JPWO2016068278A1 - 水晶体硬化抑制剤 - Google Patents
水晶体硬化抑制剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2016068278A1 JPWO2016068278A1 JP2016556651A JP2016556651A JPWO2016068278A1 JP WO2016068278 A1 JPWO2016068278 A1 JP WO2016068278A1 JP 2016556651 A JP2016556651 A JP 2016556651A JP 2016556651 A JP2016556651 A JP 2016556651A JP WO2016068278 A1 JPWO2016068278 A1 JP WO2016068278A1
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- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/5383—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/08—Solutions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
- A61P27/12—Ophthalmic agents for cataracts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
ヒトでは、水晶体は、毛様体と呼ばれる筋肉とつながり、チン小帯で支えられており、毛様筋の収縮・弛緩、及びチン小帯の弛緩・収縮により、水晶体の厚さを制御している。
その要因の1つとして、加齢による水晶体の弾力性低下の正確な発生機序が不明であり、そのため、水晶体硬化(老視)のモデル動物が作製されていなかったことが挙げられる。
[1] 式 (I):
[2] 式 (I) で表される化合物若しくはその塩を含有してなる、[1] に記載の剤。
[3] 式 (I) で表される化合物が1-ヒドロキシ-5-オキソ-5H-ピリド[3,2-α]フェノキサジン-3-カルボン酸である、[2] に記載の剤。
[4] 式 (II) で表される化合物若しくはその塩を含有してなる、[1] に記載の剤。
[5] 式 (II) で表される化合物が、N-(2-メルカプトプロピオニル)グリシンである、[4] に記載の剤。
[6] 水晶体硬化が関与する疾患の治療及び/又は予防剤である、[1]-[5] のいずれかに記載の剤。
[7] 水晶体硬化が関与する疾患が老視である、[6] に記載の剤。
[8] 点眼剤又は眼軟膏剤である、[1]-[7] のいずれかに記載の剤。
本明細書中では、以下、式 (I) で表される化合物を化合物 (I) と称する場合がある。
本明細書中では、式 (II) で表される化合物を化合物 (II) と称する場合がある。
緩衝剤としては、例えば、リン酸緩衝剤、ホウ酸緩衝剤、クエン酸緩衝剤、酒石酸緩衝剤、酢酸緩衝剤、アミノ酸などが挙げられる。
等張化剤としては、ソルビトール、グルコース、マンニトールなどの糖類、グリセリン、プロピレングリコールなどの多価アルコール類、塩化ナトリウムなどの塩類、ホウ酸などが挙げられる。
溶解補助剤としては、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノオレート (例えば、ポリソルベート80)、ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油、チロキサポール、プルロニックなどの非イオン性界面活性剤、グリセリン、マクロゴールなどの多価アルコールなどが挙げられる。
防腐剤としては、例えば、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、塩化セチルピリジニウムなどの第四級アンモニウム塩類、パラオキシ安息香酸メチル、パラオキシ安息香酸エチル、パラオキシ安息香酸プロピル、パラオキシ安息香酸ブチルなどのパラオキシ安息香酸エステル類、ベンジルアルコール、ソルビン酸及びその塩 (ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩など)、チメロサール (商品名)、クロロブタノール、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウムなどが挙げられる。
粘性基剤としては、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコールなどの水溶性高分子、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムなどのセルロース類などが挙げられる。
キレート剤としては、エデト酸ナトリウム、クエン酸などが挙げられる。
清涼化剤としては、l-メントール、ボルネオール、カンフル、ユーカリ油などが挙げられる。
