JPWO2018181818A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZDHJFXIRJWDDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanic acid;nitrobenzene Chemical compound N=C=O.[O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VZDHJFXIRJWDDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CS(Cl)(=O)=O QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl chloroformate Chemical compound COC(Cl)=O XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAMGRBXTJNITHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl isocyanate Chemical compound CN=C=O HAMGRBXTJNITHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWKLZLBVOJRSOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl pyruvate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=O CWKLZLBVOJRSOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DBNQIOANXZVWIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1,1-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]methanamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(N(C)C)OC(C)(C)C DBNQIOANXZVWIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSLGQFIDCADTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1,1-dipropoxymethanamine Chemical compound CCCOC(N(C)C)OCCC NSLGQFIDCADTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPOZIJBDYFHEJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(ethyldiazenyl)-4-methylaniline Chemical compound CCN=NNC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 BPOZIJBDYFHEJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017144 n-butyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PVWOIHVRPOBWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl iodide Chemical compound CCCI PVWOIHVRPOBWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitramide Chemical compound N[N+]([O-])=O SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002921 oxetanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXJCBFBQEVOTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);dihydroxide Chemical compound O[Pd]O NXJCBFBQEVOTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAMUDJHXFNRLCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenthoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(SP(=S)(OC)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAMUDJHXFNRLCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IVRIRQXJSNCSPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl carbonochloridate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(Cl)=O IVRIRQXJSNCSPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCC(Cl)=O RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)O ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCOC JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQKDTTWZXHEGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl carbonochloridate Chemical compound CCCOC(Cl)=O QQKDTTWZXHEGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRGCWBWNLSTIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(Cl)(=O)=O GRGCWBWNLSTIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFZDAWIXETXKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenyl(prop-2-ynyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC#C)C1=CC=CC=C1 AFZDAWIXETXKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
