing mushroom medium as the main raw material. By not killing, there is an effect of use that can maximize the effect of the fermentation microorganisms.

In addition, since the moisture content of the mushroom medium has a water content of 50-70% optimized by itself, it is easy to cultivate the bacteria, and there is an effect on the manufacturing process that can shorten manufacturing costs and time.

Claims (4)

Culturing each microorganism in a liquid state; Adjusting the moisture of the litter material such that 40 to 70% by weight of the selected mushroom medium and 30 to 60% by weight of the moisture control agent are mixed with the moisture content of 100% by weight of the litter material; Spraying the selected microorganisms in 1 to 10 liters per tonne of litter raw material obtained in the above step by using an inoculator for the microorganisms cultured in the liquid state to obtain litter raw material inoculated with each microorganism; Uniformly mixing the microbial strain in each litter material in which the microbial strain is inoculated in the step; Method of producing a microbial fermentation litter for livestock using a mushroom medium, characterized in that it comprises the step of culturing the liquid strain mixed in each of the litter raw material in the step. The method for producing a microbial fermentation litter for livestock using a mushroom medium according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism is selected from lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, Aspergillus bacteria and actinomycetes. The method of producing a microbial fermentation litter for livestock using a mushroom medium according to claim 1, wherein the moisture control material is selected from corn cope, sawdust, rice hull, palm pitt pellets, and rice straw. The actinomycetes according to claim 2 are fermented in a primary manner and fermented by other microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus bacteria and yeasts in a state in which the nutrient sources of actinomycetes are blocked and suppressed, thereby weakening the forces of the cells and then killing them. Method for producing a microbial fermentation litter for livestock using a mushroom medium, characterized in that to obtain an antibody having an immune effect.

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