JPWO2017145940A1 - 複合材料、導電性材料、導電性粒子及び導電性フィルム - Google Patents
複合材料、導電性材料、導電性粒子及び導電性フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2017145940A1 JPWO2017145940A1 JP2018501639A JP2018501639A JPWO2017145940A1 JP WO2017145940 A1 JPWO2017145940 A1 JP WO2017145940A1 JP 2018501639 A JP2018501639 A JP 2018501639A JP 2018501639 A JP2018501639 A JP 2018501639A JP WO2017145940 A1 JPWO2017145940 A1 JP WO2017145940A1
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Abstract
Description
本願発明に係る複合材料は、炭素材料と、導電性分散剤とを含む。上記導電性分散剤は、上記炭素材料に物理的又は化学的に結合されている。本願発明に係る複合材料は、炭素材料と、該炭素材料に物理的又は化学的に結合されている導電性分散剤とを含むので、例えばトルエンなどの有機溶媒中における分散性に優れており、しかも導電性が高められている。
炭素材料としては、特に限定されず、グラフェン、カーボンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、黒鉛又は薄片化黒鉛等が挙げられる。炭素材料の形状としては、特に限定されないが、ガスバリア性をより一層高める観点から、平板状であることが好ましい。そのため、上記炭素材料としては、グラフェン又は薄片化黒鉛であることが好ましい。
導電性分散剤は、炭素材料に物理的又は化学的に結合されている。なお、本発明において、物理的に結合されているとは、ファンデルワールス力などにより結合又は吸着されている状態のことをいう。また、化学的に結合されているとは、共有結合やイオン結合などの化学結合により結合または吸着されている状態のことをいう。
本発明に係る複合材料は、例えば、以下の方法により製造することができる。
本発明に係る導電性材料は、基材と、上述した本発明の複合材料からなる複合材料層とを備える。上記基材の表面の少なくとも一部は、複合材料層により被覆されている。なお、上記基材の表面の一部が複合材料層により被覆されていてもよいし、基材の表面の全部が複合材料層により被覆されていてもよい。
本発明に係る導電性粒子の広い局面では、基材粒子と、上述した本発明の複合材料からなる複合材料層とを備える。上記基材粒子の表面の少なくとも一部は、複合材料層により被覆されている。なお、上記基材粒子の表面の一部が複合材料層により被覆されていてもよいし、基材粒子の表面の全部が複合材料層により被覆されていてもよい。
本発明の導電性フィルムは、上述した本発明に従って構成される複合材料からなる。従って、本発明の導電性フィルムは、導電性やガスバリア性が高められている。また、上記複合材料は、ガスバリア性に優れているので、本発明の導電性フィルムでは、たとえ酸化しても導電性が低下し難いという特徴を有している。このような導電性フィルムは、例えば、上記複合材料を溶媒中に分散させた分散液を、吸引ろ過することにより得ることができる。
非特許文献:S. Tamba, et al., J. Am. Chem. Sci., 133, 9700 (2011)に記載の合成方法に従って、下記の数平均分子量(Mn)及び多分散度(Mw/Mn)のポリ(3−へキシルチオフェン)(P3HT)を重合した。
P3HT−2…Mn=10000,Mw/Mn=1.10
P3HT−3…Mn=20000,Mw/Mn=1.12
P3HT−4…Mn=45000,Mw/Mn=1.04
P3HT−5…Mn=75000,Mw/Mn=1.21
分散液2…P3HT−2
分散液3…P3HT−3
分散液4…P3HT−4
分散液5…P3HT−5
上記のようにして調製した分散液1中に、基材粒子(積水化学工業社製、商品名:ミクロパールAU、CuMPs)を、40℃の水浴中で90分間浸漬させた。分散液1中から、複合材料層により被覆された基材粒子を取り出し、乾燥させることにより、導電性粒子を得た。
基材粒子(積水化学工業社製、商品名:ミクロパールAU、CuMPs)を、そのまま導電性粒子として用いた。
電気抵抗率の測定;