上記式(1)中、Rは水素原子又は一価の有機基を示し、R1は水素原子又は炭素数1〜5の直鎖又は分岐してもよい、アルキル基若しくはアリール基を示し、同じマレイミド環上に2つあるR1は互いに同一でも、異なっていてもよく、2つあるR1が互いに結合して炭素数3〜6のアルキレンを形成してもよく、W1は単結合又は2価の有機基を示し、W2は2価の有機基を示し、Ar1は芳香族環を示し、L1は単結合、カルボニル、スルホニル又は炭素数1〜20のアルキレンを示す。
本発明の、特定構造を有するジアミン(本明細書では「特定ジアミン」と称することがある)を合成する方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、下記式(A1)で表されるニトロマレイミド化合物と、下記式(B1)で表されるジアミノ化合物とを反応させて下記式(C1)で表されるアミノニトロ化合物を得て、これを還元する方法を挙げることができる。
式(A1)の化合物を合成する方法に特に制限はないが、例えば、下記式(D1)で表される市販のニトロアミンに、無水マレイン酸誘導体を反応させる方法が挙げられる。
式(A2)の化合物を合成する方法に特に制限はないが、例えば、下記式(D2)で表されるジアミンに、特開2003−321531号公報又は国際公開公報2004/012735号パンフレット等に記載されている条件下で、無水マレイン酸誘導体を反応させる方法が挙げられる。
本発明の重合体は、上記ジアミンを用いて得られる。具体例としては、ポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリイミド、ポリウレア、ポリアミド等が挙げられるが、液晶配向剤としての使用の観点から、下記式(3)で表される構造単位を含む、ポリイミド前駆体、及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種であるとより好ましい。
ポリイミド前駆体中のX1は、重合体の溶媒への溶解性や液晶配向剤の塗布性、液晶配向膜とした場合における液晶の配向性、電圧保持率、蓄積電荷等、必要とされる特性の程度に応じて適宜選択され、同一重合体中に1種であってもよく、2種以上が混在していてもよい。X1の具体例をあえて示すならば、国際公開公報2015/119168の13頁〜14頁に掲載される、式(X−1)〜(X−46)の構造等が挙げられる。以下に、好ましいX1の構造を示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
式(3)で表される構造単位を含むポリイミド前駆体は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において、下記式(4)で表される構造単位、及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含んでいてもよい。
本発明に用いられるポリイミド前駆体であるポリアミック酸は、以下に示す方法により合成することができる。具体的には、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンとを有機溶媒の存在下で−20〜150℃、好ましくは0〜70℃において、30分〜24時間、好ましくは1〜12時間反応させることによって合成できる。上記の反応に用いる有機溶媒は、モノマー及び重合体の溶解性からN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、γ−ブチロラクトン等が好ましく、これらは1種又は2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。重合体の濃度は、重合体の析出が起こりにくく、かつ高分子量体が得やすいという観点から、1〜30質量%が好ましく、5〜20質量%がより好ましい。
本発明に用いられるポリイミドは、前記ポリアミック酸をイミド化することにより製造することができる。ポリアミック酸からポリイミドを製造する場合、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物との反応で得られた前記ポリアミック酸の溶液に触媒を添加する化学的イミド化が簡便である。化学的イミド化は、比較的低温でイミド化反応が進行し、イミド化の課程で重合体の分子量低下が起こりにくいので好ましい。化学的イミド化は、イミド化させたい重合体を、有機溶媒中において塩基性触媒と酸無水物の存在下で攪拌することにより行うことができる。有機溶媒としては前述した重合反応時に用いる溶媒を使用することができる。塩基性触媒としてはピリジン、トリエチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリオクチルアミン等を挙げることができる。中でもピリジンは反応を進行させるのに適度な塩基性を持つので好ましい。また、酸無水物としては無水酢酸、無水トリメリット酸、無水ピロメリット酸等を挙げることができ、中でも無水酢酸を用いると反応終了後の精製が容易となるので好ましい。
