TW201625264A - 水晶體硬化抑制劑 - Google Patents
水晶體硬化抑制劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201625264A TW201625264A TW104135763A TW104135763A TW201625264A TW 201625264 A TW201625264 A TW 201625264A TW 104135763 A TW104135763 A TW 104135763A TW 104135763 A TW104135763 A TW 104135763A TW 201625264 A TW201625264 A TW 201625264A
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Abstract
本發明提供一種水晶體硬化抑制劑,其含有式(I)所示之化合物或其鹽、及/或式(II)所示之化合物或其鹽:
□
(式中,R1至R4係相同或相異,表示氫原子、鹵素原子、羥基、氫硫基、低級烷基、低級醯基、低級烷氧基、羧基、胺甲醯基或羰基胺基酸基)
□
(式中,R表示氫原子,或者可經胺基、羥基、氫硫基或羧基取代之低級烷基,A表示低級伸烷基)。
Description
本發明係關於水晶體硬化抑制劑以及與水晶體硬化相關之疾病之治療及/或預防劑,該水晶體硬化抑制劑含有吡諾克辛(pirenoxine)類或其鹽及/或硫普羅寧類(tiopronin)或其鹽。
水晶體係位於眼球內之前方,且將外來的光線折射而在視網膜上成像之器官。發揮如相機中的凸透鏡之作用,看近處時水晶體會變厚,看遠處時會變薄,藉此調整眼睛的焦點。
人類中,水晶體係與稱為睫狀體之肌肉相連接,並由睫狀小帶支撐,藉由睫狀肌的收縮/放鬆、及睫狀小帶的放鬆/收縮而調控水晶體的厚度。
隨著年齡增加,水晶體的彈性降低、水晶體的混濁產生時會成為眼疾。例如,水晶體失去彈力而硬化時,水晶體的厚度之調整變得困難而產生老花眼。又,水晶體產生混濁時,該部分會有光散射,物體變矇矓或看起來模糊(白內障)。
針對老年性白內障之治療藥而言,已知有
吡諾克辛(製品名:卡他靈(Catalin))、穀胱甘肽(glutathione)(製品名:得視安(Tathion))、硫普羅寧(製品名:治歐拉(Thiola))、及唾液腺荷爾蒙(製品名:維諾心(Parotin))等。該等藥物係藉由抗氧化作用及/或抑制蛋白質不溶化之作用而抑制水晶體蛋白質的變性、水晶體的混濁,而延緩白內障的進行。然而,對於老年性白內障之前階段之老花眼,有效的治療藥及預防藥仍尚未市售。
其主要原因之一,可舉老化所致之水晶體彈性降低的正確發生機制不明,因此未製作水晶體硬化(老花眼)之模型動物。
本發明人等以前已報告,在曝露於主流煙之大鼠中,發生伴隨氧化性DNA損傷之角膜損傷及淚腺功能障礙(非專利文獻1),最近揭示有藉由在某個特定條件下施以吸菸處理,成功於實驗動物引發水晶體硬化,進一步使用該模型,可評估藥物對水晶體彈性之效果(專利文獻1)。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2015-140327號公報
[非專利文獻1]Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2011, Vol. 51, pages 2210-2216
持續高齡化,預測針對伴隨年齡增加而產生之種種障礙的治療藥及預防藥之需求在今後會逐漸攀升,然而至今尚未有針對起因自水晶體的硬化而產生的老花眼等之有效的治療藥及預防藥,而期望其開發。因此,本發明之目的係探索具有抑制水晶體硬化作用之物質,藉此針對老花眼等與水晶體硬化相關之疾病,提供新穎且有效之治療劑及/或預防劑。
本發明人為了解決上述課題而專心研究,結果發現吡諾克辛或硫普羅寧有抑制水晶體硬化之作用,而完成本發明。
亦即,本發明係如下所述者。
[1]一種水晶體硬化抑制劑,其含有式(I)所示之化合物或其鹽、及/或式(II)所示之化合物或其鹽:
(式中,R1至R4係相同或相異,表示氫原子、鹵素原子、羥基、氫硫基(sulfanyl group)、低級烷基、低
級醯基、低級烷氧基、羧基、胺甲醯基或羰基胺基酸基)