pH調整剤としては、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、ホウ酸又はその塩 (ホウ砂)、塩酸、クエン酸又はその塩 (クエン酸ナトリウム、クエン酸二水素ナトリウム等)、リン酸又はその塩 (リン酸水素二ナトリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム等)、酢酸又はその塩 (酢酸ナトリウム、酢酸アンモニウム等)、酒石酸又はその塩 (酒石酸ナトリウム等)等が挙げられる。
抗酸化剤としては、例えば、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、乾燥亜硫酸ナトリウム、ピロ亜硫酸ナトリウム、濃縮混合トコフェロール等が挙げられる。
滑沢剤としては、例えば、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリエチレングリコール、タルク、ステアリン酸等が挙げられる。
結合剤としては、例えば、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、結晶セルロース、デンプン、ポリビニルピロリドン、アラビアゴム末、ゼラチン、プルラン、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース等が挙げられる。
崩壊剤としては、(1) クロスポビドン、(2) クロスカルメロースナトリウム (FMC-旭化成)、カルメロースカルシウム (五徳薬品) 等スーパー崩壊剤と称される崩壊剤、(3) カルボキシメチルスターチナトリウム (例、松谷化学 (株) 製)、(4) 低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース (例、信越化学 (株) 製)、(5) コーンスターチ等が挙げられる。該「クロスポビドン」としては、ポリビニルポリピロリドン (PVPP)、1-ビニル-2-ピロリジノンホモポリマーと称されているものも含め、1-エテニル-2-ピロリジノンホモポリマーという化学名を有し架橋されている重合物のいずれであってもよく、具体例としては、コリドンCL (BASF社製)、ポリプラスドンXL (ISP社製)、ポリプラスドンXL-10 (ISP社製)、ポリプラスドンINF-10 (ISP社製)等である。
水溶性高分子としては、例えば、エタノール可溶性水溶性高分子 [例えば、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース (以下、HPCと記載することがある) 等のセルロース誘導体、ポリビニルピロリドン等]、エタノール不溶性水溶性高分子 [例えば、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース (以下、HPMCと記載することがある)、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム等のセルロース誘導体、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリビニルアルコール、アルギン酸ナトリウム、グアーガム等] 等が挙げられる。
塩基性無機塩としては、例えば、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム及び/又はカルシウムの塩基性無機塩が挙げられる。好ましくはマグネシウム及び/又はカルシウムの塩基性無機塩である。さらに好ましくはマグネシウムの塩基性無機塩である。該ナトリウムの塩基性無機塩としては、例えば、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、リン酸水素二ナトリウム等が挙げられる。該カリウムの塩基性無機塩としては、例えば、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素カリウム等が挙げられる。該マグネシウムの塩基性無機塩としては、例えば、重質炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、酸化マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、メタ珪酸アルミン酸マグネシウム、珪酸マグネシウム、アルミン酸マグネシウム、合成ヒドロタルサイト [Mg6Al2(OH)16・CO3・4H2O] 及び水酸化アルミナ・マグネシウム、好ましくは、重質炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、酸化マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム等が挙げられる。該カルシウムの塩基性無機塩としては、例えば、沈降炭酸カルシウム、水酸化カルシウム等が挙げられる。
