JPWO2020031869A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2020031869A1 JPWO2020031869A1 JP2020535721A JP2020535721A JPWO2020031869A1 JP WO2020031869 A1 JPWO2020031869 A1 JP WO2020031869A1 JP 2020535721 A JP2020535721 A JP 2020535721A JP 2020535721 A JP2020535721 A JP 2020535721A JP WO2020031869 A1 JPWO2020031869 A1 JP WO2020031869A1
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- region
- lithium
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 194
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- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 29
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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Abstract
Description
以下、第1LSXおよび第2LSX(以下、負極材料LSX、もしくは単に「LSX」とも称する。)に共通する事項について説明する。
プローブ:Varian 7mm CPMAS−2
MAS:4.2kHz
MAS速度:4kHz
パルス:DD(45°パルス+シグナル取込時間1Hデカップル)
繰り返し時間:1200sec
観測幅:100kHz
観測中心:−100ppm付近
シグナル取込時間:0.05sec
積算回数:560
試料量:207.6mg
リチウムシリケート相Li2SiuO2u+1の組成は、例えば、以下の方法により分析することができる。
負極は、負極集電体と、負極集電体の表面に形成され、かつ負極活物質を含む負極合剤層とを具備する。負極合剤層は、負極合剤を分散媒に分散させた負極スラリーを、負極集電体の表面に塗布し、乾燥させることにより形成できる。例えば、負極集電体の上に第2領域形成用の第2負極スラリーを塗布し、第2スラリーの塗膜の上に第1領域形成用の第1負極スラリーを塗布した後、第1負極スラリーおよび第2負極スラリーの塗膜を乾燥させればよい。乾燥後の塗膜を、必要により圧延してもよい。負極合剤層は、負極集電体の一方の表面に形成してもよく、両方の表面に形成してもよい。
正極は、例えば、正極集電体と、正極集電体の表面に形成された正極合剤層とを具備する。正極合剤層は、正極合剤を分散媒に分散させた正極スラリーを、正極集電体の表面に塗布し、乾燥させることにより形成できる。乾燥後の塗膜を、必要により圧延してもよい。正極合剤層は、正極集電体の一方の表面に形成してもよく、両方の表面に形成してもよい。
電解液は、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解したリチウム塩と、を含む。電解液におけるリチウム塩の濃度は、例えば0.5mol/L以上2mol/L以下が好ましい。リチウム塩濃度を上記範囲に制御することで、イオン伝導性に優れ、適度の粘性を有する電解液を得ることができる。ただし、リチウム塩濃度は上記に限定されない。
通常、正極と負極との間には、セパレータを介在させることが望ましい。セパレータは、イオン透過度が高く、適度な機械的強度および絶縁性を備えている。セパレータとしては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布などを用いることができる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンなどのポリオレフィンが好ましい。
[第1負極活物質の作製]
二酸化ケイ素と炭酸リチウムとを原子比:Si/Liが1.05となるように混合し、混合物を950℃空気中で10時間焼成することにより、式:Li2Si2O5(x=2)で表わされるリチウムシリケートを得た。得られたリチウムシリケートは平均粒径10μmになるように粉砕した。
SiO2相内にSi粒子が分散しているSiOz粒子(z=1、平均粒径5μm)を石炭ピッチ(JFEケミカル株式会社製、MCP250)と混合し、混合物を不活性雰囲気で、800℃で焼成し、SiOz粒子の表面を導電性炭素で被覆して導電層を形成した。導電層の被覆量は、SiOz粒子と導電層との総質量に対して5質量%とした。このようにして、表面に導電層を有するSiOz粒子(第2負極活物質の前駆体)を得た。
第1負極活物質7.5質量部と、第2負極活物質の前駆体3.0質量部と、第3負極活物質89.5質量部とを混合し、第1混合物を得た。第3負極活物質には黒鉛を用いた。第1混合物97.5質量部と、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(CMC−Na)1質量部と、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)1.5質量部と、適量の水とを混合し、第1スラリーを調製した。
リチウムニッケル複合酸化物(LiNi0.8Co0.18Al0.02O2)95質量部と、アセチレンブラック2.5質量部と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン2.5質量部と、適量のN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)とを混合し、正極スラリーを調製した。次に、アルミニウム箔の表面に正極スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して、アルミニウム箔の両面に、密度3.6g/cm3の正極合剤層が形成された正極を作製した。
非水溶媒にリチウム塩を溶解させて電解液を調製した。非水溶媒には、エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とを、3:7の体積比で混合した溶媒を用いた。リチウム塩には、LiPF6を用いた。電解液中のLiPF6の濃度は、1.0mol/Lとした。
各電極にタブをそれぞれ取り付け、タブが最外周部に位置するように、セパレータを介して正極および負極を渦巻き状に巻回することにより電極群を作製した。電極群をアルミニウムラミネートフィルム製の外装体内に挿入し、105℃で2時間真空乾燥した後、電解液を注入し、外装体の開口部を封止して、電池A1を得た。
第1領域中の第1負極活物質の含有量M1aおよび第2負極活物質の前駆体の含有量M2aを、それぞれ表1に示す値とした。