本発明に用いられるポリイミド前駆体であるポリアミック酸エステルは、以下に示す(1)、(2)又は(3)の製法で製造することができる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、前記のように製造されたポリアミック酸をエステル化することによって製造できる。具体的には、ポリアミック酸とエステル化剤を有機溶剤の存在下で−20℃〜150℃、好ましくは0℃〜50℃において、30分〜24時間、好ましくは1〜4時間反応させることによって製造することができる。エステル化剤としては、精製によって容易に除去できるものが好ましく、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドジメチルアセタール、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドジエチルアセタール、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドジプロピルアセタール、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドジネオペンチルブチルアセタール、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドジ−t−ブチルアセタール、1−メチル−3−p−トリルトリアゼン、1−エチル−3−p−トリルトリアゼン、1−プロピル−3−p−トリルトリアゼン、4−(4,6−ジメトキシ−1,3,5−トリアジンー2−イル)−4−メチルモルホリニウムクロリド等が挙げられる。エステル化剤の添加量は、ポリアミック酸の繰り返し単位1モルに対して、2〜6モル当量が好ましい。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンから製造することができる。具体的には、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンとを塩基と有機溶剤の存在下で−20℃〜150℃、好ましくは0℃〜50℃において、30分〜24時間、好ましくは1〜4時間反応させることによって製造することができる。前記塩基には、ピリジン、トリエチルアミン、4−ジメチルアミノピリジン等が使用できるが、反応が穏和に進行するためにピリジンが好ましい。塩基の添加量は、除去が容易な量で、かつ高分子量体が得やすいという点から、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドに対して、2〜4倍モルであることが好ましい。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを重縮合することにより製造することができる。具体的には、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを縮合剤、塩基、及び有機溶剤の存在下で0〜150℃、好ましくは0〜100℃において、30分〜24時間、好ましくは3〜15時間反応させることによって製造することができる。前記縮合剤には、トリフェニルホスファイト、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩、N,N’−カルボニルジイミダゾール、ジメトキシ−1,3,5−トリアジニルメチルモルホリニウム、O−(ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イル)−N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルウロニウム テトラフルオロボラート、O−(ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イル)−N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルウロニウムヘキサフルオロホスファート、(2,3−ジヒドロ−2−チオキソ−3−ベンゾオキサゾリル)ホスホン酸ジフェニル等が使用できる。縮合剤の添加量は、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルに対して2〜3倍モルが好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、式(1)で表される構造を有するジアミンから得られる重合体(特定重合体)を含む。また、本発明に記載の効果を奏する限度において、異なる構造の特定重合体を2種以上含んでいてもよい。また、特定重合体に加えて、その他の重合体、すなわち式(1)で表される2価の基を有さない重合体を含んでいてもよい。その他の重合体の種類としては、ポリアミック酸、ポリイミド、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレア、ポリオルガノシロキサン、セルロース誘導体、ポリアセタール、ポリスチレン又はその誘導体、ポリ(スチレン−フェニルマレイミド)誘導体、ポリ(メタ)アクリレート等を挙げることができる。本発明の液晶配向剤がその他の重合体を含む場合、全重合体成分に対する特定重合体の割合は5質量%以上であることが好ましく、その一例として5〜95質量%が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、前記液晶配向剤から得られる。液晶配向剤から液晶配向膜を得る方法の一例を挙げるなら、塗布液形態の液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、乾燥し、焼成して得られた膜に対してラビング処理法又は光配向処理法で配向処理を施す方法が挙げられる。液晶配向剤を塗布する基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、窒化珪素基板とともに、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板等を用いることもできる。その際、液晶を駆動させるためのITO電極等が形成された基板を用いると、プロセスの簡素化の点から好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならば、シリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極にはアルミニウム等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜付きの基板を得た後、既知の方法で液晶セルを作製し、該液晶セルを使用して得ることができる。液晶セルの作製方法の一例として、パッシブマトリクス構造の液晶表示素子を例にとり説明する。なお、画像表示を構成する各画素部分にTFT(Thin Film Transistor)等のスイッチング素子が設けられたアクティブマトリクス構造の液晶表示素子であってもよい。具体的には、透明なガラス製の基板を準備し、一方の基板の上にコモン電極を、他方の基板の上にセグメント電極を設ける。これらの電極は、例えばITO電極とすることができ、所望の画像表示ができるようパターニングされている。次いで、各基板の上に、コモン電極とセグメント電極を被覆するようにして絶縁膜を設ける。絶縁膜は、例えば、ゾル−ゲル法によって形成されたSiO2−TiO2からなる膜とすることができる。次に、前記のような条件で、各基板の上に液晶配向膜を形成する。
本実施例及び比較例で使用した化合物の略号、及び特性評価の方法は、以下のとおりである。
NMP:N−メチル−2−ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
