KR100289666B1 - 반도체 세라믹 및 이로부터 제조되는 전자부품 - Google Patents
반도체 세라믹 및 이로부터 제조되는 전자부품 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100289666B1 KR100289666B1 KR1019990007109A KR19990007109A KR100289666B1 KR 100289666 B1 KR100289666 B1 KR 100289666B1 KR 1019990007109 A KR1019990007109 A KR 1019990007109A KR 19990007109 A KR19990007109 A KR 19990007109A KR 100289666 B1 KR100289666 B1 KR 100289666B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- barium
- semiconductor ceramic
- semiconductor
- ceramic
- oxide
- Prior art date
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical group [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Sb](=O)O[Sb](=O)=O LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBYNNYGGLWJASC-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Ba] XBYNNYGGLWJASC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003440 dysprosium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Dy]O[Dy]=O NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii,iv) oxide Chemical compound O1[Pb]O[Pb]11O[Pb]O1 XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFQXGXDIJMBKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxostrontium Chemical compound [Sr]=O UFQXGXDIJMBKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
- H01C7/022—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient mainly consisting of non-metallic substances
- H01C7/023—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient mainly consisting of non-metallic substances containing oxides or oxidic compounds, e.g. ferrites
- H01C7/025—Perovskites, e.g. titanates
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
시료번호 | B/Ti(B/β) | B/(Ba + Sm-Ti)(B/(α-β) | 첨가물 | 실온 비저항(Ω·㎝) | |
Ba원소량(mol) | B원소량(mol) | ||||
*1 | 0.001 | 0.5 | 0.00200 | 0.001 | 1000000 이상 |
*2 | 0.001 | 1 | 0.00100 | 0.001 | 1000000 이상 |
*3 | 0.001 | 2 | 0.00050 | 0.001 | 52000 |
*4 | 0.001 | 4 | 0.00025 | 0.001 | 67000 |
*5 | 0.001 | 6 | 0.00017 | 0.001 | 180000 |
*6 | 0.005 | 0.5 | 0.01000 | 0.005 | 2400 |
7 | 0.005 | 1 | 0.00500 | 0.005 | 960 |
8 | 0.005 | 2 | 0.00200 | 0.005 | 590 |
9 | 0.005 | 4 | 0.00125 | 0.005 | 950 |
*10 | 0.005 | 6 | 0.00083 | 0.005 | 2500 |
*11 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 0.02000 | 0.01 | 1800 |
12 | 0.01 | 1 | 0.01000 | 0.01 | 120 |
13 | 0.01 | 2 | 0.00500 | 0.01 | 45 |
14 | 0.01 | 4 | 0.00250 | 0.01 | 240 |
*15 | 0.01 | 6 | 0.00167 | 0.01 | 2600 |
*16 | 0.050.7 | 0.5 | 0.10000 | 0.05 | 1600 |
17 | 0.05 | 1 | 0.05000 | 0.05 | 85 |
18 | 0.05 | 2 | 0.02500 | 0.05 | 23 |
19 | 0.05 | 4 | 0.01250 | 0.05 | 72 |
*20 | 0.05 | 6 | 0.00833 | 0.05 | 1700 |
*21 | 0.05 | ∞ | 0.00000 | 0.05 | 1000000 이상 |
*22 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.20000 | 0.1 | 1200 |
23 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.10000 | 0.1 | 77 |
24 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.05000 | 0.1 | 16 |
25 | 0.1 | 4 | 0.05000 | 0.1 | 62 |
*26 | 0.1 | 6 | 0.01667 | 0.1 | 1100 |
*27 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.00000 | 0.5 | 1600 |
28 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.50000 | 0.5 | 260 |
29 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.25000 | 0.5 | 120 |
30 | 0.5 | 4 | 0.12500 | 0.5 | 350 |
*31 | 0.5 | 6 | 0.8333 | 0.5 | 2500 |
*32 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.40000 | 0.7 | 230000 |
*33 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.70000 | 0.7 | 12000 |
*34 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.35000 | 0.7 | 2900 |
*35 | 0.7 | 4 | 0.17500 | 0.7 | 9800 |
시료번호 | Ba0.998TiO3를 1 mol로 한 경우의 BaTiO3이외의 첨가물(mol) | B/β | B/(α-β) | 실온 비저항(Ω·㎝) | ||
α에 함유 | β에 함유 | B원소량 | ||||
40 | Sm2O3:0.001BaO :0.025 | - | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2 | 23 |
41 | La2O3:0.001BaO :0.025 | - | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2 | 25 |
42 | Nd2O3:0.001BaO :0.025 | - | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2 | 24 |
43 | Dy2O3:0.001BaO :0.025 | - | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2 | 23 |
44 | Y2O3:0.001BaO :0.025 | - | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2 | 32 |
45 | BaO:0.02905 | Sb2O5:0.001 | 0.0501 | 0.05 | 2 | 25 |
46 | BaO:0.02905 | Nb2O5:0.001 | 0.0501 | 0.05 | 2 | 24 |
47 | BaO:0.02905 | WO3:0.002 | 0.0501 | 0.05 | 2 | 34 |
48 | Sm2O3:0.001CaO:0.025 | - | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2 | 45 |
