KR0150003B1 - 윤활유 - Google Patents

윤활유

Info

Publication number
KR0150003B1
KR0150003B1 KR1019900005866A KR900005866A KR0150003B1 KR 0150003 B1 KR0150003 B1 KR 0150003B1 KR 1019900005866 A KR1019900005866 A KR 1019900005866A KR 900005866 A KR900005866 A KR 900005866A KR 0150003 B1 KR0150003 B1 KR 0150003B1
Authority
KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
group
oil
lubricating oil
carbon atoms
salts
Prior art date
Application number
KR1019900005866A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
KR900016439A (ko
Inventor
신이치 아키모토
도루 야수코치
가주오 푸루세
시냐 오쿠무라
Original Assignee
오가모토 기네오
닛퐁 유시 가부시키가이샤
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 오가모토 기네오, 닛퐁 유시 가부시키가이샤 filed Critical 오가모토 기네오
Publication of KR900016439A publication Critical patent/KR900016439A/ko
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of KR0150003B1 publication Critical patent/KR0150003B1/ko

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M105/14—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms polyhydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/50—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing halogen
    • C10M105/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
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    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol, aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
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    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/40—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M133/48—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the ring containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C10M133/50—Morpholines
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    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/24—Polyethers
    • C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C10M145/36—Polyoxyalkylenes etherified
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    • C10M155/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M143/00 - C10M153/00
    • C10M155/02—Monomer containing silicon
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  • Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)

Abstract

내용없음

Description

윤활유
본 발명은 윤활유에 관한 것이다.
폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜 유도체는 다양한 적용 분야에서 윤활유로서 사용된다. 예를 들어 수용성 폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜 유도체는 유압유, 절삭유, 연마유, 기어오일 등으로 사용되며, 폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜(메트)아크릴레이트의 중합체는 수용성 윤활제(JP-A-56-47411)로서 사용되고 피마자유의 알킬렌옥사이드 부가 생성물을 에스테르화시켜 수득한 화합물은 금속-가공 오일(JP-A-57-207699)로써 사용되며, 유용성(oil-soluble) 폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜 유도체는 광유에 대한 점도지수 증진제(JP-A-53-44196), 냉각기 오일(JP-A-57-51795)등으로써 사용된다. 본 명세서에 사용된 용어 JP-A 및 JP-B는 각각 미심사 공개 일본국 특허원 및 심사된 일본국 특허 공보를 의미한다.
그런, 폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜(메트)아크릴레이트의 중합체 및 피마자유의 유도체는 이를 오랫동안 수용액의 형태로 사용하는 경우 성능이 변화되고, 유용성 폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜은 광유에는 잘 용해되나 물에는 불용성이고 물중에 광유 등을 유화시킬 수 없으므로 적용이 제한된다는 문제점을 갖는 결점이 있다.
따라서, 본 발명의 목적은 수성 용액, 오일성 용액 및 물-오일 에멀젼 형태로 사용될 수 있는 윤활유를 제공하는 것이다.
본 발명의 윤활유는 필수 성분으로서 일반식(1)의 화합물과 말레산 무수물, 말레산, 말레산염 및 말레산 에스테르중 하나와의 공중합체를 포함한다;
Figure kpo00001
상기식에서,
Z 는 2 내지 8개의 하이드록실 그룹을 갖는 화합물의 잔기를 나타내고, AO 는 각각 탄소수 2 내지 18의 1종 이상의 옥시알킬렌 그룹을 나타내며, 단 2종 이상의 옥시알킬렌 그룹이 존재하는 경우, 옥시 알킬렌 그룹은 블럭 또는 랜덤 배열로 서로 결합되고, R은 탄소수 2 내지 5의 알케닐 그룹을 나타내며, R1은 탄소수 1 내지 24의 탄화수소 또는 아실 그룹을 나타내고, a, b, 및 c 는 각각 0 이상이며, l 은 양의 정수이고, m 및 n은 독립적으로 0 또는 양의 정수이며, 단 l+m+n이 2 내지 8인 경우 n/(l+m)은 1/2 이하이고 al+bm+cn은 1 내지 1,000이다.