GBL:γ―ブチルラクトン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
DA−1−1:下記式DA−1−1で表される化合物
DA−2:下記式DA−2で表される化合物
DA−3:下記式DA−3で表される化合物
CA−1:下記式CA−1で表される化合物
CA−2:下記式CA−2で表される化合物
(DA−1−1)の合成
1H−NMR(D6−DMSO、δppm):8.36(d、2H)、7.61(d、2H)、6.88(d、2H)、6.49(d、2H)、4.84(brs、2H)、4.20−4.25(m、1H)、2.91−3.00(m、1H)、2.65−2.83(m、3H)、2.54−2.61(m、2H)、2.37(s、3H)
1H−NMR(D6−DMSO、δppm):6.87(d、2H)、6.81(d、2H)、6.58(d、2H)、6.48(d、2H)、5.30(brs、2H)、4.83(brs、2H)、4.06−4.12(m、1H)、2.81−2.90(m、1H)、2.60−2.73(m、3H)、2.52−2.59(m、2H)、2.31(s、3H)
(DA−1−2)の合成
1H−NMR(D6−DMSO、δppm):8.38(d、2H)、7.62(d、2H)、3.81−3.87(m、1H)、3.03−3.14(m、1H)、2.56−2.66(m、1H)、2.66(brs、1H)、2.42(s、3H)
1H−NMR(D6−DMSO、δppm):8.32−8.44(m、4H)、7.73−7.81(m、2H)、7.58−7.68(m、2H)、4.93−5.13(m、1H)、3.00−3.37(m+s、2H+3H)
1H−NMR(D6−DMSO、δppm):7.19−7.25(m、2H)、6.83−6.88(m、2H)、6.53−6.62(m、4H)、5.93(brs、2H)、5.31(brs、2H)、4.50−4.90(m、1H)、2.98−3.20(m、3H)、2.71−2.96(m、2H)
(DA−1−3)の合成
1H−NMR(D6−DMSO、δppm):8.43−8.8.48(m、2H)、8.34−8.41(m、2H)、8.12−8.17(m、2H)、7.57−7.63(m、2H)、5.48−5.55(m、1H)、3.04−3.14(m、1H)、2.91−3.02(m、1H)、2.86(s、3H)
1H−NMR(D6−DMSO、δppm):7.42−7.48(m、2H)、6.80−6.86(m、2H)、6.61−6.68(m、2H)、6.54−6.60(m、2H)、6.10(brs、2H)、5.32(brs、2H)、5.14−5.20(m、1H)、2.66−2.79(m、1H)、2.60(s、3H)、2.51−2.59(m、1H)
以下の実施例又は比較例において、ポリアミック酸溶液の粘度は、E型粘度計TVE−22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE−1(1°34’、R24)で測定した。
ポリアミド酸溶液(PAA−1)の合成
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの50ml四つ口フラスコに(DA−1−1)を2.36g(7mmol)を加えた後、NMP25.0gを加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA−1 1.43g(6.58mmol)を加え、NMP2.8gを加えた後、更に50℃条件下にて12時間攪拌することでポリアミド酸溶液(PAA−1)を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の25℃における粘度は250mPa・sであった。
ポリアミド酸溶液(PAA−2)の合成
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの50ml四つ口フラスコに(DA−1−1)2.36g(7mmol)を加えた後、NMP24.6gを加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA−1 0.61g(2.8mmol)、CA−2 0.75g(3.9mmol)を加え、NMP2.7gを加えた後、更に50℃条件下にて12時間攪拌することでポリアミド酸溶液(PAA−2)を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の25℃における粘度は230mPa・sであった。
ポリアミド酸溶液(PAA−3)の合成
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100ml四つ口フラスコに(DA−2)5.73g(20mmol)を加え、NMP65.1gを加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA−1 4.14g(19mmol)を加えた後、NMP7.2gを加えた後、更に室温条件下にて18時間攪拌することでポリアミド酸溶液(PAA−3)を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の25℃における粘度は500mPa・sであった。
ポリアミド酸溶液(PAA−4)の合成
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの50ml四つ口フラスコに(DA−3)1.98g(10mmol)を加えた後、NMP26.0gを加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA−1 0.87g(4.0mmol)、CA−2 1.08g(5.5mmol)を加え、NMP2.9gを加えた後、更に50℃条件下にて12時間攪拌することでポリアミド酸溶液(PAA−4)を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の25℃における粘度は300mPa・sであった。
液晶配向剤(Q−1)の作製
実施例4で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA−1)7.5gを分取し、攪拌しながらNMP5.6g、BCS6.0g、3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを1重量%含むNMP溶液0.9gを加え、更に室温で2時間撹拌し液晶配向剤(Q−1)を得た。
液晶配向剤(Q−2)の作製