(式中,R表示氫原子,或者可經胺基、羥基、氫硫基或羧基取代之低級烷基,A表示低級伸烷基)。
[2]如[1]所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其含有式(I)所示之化合物或其鹽。
[3]如[2]所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其中,式(I)所示之化合物係1-羥基-5-側氧基-5H-吡啶并[3,2-α]啡-3-甲酸。
[4]如[1]所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其含有式(II)所示之化合物或其鹽。
[5]如[4]所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其中,式(II)所示之化合物係N-(2-巰基丙醯基)甘胺酸。
[6]如[1]至[5]中任一項所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其係與水晶體硬化相關之疾病之治療及/或預防劑。
[7]如[6]所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其中,與水晶體硬化相關之疾病係老花眼。
[8]如[1]至[7]中任一項所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其係點眼劑或眼用軟膏劑。
若依據本發明,可治療及/或預防至今尚未存在有效的治療及/或預防藥之老花眼等與水晶體硬化相
關之疾病。
第1圖係表示曝露於主流煙對大鼠體重(左圖表,單位(g))及淚液量(右圖表,單位(mm/分鐘))造成之影響。圖中,分別以NT(右圖表中,各柱之左柱狀圖)表示非吸菸處理群,吸菸(右圖表中,各柱之右柱狀圖)表示吸菸處理群。*:p<0.05。
第2圖係表示曝露於主流煙對大鼠角膜狀態造成之影響,以及吡諾克辛、硫普羅寧之藥效。圖中,分別以NT表示非吸菸處理群,吸菸表示吸菸處理群,S+硫普羅寧表示吸菸處理+0.1%硫普羅寧點眼群,S+卡他靈表示吸菸處理+0.005%吡諾克辛點眼群。
第3圖係表示曝露於主流煙之大鼠之水晶體硬化受到吡諾克辛或硫普羅寧投予之抑制。圖中,分別以NT表示非吸菸處理群,吸菸表示吸菸處理群,S+0.1%硫普羅寧表示吸菸處理+0.1%硫普羅寧點眼群,S+卡他靈表示吸菸處理+0.005%吡諾克辛點眼群。**:p<0.01。
以下,說明本發明。本說明書中所使用之用語在無特別提及時,具有該領域一般使用的意義。
本發明係提供一種水晶體硬化抑制劑,其係含有吡諾克辛類或其鹽及/或硫普羅寧類或其鹽。
「吡諾克辛類」意指吡諾克辛(1-羥基-5-側
氧基-5H-吡啶并[3,2-α]啡-3-甲酸)及其類似物,具體上意指下述式(I)所示之化合物。
(式中,R1至R4係相同或相異,表示氫原子、鹵素原子、羥基、氫硫基、低級烷基、低級醯基、低級烷氧基、羧基、胺甲醯基或羰基胺基酸基)
本說明書中,以下有將式(I)所示之化合物稱為化合物(I)之情形。
就「鹵素原子」而言,可列舉氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子。
「低級烷基」意指直鏈狀或分支狀之碳數1至3之烷基,可列舉甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基。
「低級醯基」意指直鏈狀或分支狀之碳數1至3之醯基,可列舉甲醯基、乙醯基、丙醯基。
「低級烷氧基」意指直鏈狀或分支狀之碳數1至3之烷氧基,可列舉甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、異丙氧基。
「羰基胺基酸基」意指羰基與胺基酸之胺基進行醯胺鍵結而成之基,可列舉如羰基甘胺酸、羰基丙
胺酸、羰基蘇胺酸、羰基麩胺酸等。
式(I)中,R1至R4較佳係皆為氫原子。式(I)中,R1至R4皆為氫原子之化合物係以吡諾克辛(1-羥基-5-側氧基-5H-吡啶并[3,2-α]啡-3-甲酸)之名稱所知之公知化合物,具有抗氧化作用及抑制蛋白質不溶化之作用、防止水晶體混濁,故以往以來係作為初期老人性白內障之治療藥而使用[商品名:柯寧優尼(Kary Uni)點眼液0.005%(參天製藥股份有限公司)、商品名:卡他靈K點眼用(千壽製藥股份有限公司)、商品名:卡他靈點眼液(千壽製藥股份有限公司)等]。然而,至今完全不知道吡諾克辛具有抑制水晶體硬化之作用。