일반식(1)에서 Z로 나타낸, 2 내지 8개의 하이드록실 그룹을 갖는 화합물의 예는, 다가 페놀(예: 카테콜, 레소신, 하이드로퀴논, 및 플로로글루신), 다가 알콜(예: 에틸렌 글리콜, 프로필렌 글리콜, 부틸렌 글리콜, 도데실렌 글리콜, 옥타데실렌 글리콜, 네오펜틸 글리콜, 스티렌 글리콜, 글리세롤, 디글리세롤, 폴리글리세롤, 트리메틸올에탄, 트리메틸올프로판, 1,3,5-펜탄트리올, 에리트리톨, 펜타에리트리톨, 디펜타에리트리톨, 소르비톨, 소르비탄,소르비드, 소르비톨-글리세롤 축합물, 아도니톨, 아라비톨, 크실리톨, 및 만니톨), 당류(예: 크실로즈, 아라비노즈, 리보즈, 람노즈, 글루코즈, 프럭토즈, 갈락토즈, 만노즈, 소르보즈, 셀로비오즈, 말토즈, 이소말토즈, 트레할로즈, 슈크로즈, 라피노즈, 겐티아노즈 및 멜레지토즈) 및 상기 화합물의 부분적 에테르화 또는 부분적 에스테르화 생성물을 포함한다.
AO로 나타낸, 탄소수 2 내지 18의 옥시알킬렌 그룹의 예는, 옥시에틸렌 그룹, 옥시프로필렌 그룹, 옥시부틸렌 그룹, 옥시테트라메틸렌 그룹, 옥시스티렌 그룹, 옥시도데실렌 그룹, 옥시테트라데실렌 드룹, 옥시헥사데실렌 그룹, 및 옥시옥타데실렌 그룹을 포함한다. 이들중, 탄소수 2 내지 4의 옥시알킬렌 그룹이 특히 바람직하다.
R로 나타낸, 탄소수 2 내지 5의 알케닐 그룹의 예는 비닐 그룹, 알릴 그룹, 메트알릴 그룹, 3-부테닐 그룹, 4-펜테닐, 및 3-메틸-3-부테닐 그룹을 포함한다.
R1으로 나타낸, 탄소수 1 내지 24의 탄화수소 그룹의 예는 메틸 그룹, 에틸 그룹, 프로필 그룹, 이소프로필 그룹, 부틸 그룹, 이소부틸 그룹, 3급-부틸 그룹, 펜틸 그룹, 이소펜틸 그룹, 헥실 그룹, 헵틸 그룹, 데실 그룹, 운데실 그룹, 도데실 그룹, 이소트리데실 그룹, 테트라데실 그룹, 헥사데실 그룹, 이소헥사데실 그룹, 옥타데실 그룹, 이소옥타데실 그룹, 올레일 그룹, 옥틸도데실 그룹, 도코실 그룹, 데실테트라데실 그룹, 벤질 그룹, 크레실 그룹, 부틸페닐 그룹, 디부틸페닐 그룹, 옥틸페닐 그룹, 노닐페닐 그룹, 도데실페닐 그룹, 디옥틸페닐 그룹, 디노닐페닐 그룹, 나프틸 그룹, 및 스티렌화된 페닐 그룹을 포함한다. R1으로 나타낸, 아실 그룹의 예는 아세트산, 프로피온산, 부티르산, 이소부티르산, 카프릴산, 펠라곤산, 2-에틸헥사노산, 카프르산, 운데실렌산, 라우르산, 미리스트산, 팔미트산, 마르가르산, 스테이르산, 아라크산, 베헨산, 팔미톨레산, 올레산, 리놀레산, 리놀렌산, 에루크산, 이소팔미트산, 이소스테아르산, 벤조산, 하이드록시벤조산, 신남산, 및 갈산으로부터 유도된 것을 포함한다.
