KR100514508B1 - 우레아로부터의 암모니아의 제조 방법 및 그의 용도 - Google Patents
우레아로부터의 암모니아의 제조 방법 및 그의 용도 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100514508B1 KR100514508B1 KR10-1999-7008675A KR19997008675A KR100514508B1 KR 100514508 B1 KR100514508 B1 KR 100514508B1 KR 19997008675 A KR19997008675 A KR 19997008675A KR 100514508 B1 KR100514508 B1 KR 100514508B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/08—Preparation of ammonia from nitrogenous organic substances
- C01C1/086—Preparation of ammonia from nitrogenous organic substances from urea
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/08—Preparation of ammonia from nitrogenous organic substances
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/026—Preparation of ammonia from inorganic compounds
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
온도-우레아 농도-암모니아 발생 | |||
용액 | 온도(℃) | 반응속도-(g/분, 암모니아) | |
증강제 없음 | 1.6 g V2O5 첨가함 | ||
우레아 10 g/H2O 100 g | 125135145155 | 0.0140.0270.0510.094 | 0.0170.0350.0670.124 |
우레아 20 g/H2O 100 g | 125135145155 | 0.0160.0320.0610.113 | 0.0210.0420.0810.149 |
우레아 40 g/H2O 100 g | 125135145155 | 0.0220.0430.0890.150 | 0.0280.0560.1070.198 |
Claims (79)
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- SNCR[선택적 비촉매적 환원(Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction)] 또는 SCR[선택적 촉매적 환원(Selective Catalytic Reduction)]에 의해 연소 기체 스트림으로부터 질소 산화물을 제거하거나, 또는 미립자 조건화를 위한 방법으로서,a) 110 내지 300℃의 온도에서 138 내지 3450kPa 게이지(20 내지 500psig)의 압력하에서 작동하는 가수분해 반응기 내에서, 우레아의 수용액, 또는 뷰렛 또는 카밤산 암모늄을 함유하는 우레아 혼합물을 현장에서 가열시켜 우레아, 뷰렛 또는 카밤산 암모늄이 없는 기체 암모니아-함유 생성물을 생성시키되, 상기 온도 및 압력이 반응기로의 열 유입에 의해 유지되는 단계;b) 상기 작동 압력에서 상기 기체 암모니아-함유 생성물을 액상 수성 반응 매질로부터 분리하는 단계;c) 상기 액상 반응 매질을 기체 암모니아 및 이산화 탄소로 더 전환시키기 위하여, 반응기 내에 유지시키거나, 상기 반응 매질의 적어도 일부를 상기 반응기(우레아 용해기) 내에 다시 재순환시키거나, 또는 공급 용액을 반응기로 재순환시키는 단계;d) 단계 b)에서 분리된 수성 암모니아 및 이산화 탄소-함유 생성물을 제어된 속도로 회수하는 단계; 및e) 연소 기체 스트림 중의 질소 산화물의 제어에서 또는 미립자 조건화를 위한 요건에 부합되는 속도에서, 기체 암모니아-함유 생성물을 연소 기체 스트림과 접촉시키는 단계를 포함함을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 57 항에 있어서,a) 110 내지 200℃의 온도로 가열되고 138 내지 3450kPa 게이지(20 내지 500psig)의 압력하에서 작동하는 가수분해 반응기 내에, 1 내지 76%의 고형분 농도를 갖는 우레아의 수용액 또는 뷰렛을 함유하는 우레아 혼합물을 공급하고, 그 안에서 우레아 및 뷰렛을 가수분해하여 암모니아, 이산화 탄소 및 물의 기체 생성물 스트림을 수득하는 단계;b) 상기 작동 압력에서 상기 기체 암모니아 및 이산화 탄소를 액체 수성 반응 매질로부터 분리하는 단계;c) 미반응 우레아, 뷰렛 및 중간 카밤산 암모늄의 기체 암모니아 및 이산화 탄소로의 추가 전환을 위해 액상 반응 매질을 반응기에 유지시키거나, 상기 반응 매질의 일부를 상기 반응기 내에 다시 재순환시키거나, 또는 공급 용액을 반응기로 재순환시키는 단계;d) 단계 b)에서 분리된 기체 암모니아 및 이산화 탄소-함유 생성물 스트림을 제어된 속도로 회수하는 단계; 및e) 상기 생성물 스트림을 상기 연소 기체 스트림 중의 질소 산화물과 접촉시키는 단계를 추가로 포함하는 방법.
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- 제 57 항에 있어서,a) 원소주기율표의 III-B, IV, V 및 VI-A족 원소의 산화물, 암모늄, 알칼리 금속염 또는 수산화물, 및 I족 원소의 수산화물, 탄산염 또는 중탄산염, b) 산성 또는 염기성 유형의 이온-교환 수지, 및 c) 활성화된 탄소, 실리카 및 알루미나로부터 선택되며 우레아 및 뷰렛의 가수분해 속도를 증가시키는 조성물을, 반응 매질 중에 포함시킴으로써, 기체 암모니아-함유 생성물을 형성하는 반응 속도를 증진시키는 방법.
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- 제 57 항에 있어서,수용액의 농도가 10 내지 76% 고형분인 방법.
- 제 57 항에 있어서,130 내지 170℃의 온도 및 138 내지 827kPa 게이지(20 내지 120psig)의 압력하에 조작하는 방법.
- 제 57 항에 있어서,배출되는 기체 암모니아 및 이산화 탄소 생성물을 60℃보다 높은 온도에서 유지시키는 방법.
- 제 57 항에 있어서,고체 우레아 또는 뷰렛-함유 우레아를 용해기 용기에서 정제수 중에 용해시킴으로써, 반응기로 전달된 공급 수용액을 제조하는 방법.