「硫普羅寧類」意指硫普羅寧(N-(2-巰基丙醯基)甘胺酸)及其類似物,具體上意指下述式(II)所示之化合物。
(式中,R表示氫原子,或者可經胺基、羥基、氫硫基或羧基取代之低級烷基,A表示低級伸烷基)
本說明書中,有將式(II)所示之化合物稱為化合物(II)之情形。
「可經胺基、羥基、氫硫基或羧基取代之低級烷基」意指可經胺基、羥基、氫硫基或羧基取代之直
鏈狀或分支狀之碳數1至4之烷基,可列舉如甲基、巰基甲基、4-胺基丁基、羧基甲基、1-羥基乙基等。較佳係巰基甲基。
「低級伸烷基」意指直鏈狀或分支狀之碳數1至3之伸烷基,可列舉亞甲基、亞乙基、伸乙基、亞丙基、異亞丙基、伸丙基、三亞甲基等。較佳係亞乙基。
式(II)中,R較佳係氫原子,A較佳係亞乙基。式(II)中,R為氫原子且A為亞乙基之化合物係以硫普羅寧(N-(2-巰基丙醯基)甘胺酸)之名稱所知之公知化合物,具有促進肝臟酵素系活性之作用、抑制水晶體蛋白質凝集之作用等,故以往以來係作為針對慢性肝疾病之肝功能改善藥、初期老人性皮質白內障等之治療藥而使用[商品名:治歐拉錠100(米蘭(Mylan)製藥股份有限公司)]。然而,至今完全不知道硫普羅寧具有抑制水晶體硬化之作用。
化合物(I)或(II)可為與無機鹼、有機鹼、無機酸、有機酸等之鹽之形態。就上述與無機鹼之鹽之例而言,可列舉如鈉鹽、鉀鹽等鹼金屬鹽;鈣鹽、鎂鹽等鹼土金屬鹽;以及鋁鹽、銨鹽等。就上述與有機鹼之鹽之例而言,可列舉如與三甲基胺、三乙基胺、吡啶、甲吡啶、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二環己基胺、N,N’-二苯甲基乙二胺之鹽。就上述與無機酸之鹽之例而言,可列舉如與鹽酸、氫溴酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸之鹽。就上述與有機酸之鹽之例而言,可列舉如與甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、富馬酸、草酸、酒石酸、馬來酸、檸檬酸、琥珀酸、蘋果酸、
甲磺酸、苯磺酸、對-甲苯磺酸之鹽。該等鹽中,較佳係藥理學上容許之鹽。化合物(I)為吡諾克辛且化合物(II)為硫普羅寧時,就該等鹽而言,較佳可舉鹼金屬鹽。
化合物(II)具有光學異構物、立體異構物、位置異構物、旋轉異構物等異構物時,任一異構物、異構物之混合物皆包含在化合物(II)中。例如,化合物(II)存在有光學異構物時,從外消旋體拆分而來的光學異構物亦包含在化合物(II)中。該等異構物可藉由其本身公知之合成手法、分離手法(濃縮、溶劑萃取、管柱層析、再結晶等)分別作為單一物而獲得。
化合物(I)或(II)可為結晶亦可為非晶形。化合物(I)或(II)為結晶時,晶形可為單種亦可為晶形混合物,皆包含在化合物(I)或(II)中。結晶可應用其本身公知之結晶化法藉由結晶化而製造。
化合物(I)或(II)可為溶劑合物(例如水合物等)亦可為無溶劑合物,皆包含在化合物(I)或(II)中。
化合物(I)或(II)可經由同位素(例如3H,14C,35S等)等標示。
化合物(I)可依照例如日本特公昭55-10570號公報所記載之方法而製造。又,化合物(II)可依照例如日本特公昭56-5388號公報所記載之方法而製造。又,化合物(I)為吡諾克辛時,可使用市售之含有吡諾克辛之醫藥組成物,化合物(II)為硫普羅寧時,可使用市售之含有硫普羅寧之醫藥組成物。
化合物(I)或(II)可抑制水晶體的硬化,因此係對與水晶體硬化相關之疾病之治療及/或預防有效。本說明書中,「水晶體之硬化抑制」係不僅指抑制水晶體硬化之進展、維持水晶體硬度,亦包含使水晶體的硬化恢復而具有彈性。本說明書中,「與水晶體硬化相關之疾病」意指水晶體硬化有助於疾病發作/進展或伴隨疾病發作/進展而產生水晶體硬化之任意疾病。就該疾病之例而言,可列舉老花眼、遠視、白內障等,較佳之例為老花眼、白內障(惟,化合物(I)為吡諾克辛時,及化合物(II)為硫普羅寧時,作為白內障治療劑之使用係除外)。水晶體係藉由改變其厚度而調節眼睛焦點。因此,就與水晶體硬化相關之疾病之病態而言,可舉由於水晶體硬化且彈性失去而使眼睛焦點之調節變困難之情形。