말레산의 염의 예는 알칼리 금속염(예:리튬염, 나트륨염, 칼륨염), 알칼리 토금속염(예:마그네슘염 및 칼슘염), 암모늄염, 및 유기 아민염을 포함한다.
유기 아민염의 예는 지방족 또는 방향족 모노아민염(예:메틸아민염, 에틸아민염, 프로필아민염, 부틸아민염, 펜틸아민염, 헥실아민염, 옥틸아민염, 2-에틸헥실아민염, 데실아민염, 도데실아민염, 이소트리데실아민염, 테트라데실아민염, 헥사데실아민염, 이소헥사데실아민염, 옥타데실아민염, 이소옥타데실아민염, 옥틸도데실아민염, 도코실아민염, 데실테트라데실아민염, 올레일아민염, 리놀아민염, 디메틸아민염, 트리메틸아민염, 및 아닐린염), 폴리아민염(예:에틸렌디아민염, 테트라메틸렌디아민염, 도데실프로필렌디아민염, 테트라데실프로필렌디아민염, 헥사데실프로필렌디아민염, 옥타데실프로필렌디아민염, 올레일프로필렌디아민염, 디에틸렌트리아민염, 트리에틸렌테트라아민염, 테트라에틸렌타아민염 및 펜타에틸렌헥사아민염), 알칸올아민염(예: 모노에탄올아민염, 디에탄올아민염, 트리에탄올아민염, 모노이소프로판올아민염, 디이소프로판올아민염, 트리이소프로판올아민염, 이들 아민의 알킬렌 옥사이드 부가 생성물의 염, 및 모노 또는 디아민의 알킬렌 옥사이드 부가 생성물의 염), 및 아미노산염(예:리신염 및 아르기닌염)을 포함한다. 알칼리 금속염, 암모늄염, 및 알칼올아민염이 특히 바람직하다.
말레산 에스테르의 예는 알콜(예: 메탄올, 에탄올, 알릴 알콜, 메트알릴 알콜, 프로판올, 이소프로판올, 부탄올, 이소부탄올, 3급-부탄올, 펜탄올, 이소펜탄올, 헥산올, 헵탄올, 2-에틸헥산올, 옥탄올, 노난올, 데칸올, 운데칸올, 도데칸올, 이소트리데칸올, 테트라데칸올, 헥사데칸올, 이소세틸 알콜, 옥타데칸올, 이소스테아릴 알콜, 올레일 알콜, 옥틸도데칸올, 도코산올, 및 데실테트라데칸올)과의 에스테르 및 이들 알콜의 알킬렌 옥사이드 부가 생성물과의 에스테르; 및 페놀(예: 페놀, 크레졸, 부틸페놀, 옥틸페놀, 노닐페놀, 도데실페놀, 카테콜, 레소르시놀, 하이드로퀴논, 및 플로로글루시놀)의 알킬렌 옥사이드 부가 생성물과의 말레산 에스테르를 포함한다. 또다른 말레산 에스페르의 예는 다가알콜(예: 에틸렌 글리콜, 프로필렌 글리콜, 부틸렌 글리콜, 도데실렌 글리콜, 옥타데실렌 글리콜, 네오펜틸 글리콜, 스티렌 글리콜, 글리세롤, 디글리세롤, 폴리글리세롤, 트리메틸올 에탄, 트리메틸올프로판, 1,3,5-펜탄트리올, 에리트리톨 펜타에르트리톨, 디펜타에리트리톨, 소르비톨, 소르비탄, 소르비드, 소르비톨-글리세롤 축합물, 아도니톨, 아라비톨, 크실리톨 및 만니톨), 당류(예: 크실토즈, 아라비노즈, 리보즈, 람노즈, 글루코즈, 프럭토즈, 갈락토즈, 만노즈, 소르보즈, 셀로비오즈, 말토즈, 이소말토즈, 트레할로즈, 슈크로즈, 라피노이즈 겐티아노즈, 및 멜레지토즈); 상기 다가 알콜 