実施例1及び比較例1で得られた導電性粒子の電気抵抗率を以下のようにして測定した。
[導電距離は、円周の半分の距離であるため、1/2π×(導電性粒子の直径)により求めた。]
上記のようにして調製した分散液1を2.5ml用意した。続いて、用意した分散液1をろ紙(No.5B、8mm)を用いて吸引ろ過した。吸引ろ過後、ろ紙に100℃で、5分間の熱処理を施した。それによって、ろ紙上に導電性薄膜(導電性フィルム)を形成した。
P3HT−1の代わりにBrij系界面活性剤(ADEKA社製、商品名「アデカトールTN−100」)を用いて調製した溶液を、分散液1の代わりに用意したこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、フィルムを作製した。また、得られたフィルムのシート抵抗値を実施例2と同様にして測定した。結果を、下記の表2に示す。
P3HT−1の代わりにPluronic系界面活性剤(ADEKA社製、商品名「アデカプルロニックL−44」)を用いて調製した溶液を、分散液1の代わりに用意したこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、フィルムを作製した。また、得られたフィルムのシート抵抗値を実施例2と同様にして測定した。結果を、下記の表2に示す。表2に示すように、比較例3のフィルムのシート抵抗値は、非常に高く、測定することができなかった。
P3HT−1を用いずに、トルエン3mlに薄片化黒鉛1.0mgのみを添加して調製した溶液を、分散液1の代わりに用意したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にしてフィルムの作製を試みた。しかしながら、図3に光学顕微鏡写真で示すように、比較例4においては、ろ紙上において薄片化黒鉛が凝集(スクロール)しており、ろ紙が露出している部分が多く観察された。このように、比較例4では、薄片化黒鉛が凝集しており、フィルム(薄膜)を得ることができなかった。
ドライアップ及び窒素置換を行ったシュレンク管に、2−ブロモ−3−オクチルチオフェン1.0mmol(1.0eq.)と、2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピぺリジニルマグネシウムクロリドリチウムクロリド(K−H塩基)1.0mmol(1.0eq.)とを加え、室温で3時間反応させた。次に、テトラヒドロフラン及びNiCl2(PPh3)IPr触媒3.9mg(0.005mmol)を加え、室温で1時間反応させた。反応後、0.1M塩酸4ml及びメタノール10mlを加え、十分に撹拌した。撹拌後、桐山ロートを用いてろ過し、ヘキサンを用いて洗浄した。ろ物を一晩真空乾燥し、上記式(2)で表されるポリ(3−オクチルチオフェン)(P3OT)を得た。得られたP3OTの分子量は、Mn=23000であり、多分散度は、Mw/Mn=1.29であった。
ドライアップ及び窒素置換を行ったシュレンク管に、2−ブロモ−3−(へキシロキシ)メチルチオフェン1.0mmol(1.0eq.)と、2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピぺリジニルマグネシウムクロリドリチウムクロリド(K−H塩基)1.0mmol(1.0eq.)とを加え、室温で3時間反応させた。次に、テトラヒドロフラン9.0ml及びNiCl2(PPh3)IPr触媒3.9mg(0.005mmol)を加え、室温で1時間反応させた。反応後、0.1M塩酸4ml及びメタノール10mlを加え、十分に撹拌した。撹拌後、桐山ロートを用いてろ過し、ヘキサンを用いて洗浄した。ろ物を一晩真空乾燥し、上記式(3)で表されるポリ(3−((へキシロキシ)メチル)チオフェン)(P3HOT)を得た。得られたP3HOTの分子量は、Mn=17000であり、多分散度は、Mw/Mn=1.31であった。
ドライアップ及び窒素置換を行ったシュレンク管に、2−ブロモ−3−(4−ペンタメチルジシロキシブタン−1−yl)チオフェン0.18g(0.50mmol(1.0eq.))と、2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピぺリジニルマグネシウムクロリドリチウムクロリド(K−H塩基)0.55mL(0.55mmol(1.1eq.))とを加え、60℃で1時間反応させた。次に、テトラヒドロフラン5.0ml及びNiCl2(PPh3)IPr触媒3.9mg(0.005mmol)を加え、60℃で1時間反応させた。反応後、0.1M塩酸2.0ml及びメタノール10mlを加え、十分に撹拌した。撹拌後、桐山ロートを用いてろ過し、ヘキサンを用いて洗浄した。ろ物を一晩真空乾燥し、上記式(4)で表されるチオフェンの3位に、シロキサン結合を有するアルキル基を備える高分子(poly−(3−(4−pentamethyldisiloxybutan−1−yl)thiophene−2,5−diyl))(P3SiT)を得た。得られたP3SiTの分子量は、Mn=21000であり、多分散度は、Mw/Mn=1.19であった。