- 제 65 항에 있어서,가수분해 반응기 내의 액체 반응 매질의 일부를 회수하고 재사용을 위해 용해기에 다시 재순환시키는 방법.
- 제 58 항에 있어서,기체 생성물 스트림을 가압하에 60℃ 이상의 온도로 냉각시킴으로써, 반응기에 남아 있는 암모니아 및 이산화 탄소 생성물 스트림 중의 수증기 일부를 제거하는 방법.
- 제 67 항에 있어서,기체 암모니아 및 이산화 탄소 생성물 스트림으로부터 제거된 물을 회수하여 가수분해 반응기로 다시 재순환시키거나, 또는 우레아 공급 용액의 제조에 사용되는 물을 교체하는데 사용하는 방법.
- 제 67 항에 있어서,우레아 공급 용액을 응축기에 대한 냉각제로서 사용한 다음, 가열된 용액을 가수분해 반응기에 전달하는 방법.
- 제 58 항에 있어서,반응기 내의 압력을 반응기로의 열 유입 조절에 의해 제어 및 유지하는 방법.
- 제 58 항에 있어서,반응기의 공급 속도를 제어하는데 반응기 내의 액체 매질 내용물을 사용하는 방법.
- 제 58 항에 있어서,기상 압력에 의해 반응기 내의 압력을 모니터링 및 제어하되, 상기 기상 압력 게이지, 제어 밸브 및 연결 라인은 60℃보다 높은 온도로 가열되는 방법.
- 제 58 항에 있어서,액상 압력에 의해 반응기 내의 압력을 모니터링 및 제어하되, 압력 게이지 및 연결 라인의 온도는 주위온도 내지 반응기 용액의 온도인 방법.
- 제 58 항에 있어서,비상 압력 해제 밸브가 물-함유 덤프 탱크에 연결되되, 상기 탱크는 반응 용액을 냉각시켜 가수분해 과정을 중지시키기에 충분한 양의 차가운 물을 함유하는 방법.
- 제 57 항에 있어서,연소 기체 스트림 중의 질소 산화물을 제어하기 위한 요건 또는 암모니아를 사용하는 다른 공정에 부합되는 제어된 기상 암모니아 및 이산화 탄소 생성물 스트림의 유속을 제공하도록, 반응기 배출 제어 밸브를 제어하는 방법.
- 제 57 항에 있어서,암모니아 생성물을 제조하고, 암모니아 공급원으로부터 멀리 떨어진 다른 사용 위치에서 접촉시키되, 상기 위치에 우레아를 무수 벌크 형태로 운반하는 방법.
- 제 57 항에 있어서,암모니아 생성물을 제조하고, 암모니아 공급원으로부터 멀리 떨어진 다른 사용 위치에서 접촉시키되, 상기 위치에 우레아를 수중의 농축된 우레아 용액으로서 운반하는 방법.
- 제 57 항에 있어서,암모니아 생성물을 60℃ 이상의 승온에서 유지시키고, 연소 기체 스트림 중의 상기 질소 산화물과 접촉하기에 충분한 정도까지의 승온에서 유지시키는 방법.
- 제 57 항에 있어서,반응기 내의 압력을 일정하게 유지하도록 열 유입을 제어하되, 온도는 의존적으로 변하는 방법.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/822,932 | 1997-03-21 | ||
US08/822,932 US6077491A (en) | 1997-03-21 | 1997-03-21 | Methods for the production of ammonia from urea and/or biuret, and uses for NOx and/or particulate matter removal |
US8/822,932 | 1997-03-21 | ||
PCT/US1998/005708 WO1998042623A1 (en) | 1997-03-21 | 1998-03-20 | Methods for the production of ammonia from urea and uses thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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KR20010005610A KR20010005610A (ko) | 2001-01-15 |
KR100514508B1 true KR100514508B1 (ko) | 2005-09-15 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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KR10-1999-7008675A KR100514508B1 (ko) | 1997-03-21 | 1998-03-20 | 우레아로부터의 암모니아의 제조 방법 및 그의 용도 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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US (5) | US6077491A (ko) |
EP (2) | EP1417996A3 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP3791933B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100514508B1 (ko) |
AT (1) | ATE258820T1 (ko) |
AU (1) | AU6769898A (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2284292C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE69821505T2 (ko) |
DK (1) | DK1019321T3 (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2212280T3 (ko) |
PT (1) | PT1019321E (ko) |
WO (1) | WO1998042623A1 (ko) |
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CA2284292C (en) | 2003-01-07 |
EP1417996A3 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
WO1998042623A1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
US7220395B2 (en) | 2007-05-22 |
US6730280B2 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
US6077491A (en) | 2000-06-20 |
EP1019321A4 (en) | 2001-09-12 |
DE69821505T2 (de) | 2004-12-16 |
DE69821505D1 (de) | 2004-03-11 |
EP1417996A2 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
US6322762B1 (en) | 2001-11-27 |
EP1019321A1 (en) | 2000-07-19 |
US6506350B2 (en) | 2003-01-14 |
AU6769898A (en) | 1998-10-20 |
DK1019321T3 (da) | 2004-06-01 |
ES2212280T3 (es) | 2004-07-16 |
JP3791933B2 (ja) | 2006-06-28 |
US20020102197A1 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
US20030053943A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
ATE258820T1 (de) | 2004-02-15 |
PT1019321E (pt) | 2004-06-30 |
KR20010005610A (ko) | 2001-01-15 |
JP2001518047A (ja) | 2001-10-09 |
CA2284292A1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
EP1019321B1 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
US20040126294A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
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