第1負極活物質の作製において、平均粒径10μmのリチウムシリケート(Li2Si2O5)と、原料シリコン(3N、平均粒径10μm)との混合質量比を調整し、第1LSX粒子中のシリコン粒子の含有量を表1に示す値とした以外、実施例1と同様にして電池A4〜A5を作製した。
第1混合物を、第1負極活物質7.5質量部と、第3負極活物質92.5質量部との混合物とした。第2混合物を、第1負極活物質4.5質量部と、第3負極活物質95.5質量部との混合物とした。上記以外、実施例1と同様にして電池A6を作製した。
第1混合物および第2混合物を、それぞれ、第1負極活物質6質量部と、第3負極活物質94質量部との混合物とした。上記以外、実施例1と同様にして電池B3を作製した。
第1混合物を、第1負極活物質4.5質量部と、第3負極活物質95.5質量部との混合物とした。第2混合物を、第1負極活物質7.5質量部と、第3負極活物質92.5質量部との混合物とした。上記以外、実施例1と同様にして電池B4を作製した。
0.3Cの電流で電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、その後、4.2Vの電圧で電流が0.02Cになるまで定電圧充電を行った。その後、0.2Cの電流で電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行い、このときの放電容量を初期容量として求めた。充電と放電との間の休止期間は10分とした。充放電は25℃の環境下で行った。
0.3Cの電流で電圧が4.15Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、その後、4.15Vの電圧で電流が0.02Cになるまで定電圧充電を行った。その後、0.5Cの電流で電圧が2.85Vになるまで定電流放電を行った。充電と放電との間の休止期間は10分とした。充放電は25℃の環境下で行った。
0.7Cの電流で電圧が4.15Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、その後、4.1Vの電圧で電流が0.02Cになるまで定電圧充電を行った。その後、0.5Cの電流で電圧が2.85Vになるまで定電流放電を行った。充電と放電との間の休止期間は10分とした。充放電は25℃の環境下で行った。
25℃の環境下で、0.3Cの電流で電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、その後、4.2Vの電圧で電流が0.02Cになるまで定電圧充電を行った。このようにして、SOC100%の電池を準備した。
25℃の環境下で、0.3Cの電流で電圧が3.748Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、その後、3.748Vの電圧で電流が0.02Cになるまで定電流充電を行った。このようにして、SOC50%の電池を準備した。
2 正極リード
3 負極リード
4 電池ケース
5 封口板
6 負極端子
7 ガスケット
8 封栓
11 負極集電体
12 負極合剤層
12a 第1領域
12b 第2領域
Claims (8)
- 正極と、負極と、電解液と、を備え、
前記負極は、第1負極活物質を含む負極合剤層と、前記負極合剤層が付着している負極集電体と、を有し、
前記第1負極活物質は、リチウムとケイ素と酸素とを含む第1リチウムシリケート相と、前記第1リチウムシリケート相内に分散している第1シリコン粒子と、を含み、
前記第1リチウムシリケート相における前記ケイ素に対する前記酸素の原子比A1:O/Siは、2<A1≦3の関係を満たし、
前記負極の前記負極集電体側よりも前記負極の表面側において、前記負極合剤層中の前記第1負極活物質の存在割合が大きくなっている、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記負極合剤層の前記負極の表面側から1/2の領域を第1領域とし、前記負極合剤層の前記負極集電体側から1/2の領域を第2領域とする場合、
前記第1領域中の前記第1負極活物質の含有量M1Aと、前記第2領域中の前記第1負極活物質の含有量M1Bとが、0≦M1B/M1A<1の関係を満たす、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記負極合剤層の少なくとも前記第2領域は、第2負極活物質を含み、
前記第2負極活物質は、リチウムとケイ素と酸素とを含む第2リチウムシリケート相と、前記第2リチウムシリケート相内に分散している第2シリコン粒子と、を含み、
前記第2リチウムシリケート相における前記ケイ素に対する前記酸素の原子比A2:O/Siは、3<A2≦4の関係を満たす、請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記第1領域および前記第2領域は、それぞれ前記第1負極活物質および前記第2負極活物質を含み、
前記第1領域における前記第1負極活物質および前記第2負極活物質の合計に対する前記第1負極活物質の質量比MAが、前記第2領域における前記第1負極活物質および前記第2負極活物質の合計に対する前記第1負極活物質の質量比MBよりも大きい、請求項3に記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記第1リチウムシリケート相の組成は、式:Li2SixO2x+1で表され、前記xは、1≦x≦2の関係を満たし、
前記第2リチウムシリケート相の組成は、式:Li2SiyO2y+1で表され、前記yは、1/2≦y<1の関係を満たす、請求項4に記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記質量比MAは、0.65以上0.71以下であり、
前記質量比MBは、0.50以上0.61以下である、請求項5に記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 初回充電前において、前記負極合剤層の少なくとも前記第2領域は、第2負極活物質の前駆体を含み、
前記第2負極活物質の前駆体の組成は、式:SiOzで表され、
前記zは、0.5≦z≦1.5の関係を満たす、請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記第1負極活物質中の前記第1シリコン粒子の含有量は、50質量%以上80質量%以下である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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US9742007B2 (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2017-08-22 | Sony Corporation | Active material, electrode, secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic apparatus |
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