採取した分散液3(P3HT)、分散液6(P3OT)、分散液7(P3HOT)及び分散液8(P3SiT)について、分光光度計(JASCO社製、商品名:V−770)を用いて、吸光スペクトル測定を行った。なお、設定温度は80度とし、波長範囲200〜900nmにおける吸光度を求めた。波長600nmの結果を、図4に示す。
テトラシアノキノジメタン(TCNQ)5.104mgをジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)0.25mlに溶解させ、TCNQ溶液(100mM)を調製した。このようにして調製されたTCNQ溶液250μLを加えたサンプル瓶中に、実施例2と同様にして作製した導電性フィルム0.67mgを室温で2時間浸漬させた。その後、導電性フィルムを取り出し、真空オーブンにて60℃で30分間乾燥させた。それによって、TCNQがドーピングされた複合材料(薄片化黒鉛とP3HT−1との複合材料)からなる導電性フィルムを得た。得られた導電性フィルムについて、実施例2と同様の方法により、電気抵抗率計を用いてシート抵抗値を測定した。結果を下記の表3に示す。
実施例3と同様にして調製したTCNQ溶液(75mM,0.1ml)中に、実施例1と同様にして作製した導電性粒子1.0mgを、30℃で2時間浸漬させた。その後、導電性粒子を取り出し真空オーブンにて60℃で30分間乾燥させた。それによって、TCNQがドーピングされた複合材料(薄片化黒鉛とP3HT−1との複合材料)からなる導電性粒子を得た。
Claims (12)
- 炭素材料と、
前記炭素材料に物理的又は化学的に結合されている、導電性分散剤とを含み、
前記導電性分散剤が、導電性高分子により構成されており、
前記導電性高分子の数平均分子量が、2000以上、100000以下である、複合材料。 - 炭素材料と、
前記炭素材料に物理的又は化学的に結合されている、導電性分散剤とを含み、
前記炭素材料のC/O比が、4以上、20以下である、複合材料。 - 前記炭素材料が、グラフェン又は薄片化黒鉛である、請求項1又は2に記載の複合材料。
- 前記炭素材料の前記導電性分散剤に対する重量比が、0.2以上、20以下の範囲にある、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記導電性分散剤が、有機高分子により構成されている、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記有機高分子が、チオフェン骨格を有する高分子である、請求項5に記載の複合材料。
- 前記複合材料に、ドーパントがドーピングされている、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料。
- 基材と、
請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料からなる複合材料層とを備え、
前記基材の表面の少なくとも一部が、前記複合材料層により被覆されている、導電性材料。 - 基材粒子と、
請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料からなる複合材料層とを備え、
前記基材粒子の表面の少なくとも一部が、前記複合材料層により被覆されている、導電性粒子。 - 基材粒子と、
導電性分散剤からなる導電性分散剤層とを備え、
前記基材粒子の表面の少なくとも一部が、前記導電性分散剤層により被覆されており、
前記導電性分散剤が導電性高分子により構成されており、
前記導電性高分子の数平均分子量が、2000以上、100000以下である、導電性粒子。 - 前記基材粒子が、樹脂粒子と、金属層とを有し、前記樹脂粒子の少なくとも一部が、前記金属層により被覆されている、請求項9又は10に記載の導電性粒子。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料からなる、導電性フィルム。
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