49 | Sm2O3:0.001Pb3O4:0.025 | - | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2 | 28 |
50 | Sm2O3:0.001BaO :0.025 | - | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2 | 35 |
51 | Sm2O3:0.001BaO :0.025 | SnO2:0.05 | 0.0525 | 0.05 | 2 | 29 |
52 | Sm2O3:0.001BaO :0.025 | ZrO2:0.05 | 0.0525 | 0.05 | 2 |
Claims (2)
- 소결된 반도체 티탄산바륨을 포함하는 반도체 세라믹으로서,상기 반도체 티탄산바륨은, 산화붕소; 바륨, 스트론튬, 칼슘, 납, 이트륨, 희토류 원소 중에서 선택된 적어도 하나의 금속의 산화물; 및 티탄, 주석, 지르코늄, 니오비움, 텅스텐, 안티몬 중에서 선택된 적어도 하나의 금속의 선택적 산화물을 함유하며,붕소 원자로 환원되는 상기 붕소 산화물은 다음의 관계식,0.005≤B/β≤0.50 및1.0≤B/(α-β)≤4.0을 만족하는 양으로 함유되며,여기서, α는 상기 반도체 세라믹에 함유된 바륨, 스트론튬, 칼슘, 납, 이트륨, 희토류 원소 원자의 총합을 나타내고, β는 상기 반도체 세라믹에 함유된 티탄, 주석, 지르코늄, 니오비움, 텅스텐, 안티몬 원자의 총합을 나타내는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 세라믹.
- 제 1 항의 반도체 세라믹 및 상기 반도체 세라믹 상에 형성된 하나 이상의 전극을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체 부품.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP05362698A JP3376911B2 (ja) | 1998-03-05 | 1998-03-05 | 半導体セラミックおよび半導体セラミック素子 |
JP10-53626 | 1998-03-05 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR19990077593A KR19990077593A (ko) | 1999-10-25 |
KR100289666B1 true KR100289666B1 (ko) | 2001-05-02 |
Family
ID=12948130
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019990007109A KR100289666B1 (ko) | 1998-03-05 | 1999-03-04 | 반도체 세라믹 및 이로부터 제조되는 전자부품 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6153931A (ko) |
JP (1) | JP3376911B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100289666B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1087720C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE19909087B4 (ko) |
TW (1) | TW432025B (ko) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000256062A (ja) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-09-19 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 積層型半導体セラミック素子 |
US6359327B1 (en) | 1998-03-05 | 2002-03-19 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Monolithic electronic element fabricated from semiconducting ceramic |
US6369709B1 (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 2002-04-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Terminal for libraries and the like |
JP2000124004A (ja) * | 1998-10-13 | 2000-04-28 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Ptcサーミスタ素子 |
CN100378032C (zh) * | 2005-11-21 | 2008-04-02 | 天津大学 | 钛酸钡基陶瓷电容器介质及其制备方法 |
JP5099782B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2012-12-19 | ニチコン株式会社 | 正特性サーミスタ磁器組成物 |
WO2012111385A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 正特性サーミスタ |
CN103204679A (zh) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-07-17 | 淄博宇海电子陶瓷有限公司 | 一种低温烧结且老化率低的pzt压电陶瓷材料及其制备方法 |
CN111971759B (zh) | 2018-04-17 | 2023-05-02 | 京瓷Avx元器件公司 | 用于高温应用的变阻器 |
CN113744942B (zh) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-11-21 | 东电化电子元器件(珠海保税区)有限公司 | 包括电阻器的电气部件以及包括该电气部件的电气电路 |
US20230260681A1 (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-08-17 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Electrical Component Comprising an Electrical Resistor |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4335216A (en) * | 1981-05-01 | 1982-06-15 | Tam Ceramics, Inc. | Low temperature fired dielectric ceramic composition and method of making same |
US4540676A (en) * | 1984-05-23 | 1985-09-10 | Tam Ceramics | Low temperature fired dielectric ceramic composition with flat TC characteristic and method of making |
US5296426A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1994-03-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Low-fire X7R compositions |
-
1998
- 1998-03-05 JP JP05362698A patent/JP3376911B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-03-01 TW TW088103066A patent/TW432025B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-02 DE DE19909087A patent/DE19909087B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-04 CN CN99103602A patent/CN1087720C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-04 US US09/262,573 patent/US6153931A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-04 KR KR1019990007109A patent/KR100289666B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19909087A1 (de) | 1999-09-23 |
CN1087720C (zh) | 2002-07-17 |
JPH11246268A (ja) | 1999-09-14 |
JP3376911B2 (ja) | 2003-02-17 |
KR19990077593A (ko) | 1999-10-25 |
DE19909087B4 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
TW432025B (en) | 2001-05-01 |
CN1228397A (zh) | 1999-09-15 |
US6153931A (en) | 2000-11-28 |
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