및 당류의 부분적 에테르화 또는 부분적 에스테르화 생성물, 또는 상기 다가 알콜 및 당류의 알킬렌 옥사이드 부가 생성물; 지방족 또는 방향족 모노아민(예:메틸아민, 에틸아민, 프로필아민, 부틸아민, 아밀아민, 헥실아민, 옥틸아민, 2-에틸헥실아민, 데실아민, 도데실아민, 이소트리데실아민, 테트라데실아민, 헥사데실아민, 이소헥사데실아민, 옥타데실아민, 이소옥타데실아민, 옥틸도데실아민,도코실아민, 데실테트라데실아민, 올레일아민, 리놀아민, 디메틸아민, 트리메틸아민, 및 아닐린)의 알킬렌 옥사이드 부가 생성물; 폴리아민(예: 에틸렌디아민, 테트라메틸렌디아민, 도데실프로필렌디아민, 테트라데실프로필렌디아민, 헥사데실프로필렌디아민, 옥타데실프로필렌디아민, 올레일프로필렌디아민, 디에틸렌트리아민, 트리에틸렌테트라아민, 테트라에틸렌펜타아민, 및 펜타에틸렌헥사아민)의 알킬렌 옥사이드 부가 생성물; 및 알킬올아민(예: 모노에탄올아민, 디에탄올아민, 트리에탄올아민, 모노이소프로판올아민, 디이소프로판올아민 및 트리이소프로판올아민) 및 이들 알칸올아민의 알킬렌 옥사이드 부가 생성물과의 말레산에스테르를 포함한다.
본 발명에 사용되는 공중합체는 일반식(1)의 화합물을 라디칼 촉매를 사용하여 말레산 무수물, 말레산, 말레산염, 또는 말레산의 에스테르와 공중합시켜 수득할 수 있다. 그러나 말레산 또는 이의 염 또는 에스페르와의 공중합체 경우에서는, 말레산 무수물과의 공중합체를 가수분해, 가수분해 후 중화 또는 에스테르화시켜 공중합체를 수득하는 것이 편리하다.
일반식(1)의 화합물과 말레산 무수물, 말레산, 말레산염, 또는 말레산 에스테르와의 공중합에 있어서, 일반식(1)의 화합물: 이의 공단량체와의 비는 중합가능한 이중 결합을 기준으로 한 당량으로 3:7 내지 7:3 이며, 1:1이 특히 바람직하다. 공중합을 수행함에 있어서, 상기 단량체와의 공중합에 대해 다른 단량체를 첨가할 수 있으나, 사용되는 다른 단량체의 양은 모든 단량체의 총량을 기준으로 하여 30몰% 이하이다.
이러한 다른 단량체의 예는 아크릴산, 메타크릴산, 이타콘산, 크로톤산, 이들 산과 1가 또는 2가 금속과의 염, 상기 산의 암모늄염, 상기 산의 유기 아민염, 및 상기 산과 탄소수 1 내지 24의 알콜, 다가 알콜, 또는 폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜과의 에스테르를 포함한다. 또다른 단량체의 예는 방향족 비닐 화합물 (예:스티렌 및 메틸스티렌), 할로겐화된 비닐 화합물(예: 비닐 클로라이드 및 비닐리덴 클로라이드), 올레핀(예: 이소부틸렌 및 디이소부틸렌), 비닐 아세테이트, 아크릴로니트릴, 및 아크릴 아미드를 포함한다.
공중합체의 중량 평균 분자량은 일반적으로 1,000 내지 2,000,000, 바람직하게는 3,000 내지 500,000 이다.