実施例5で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA−2)7.5gを分取し、攪拌しながらNMP5.6g、BCS6.0g、3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを1重量%含むNMP溶液0.9gを加え、更に室温で2時間撹拌し液晶配向剤(Q−2)を得た。
液晶配向剤(Q−3)の作製
比較例1で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA−3)7.5gを分取し、攪拌しながらNMP5.6g、BCS6.0g、3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを1重量%含むNMP溶液0.9gを加え、更に室温で2時間撹拌し液晶配向剤(Q−3)を得た。
液晶配向剤(Q−4)の作製
比較例2で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA−4)7.5gを分取し、攪拌しながらNMP5.6g、BCS6.0g、3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを1重量%含むNMP溶液0.9gを加え、更に室温で2時間撹拌し液晶配向剤(Q−4)を得た。
液晶配向剤を1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、電極付き基板(横30mm×縦40mmの大きさで、厚さが1.1mmのガラス基板。電極は幅10mm×長さ40mmの矩形で、厚さ35nmのITO電極)に、スピンコート法により塗布した。50℃のホットプレート上で5分間乾燥させた後、230℃のIR式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させて液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。この液晶配向膜をレーヨン布(吉川化工製YA−20R)でラビング(ローラー直径:120mm、ローラー回転数:1000rpm、移動速度:20mm/sec、押し込み長:0.4mm)した後、純水中にて1分間超音波照射をして洗浄を行い、エアブローにて水滴を除去した後、80℃で15分間乾燥して液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。
上記[イオン密度測定用液晶セルの作製]に記載の方法で作製した液晶セルについて、イオン密度の測定を行った。イオン密度の測定においては、液晶セルに電圧±10V、周波数0.01Hzの三角波を印加した時のイオン密度を測定した。測定温度は60℃で行った。測定装置は、東陽テクニカ社製6256型液晶物性評価装置を用いた。イオン密度の測定は液晶セル作製後及び、液晶セルを60℃、90%の高温高湿条件下で120時間エージングした後にて実施した。なお、イオン密度は、実施例6の液晶配向剤(Q−1)を用いて作製した液晶セルと、比較例3の液晶配向剤(Q−3)を用いて作製した液晶セルと、について測定した。
初めに電極付きの基板を準備した。基板は、30mm×35mmの大きさで、厚さが0.7mmのガラス基板である。基板上には第1層目として対向電極を構成する、ベタ状のパターンを備えたIZO電極が形成されている。第1層目の対向電極の上には第2層目として、CVD法により成膜されたSiN(窒化珪素)膜が形成されている。第2層目のSiN膜の膜厚は500nmであり、層間絶縁膜として機能する。第2層目のSiN膜の上には、第3層目としてIZO膜をパターニングして形成された櫛歯状の画素電極が配置され、第1画素及び第2画素の2つの画素を形成している。各画素のサイズは、縦10mmで横約5mmである。このとき、第1層目の対向電極と第3層目の画素電極とは、第2層目のSiN膜の作用により電気的に絶縁されている。
この液晶セルを用い、60℃の恒温環境下、周波数30Hzで10VPPの交流電圧を168時間印加した。その後、液晶セルの画素電極と対向電極との間を短絡させた状態にし、そのまま室温に一日放置した。放置の後、液晶セルを偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に設置し、電圧無印加の状態でバックライトを点灯させておき、透過光の輝度が最も小さくなるように液晶セルの配置角度を調整した。そして、第1画素の第2領域が最も暗くなる角度から第1領域が最も暗くなる角度まで液晶セルを回転させたときの回転角度を角度Δとして算出した。第2画素でも同様に、第2領域と第1領域とを比較し、同様の角度Δを算出した。そして、第1画素と第2画素の角度Δ値の平均値を液晶セルの角度Δとして算出した。この液晶セルの角度Δの値が0.15°以下のものを良好、0.15°より高いものを不良として評価した。
上記液晶セルを、偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に設置し、画素電極と対向電極とを短絡して同電位にした状態で、2枚の偏光板の下からLEDバックライトを照射しておき、2枚の偏光板の上で測定するLEDバックライト透過光の輝度が最小となるように、液晶セルの角度を調節した。次に、この液晶セルに周波数30Hzの矩形波を印加しながら、23℃の温度下でのV−T特性(電圧−透過率特性)を測定し、相対透過率が23%となる交流電圧を算出した。この交流電圧は電圧に対する輝度の変化が大きい領域に相当するため、蓄積電荷を輝度を介して評価するのに都合がよい。
実施例6〜7及び比較例3〜4の液晶配向剤Q1〜Q4を用いて、イオン密度測定、液晶配向の安定性評価及び蓄積電荷の緩和特性の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。表中、液晶配向剤Q1〜Q2を用いて作製した液晶セルを各々実施例8〜9とし、液晶配向剤Q3〜Q4を用いて作製した液晶セルを各々比較例5〜6としてある。
Claims (12)
- 前記Ar1が1,3−フェニレン基又は1,4−フェニレン基である請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記W1が単結合である請求項1又は2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(3)で表される構造単位が、前記重合体の全構造単位に対して10モル%以上である、請求項4〜7のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項9に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
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