雄の6-8週齢のSprague-Dawley (SD) ラットを、各群4匹づつ4群に分け、それぞれを、非喫煙処理群 (NT)、喫煙処理群 (Smoking)、喫煙処理+0.1% チオプロニン点眼群 (S+0.1% Tiopronin)、喫煙処理+0.005% ピレノキシン点眼群 (S+Catalin) とした。
チオプロニン (チオラ錠100、マイラン製薬株式会社製) は、有効成分量が0.1 w/v%となるように調製し、点眼剤を作製した。0.005% ピレノキシン点眼群には、カタリン点眼用0.005% (千寿製薬株式会社製) を用いた。点眼は、各眼に1回につき5 μLずつ点眼を行った。下記の喫煙処理前に1回、処理後に3回の点眼を、12日間行った。
喫煙処理は、Higuchiらの方法 (Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2011, Vol. 51, pages 2210-2216) を参考にして、以下のように行った。ラットを入れた喫煙チャンバー内にシリンジを使用して300 mLの主流煙を添加した。雄の6-8週齢SDラットを、実験用に作製した喫煙チャンバー (60 cm×40 cm×35 cm) 内に入れ (最大12匹まで)、チャンバー内にエアーポンプを用いて新鮮な空気を送り込んだ。タバコ (セブンスター (登録商標)) を50 mLシリンジに付け、主流煙を吸引しチャンバー内に吹き込んだ。この吸引操作を6回繰り返し、主流煙を合計300 mLチャンバー内に入れた後、新鮮な空気をポンプで送りながら30分間放置した。同様の操作をあと5回 (計6回) 繰り返し、ラットは1日当り合計3時間主流煙に曝露させた。その後、ラットを飼育室に戻した。12日間の喫煙処理を施したラット及び非喫煙群は、体重測定後、角膜、涙腺、水晶体の採取を行った。喫煙処理により、体重は低下傾向となり、涙液量も低下した (図1)。次に、採取した角膜の蛍光染色を行い、角膜の状態を確認した (図2)。喫煙処理群では、非喫煙群と比較して、蛍光染色スコアが有意に増大しており、角膜状態の悪化が認められた。喫煙処理されたラットのうち、点眼群 (S+Tiopronin、S+Catalin) と非点眼群 (Smoking) の蛍光スコアを比較した場合には、点眼による角膜状態の悪化は認められず、0.005% ピレノキシン点眼群 (S+Catalin) では、改善傾向が認められた。
実施例1で眼球から摘出した水晶体は、以下の方法によって水晶体硬度を測定した。水晶体硬度は電子天秤とハイトゲージを組み合わせて測定した。あらかじめ短軸長を測定した水晶体を電子天秤の上に置き、重さを0に合わせた。水晶体の上からハイトゲージのハンドルを操作して、先端部分が水晶体に接するようにした。さらにハンドルを操作して短軸長の5-10%程度先端を下げ、水晶体に圧力をかけた。この時の重さの変化を電子天秤で測定し、重さをハイトゲージに示された移動距離で割り硬度とした。値が大きいほど硬いことを示す。水晶体硬度の統計処理は、喫煙処理群に対する各群の有意差検定を、Dunnett法を用いて行った。
図3に、非喫煙処理群 (NT)、喫煙処理群 (Smoking)、喫煙処理+0.1% チオプロニン点眼群 (S+0.1% Tiopronin)、喫煙処理+0.005% ピレノキシン点眼群 (S+Catalin) の水晶体硬度の測定結果を示す。主流煙曝露により水晶体硬度は増大し (Smoking)、この硬度の増大はピレノキシンの投与 (S+Catalin)、又はチオプロニン (S+0.1% Tiopronin) の投与により有意に抑制された。
Claims (8)
- 式 (I):
(式中、R1-R4は、同一又は異なって、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基、スルファニル基、低級アルキル基、低級アシル基、低級アルコキシ基、カルボキシル基、カルバモイル基又はカルボニルアミノ酸基を示す。) で表される化合物若しくはその塩、及び/又は、式 (II):
(式中、Rは水素原子、又はアミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、スルファニル基若しくはカルボキシル基で置換されていてもよい低級アルキル基を示し、Aは、低級アルキレン基を示す。) で表される化合物若しくはその塩を含有してなる、水晶体硬化抑制剤。 - 式 (I) で表される化合物若しくはその塩を含有してなる、請求項1に記載の剤。
- 式 (I) で表される化合物が1-ヒドロキシ-5-オキソ-5H-ピリド[3,2-α]フェノキサジン-3-カルボン酸である、請求項2に記載の剤。
- 式 (II) で表される化合物若しくはその塩を含有してなる、請求項1に記載の剤。
- 式 (II) で表される化合物が、N-(2-メルカプトプロピオニル)グリシンである、請求項4に記載の剤。
- 水晶体硬化が関与する疾患の治療及び/又は予防剤である、請求項1-5のいずれか1項に記載の剤。
- 水晶体硬化が関与する疾患が老視である、請求項6に記載の剤。
- 点眼剤又は眼軟膏剤である、請求項1-7のいずれか1項に記載の剤。
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