탄소수가 일반식(1)의 화합물의 중합성에 영향을 미치므로 R 의 탄소수는 2 내지 5가 적합하며, 탄소수가 너무 큰 경우 중합성이 불량해진다.
l 로 나타낸 R 의 수가 1인 경우, 선형 공중합체가 형성되고, 2 이상인 경우 가교된 공중합체가 형성된다.
n 은 0 내지 2의 범위일 수 있다. n 이 너무 큰 경우, 공중합 반응 동안 산과의 에스테르가 형성되기 쉬워, 생성된 공중합체는 고분자량을 가지므로 점도가 크고 물 및 오일중에서의 용해가 어렵다. 상기한 이유로 인하여, n 은 크지 않은 정수가 바람직하다. 따라서, l, m, 및 n 사이의 관계를 고려하여, 이들은 식n/(l+m) ≤1/2를 충족시켜야 한다.
a, b, 및 c 는 a≥0, b≥0, 및 c≥0이고 (al+bm+cn)은 1 내지 1,000, 바람직하게는 1 내지 300, 보다 바람직하게는 1 내지 100이다.
본 발명에서 사용되는 공중합체는 일반식(1)의 화합물의 AO에 함유된 탄소수, AO의 몰수, AO와 R1과의 조합, 및 일반식(1)의 화합물과 말레산 무수물, 말레산, 말레산염, 또는 말레산 에스테르와의 조합을 변화시킴으로써 친수성 또는 친지성으로 만들 수 있다.
본 발명의 윤활유에 사용하기 위한 공중합체는 다양한 특성을 가진 공중합체, 에를들어 물중에는 가용성이나 오일중에는 가용성이 아닌 공중합체, 오일중에는 가용성이나 물중에는 가용성이 아닌 공중합체, 및 물과 오일 모두에 가용성이고 유화되는 공중합체를 포함한다. 따라서, 본 발명의 윤활유는 다양한 적용분야에 사용될 수 있다.
본 발명에 사용되는 공중합체는 단독으로 윤활제로서 사용될 수 있으나, 광유, 동물성 또는 식물성 지방 및 오일, 합성 에스테르 오일, 실리콘 오일, 물, 에틸렌 글리콜, 프로필렌 글리콜, 글리세린 등과 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다. 이러한 경우, 중합체의 농도는 0.01 내지 80중량%, 바람직하게는 0.1 내지 50중량%이다. 공중합체가 냉각기 오일로 사용되는 경우, 오일은 냉각제, 예를들어 프레온 R-11(트리클로모노플루오로메탄), 프레온 R-12(디클로로디플루오로메탄), 프레온 R-22(모노클로로디플루오로메탄), 프레온 R-134a(1,1,1,2-테트라플루오로에탄), 및 프레온 R-152a(1,1,-디플루오로에탄)중에 가용성이어야 한다. 따라서, 공중합체를 평균 분자량 1,000 이하의 폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜 유도체와 혼합하여 냉각제 중에 가용성이도록 하여 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 이러한 폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜 유도체의 예는 폴리프로필렌 글리콜, 이의 모노- 또는 디알킬 에테르, 폴리옥시프로필렌 글리세롤 에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 폴리옥시프로필렌 글리콜(옥시에틸렌 그룹 함량 50몰% 이하), 이의 모노- 또는 디알킬 에테르, 및 폴리옥시에틸렌 폴리옥시프로필렌 글리세롤 에테르를 포함한다. 폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜 유도체가 2 종류 이상의 알킬렌 옥사이드의 부가 생성물인 경우, 이는 블럭 부가 생성물이거나 랜덤 부가 생성물일 수 있다.
필수성분으로서 일반식(1)의 화합물과 말레산 무수물, 말레산, 말레산염 및 말레산 에스테르 중 하나와의 공중합체를 포함하는 본 발명의 윤활유는 수용액, 에멀젼 및 오일 용액 형태로서 우수한 윤활 효과를 나타낸다.
따라서, 본 발명의 윤활유는 유압유체, 기어오일, 절삭유, 연마유, 프레싱유, 로울링유, 드로오잉유, 슬라이딩유 등과 같은 다양한 윤활유 적용분야에 사용될 수 있다.
본 발명은 하기 실시예로 더욱 상세히 설명된다.
표 1은 실시예 1 내지 4에 사용된 공중합체의 중량 평균 분자량 및 조성(단량체 비율)을 나타낸다.
Figure kpo00002
[실시예 1]
표 1에 나타낸 공중합체 1번 내지 5번을 기제 오일로서 사용하여 하기 제형에 따라 수성계 윤활제를 제조한다. 이렇게 수득한 윤활제의 특성을 평가한다. 비교하기 위하여, 공중합체 대신 기제 오일로서 통상의 폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜을 사용하여 제조한 윤활제에 대해서도 성능 시험을 수행한다.
Figure kpo00003
성능 시험의 결과를 표 2에 나타내었다. 표 2는 기제 오일로서 특정 공중합체를 사용한 본 발명의 윤활유가 성능이 우수함을 나타낸다.
[실시예 2]
표 1에 나타낸 공중합체 3번, 4번, 6번, 7번, 8번 및 9번을 사용하여 하기 제형에 따라 절삭유를 제조한다. 이렇게 수득된 절삭유를 하기 조건하에서 절삭 및 작업시험(JIS B-4012)을 수행한다. 수득된 결과를 표 3에 나타내었다.
Figure kpo00004
[실시예 2]
표 1에 나타낸 공중합체 3번, 4번, 6번, 7번, 8번 및 9번을 사용하여 하기 제형에 따라 절삭유를 제조한다. 이렇게 수득된 절삭유를 하기 조건하에서 절삭 및 작업시험(JIS B-4012)을 수행한다. 수득된 결과를 표 3에 나타내었다.
Figure kpo00005
비교하기 위하여, 폴리옥시에틸렌(7몰) 모노올레에이트를 공중합체 대신 사용하여 동일한 시험을 수행한다. 수득된 결과를 표 3에 나타내었으며, 각각의 절삭유의 성능을 하나의 절삭 기구로 절삭할 수 있는 시험 견본의 수로서 표현하였다. 표 3은 특정한 공중합체를 사용하는 본 발명의 절삭유가 매우 효과적임을 나타낸다.
Figure kpo00006
[실시예 3]
실시예 2에서 제형된 각각의 절삭유를 사용하여 절삭유 2중량% 및 이온-교환수 98중량%를 함유하는 에멀젼을 제조한다. 이렇게 수득한 에멀젼을 실시예 2에서와 동일한 조건하에 절삭 시험을 수행한다. 수득한 결과를 표 4에 나타내었다. 표 4는 본 발명의 윤활제가 에멀젼 타입의 절삭유의 형태로도 우수함을 나타낸다.
Figure kpo00007
[실시예 4]
표 5에 나타낸 조성물에 대하여, 프레온 R-12 및 프레온 R- 134a 중에서의 용해도 평가 시험 및 팀켄 마모 시험을 수행한다. 그 결과를 표 6에 나타내었다. 용해도 시험에서, 표 5에 나타낸 조성물 및 프레온을 유리로 된 가압 용기에 넣고, 용기내의 혼합물이 -5 내지 60℃의 온도에 걸쳐 희게 혼탁해 지는지 또는 혼탁해지지 않는지에 대해 가시적으로 시험한다. 백색의 혼탁이 발생한 조성물은 불용성인 것으로 판단한다.
표 6은 본 발명의 윤활유가 냉각제인 프레온 중에서의 용해도 뿐만아니라 윤활 성능도 우수함을 나타낸다.
Figure kpo00008
Figure kpo00009
본 발명을 이의 특정한 양태를 참조하여 상세히 설명하였으나, 당해 분야의 전문가에게는 본 발명의 목적 및 범위를 벗어나지 않으면서 다양한 변화 및 변형을 가할 수 있음이 분명할 것이다.

Claims (6)

  1. 필수성분으로서 일반식(1)의 화합물과 말레산 무수물, 말레산, 말레산염 및 말레산 에스테르 중 하나와의 공중합체를 포함하는 윤활유.
    Figure kpo00010
    상기식에서,
    Z 는 2 내지 8개의 하이드록실 그룹을 갖는 화합물의 잔기를 나타내고, AO 는 각각 탄소수 2 내지 18의, 1종 이상의 옥시알킬렌 그룹을 나타내며, 단 2종 이상의 옥시알킬렌 그룹이 존재하는 경우, 옥시알킬렌 그룹은 블럭 또는 랜덤 배열로 서로 결합되고, R 은 탄소수 2 내지 5의 알케닐 그룹을 나타내며, R1은 탄소수 1 내지 24의 탄화수소 또는 아실 그룹을 나타내고, a, b, 및 c 는 각각 0이상이며, l은 양의 정수이고, m 및 n은 독립적으로 0 또는 양의 정수이며, 단 l+m+n이 2 내지 8인 경우, n/(l+m)은 1/2 이하이고 al+bm+cn은 1 내지 1,000이다.
  2. (a) 일반식(1)의 화합물과 말레산 무수물, 말레산, 말레산염 및 말레산 에스테르 중 하나와의 공중합체 및 (b) 액체 매질을 포함하는 윤활유 조성물.
    Figure kpo00011
    상기식에서,
    Z 는 2 내지 8개의 하이드록실 그룹을 갖는 화합물의 잔기를 나타내고, AO는 각각 탄소수 2 내지 18의, 1종 이상의 옥시알킬렌 그룹을 나타내며, 단 2종 이상의 옥시알킬렌 그룹이 존재하는 경우, 옥시알킬렌 그룹은 블럭 또는 랜덤 배열로 서로 결합되고, R은 탄소수 2 내지 5 의 알케닐 그룹을 나타내며, R1은 탄소수 1 내지 24의 탄화수소 또는 아실 그룹을 나타내고, a, b, 및 c는 각각 0이상이고, l은 양의 정수이고, m 및 n 은 독립적으로 0 또는 양의 정수이며, 단 l+m+n이 2 내지 8인 경우 n/(l+m)은 1/2 이하이고 al+bm+cn은 1 내지 1,000이다.
  3. 제2항에 있어서, 액체 매질이 광유, 동물성 또는 식물성 지방 및 오일, 합성 에스테르 오일, 실리콘 오일, 물, 에틸렌 글리콜, 프로필렌 글리콜, 글리세린, 및 폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜 유도체로 이루어진 그룹중에서 선택되는 윤활유 조성물.
  4. 제2항에 있어서, 액체 매질이 수성 매질, 오일성 매질, 또는 수성 매질과 오일성 매질을 함유하는 에멀젼인 윤활유 조성물.
  5. 제2항에 있어서, 유압유체, 기어 오일, 절삭유, 연마유, 프레싱유, 로올링유, 드로오잉유, 슬라이딩유 및 냉각기 오일로 이루어진 그룹중에서 선택되는 윤활유 조성물.
  6. 제2항에 있어서, 조성물중의 공중합체의 함량이 0.01 내지 80중량%인 윤활유 조성물.
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BR9001925A (pt) 1991-07-30
DE69000787D1 (de) 1993-03-04
EP0399239B1 (en) 1993-01-20
JP2844804B2 (ja) 1999-01-13
KR900016439A (ko) 1990-11-13
EP0399239A1 (en) 1990-11-28
DE69000787T2 (de) 1993-07-01
JPH0347895A (ja) 1991-02-28

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