化合物(I)或(II)之毒性低,可直接或者依其本身公知之方法,作為混合有醫藥上容許之添加物之醫藥組成物,經口或非經口而安全投予於人類及其他哺乳動物(例如大鼠、兔、羊、豬、牛、貓、狗、猴子等)。尤其吡諾克辛及硫普羅寧係已作為醫藥品上市,而累積有關於安全性之知識。
本發明之水晶體硬化抑制劑或與水晶體硬化相關之疾病之治療及/或預防劑(以下,有時合併記載為「本發明之劑」)所含有之化合物(I)或其鹽、或化合物(II)或其鹽(以下,有時合稱為「本發明化合物」)之量只要係充分抑制水晶體硬化且在無顯示細胞毒性之範圍則無特別
限制,一般可在0.001至100重量%之範圍適當地選擇。本發明化合物之含量可依使用目的、劑形、病態程度等而適當地增減。再者,本發明之一實施態樣中,可將2種以上之化合物(I)或其鹽、2種以上之化合物(II)或其鹽、或者1種以上之化合物(I)或其鹽及1種以上之化合物(II)或其鹽組合使用。此時,可將全部的有效成分調配於同一製劑中,或者可將各有效成分分別調配於2個以上之製劑中。併用2個以上之有效成分時,以使有效成分之總含量成為上述範圍之方式設定即可。
本發明之劑之劑形無特別限制,可適當地選擇適合經口投予或非經口投予之各種劑形。就非經口投予用之製劑而言,可使用例如點眼劑、軟膏劑、洗劑(lotion)、乳膏劑、注射劑、栓劑等,較佳係適合投予於眼睛局部之劑形,可列舉如點眼劑(水性點眼劑、非水性點眼劑、懸浮性點眼劑、乳濁性點眼劑等)、軟膏劑、洗劑、乳膏劑等。本發明之劑為點眼劑時,可使用適當的基材。就點眼劑所用之基材而言,可列舉磷酸緩衝液、漢克(Hanks)緩衝液、生理食鹽水、灌注液、人工淚液等。
本發明之劑中,有效成分之本發明化合物之外,可適當地選擇並添加醫藥上容許之添加物,例如為眼睛局部投予用製劑時,添加例如緩衝劑、張力劑、助溶劑、防腐劑、黏性基劑、螫合劑、清涼化劑、pH調整劑、抗氧化劑等。
就緩衝劑而言,可列舉如磷酸緩衝劑、硼酸緩衝劑、
檸檬酸緩衝劑、酒石酸緩衝劑、乙酸緩衝劑、胺基酸等。
就張力劑而言,可列舉山梨醇、葡萄糖、甘露糖醇等糖類;甘油、丙二醇等多元醇類;氯化鈉等鹽類;硼酸等。
就助溶劑而言,可列舉聚氧乙烯去水山梨醇單油酸酯(例如、聚山梨醇酯80)、聚氧乙烯硬化蓖麻油、泰洛沙泊(tyloxapol)、普盧蘭尼克(pluronic)等非離子性界面活性劑;甘油、聚乙烯二醇(Macrogol)等多元醇等。
就防腐劑而言,可列舉如苯扎氯銨(benzalkonium chloride)、苄索氯銨(benzethonium chloride)、西吡氯銨(cetylpyridinium chloride)等四級銨鹽類;對羥苯甲酸甲酯、對羥苯甲酸乙酯、對羥苯甲酸丙酯、對羥苯甲酸丁酯等對羥苯甲酸酯類;苯甲醇、山梨酸及其鹽(鈉鹽、鉀鹽等)、硫柳汞(thimerosal)(商品名)、氯丁醇、脫氫乙酸鈉等。
就黏性基劑而言,可列舉聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、聚乙烯二醇、聚乙烯醇等水溶性高分子;羥基乙基纖維素、甲基纖維素、羥基丙基甲基纖維素、羧基甲基纖維素鈉等纖維素類等。
就螫合劑而言,可列舉乙二胺四乙酸二鈉、檸檬酸等。
就清涼化劑而言,可列舉1-薄荷醇、冰片(borneol)、樟腦、桉樹油等。
就pH調整劑而言,可列舉如氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、硼酸或其鹽(硼砂)、鹽酸、檸檬酸或其鹽(檸檬酸鈉、檸檬酸二氫鈉等)、磷酸或其鹽(磷酸氫二鈉、磷酸二氫鉀等)、乙酸或其鹽(乙酸鈉、乙酸銨等)、酒
石酸或其鹽(酒石酸鈉等)等。
就抗氧化劑而言,可列舉如亞硫酸氫鈉、乾燥亞硫酸鈉、焦亞硫酸鈉、濃縮混合生育酚等。
化合物(I)一般常為水不溶性或難溶性,以鹽的形態或在鹼存在下使其成為水可溶性,而作為水溶液來使用,但一般做成水溶液或其他有機溶劑溶液時,會不安定而容易分解,尤其熱及/或光安定性差,因此宜製劑化為錠劑、顆粒等固形製劑,並在使用時溶解於溶劑而使用。溶劑的pH一般調整為約3.0至約7.0,較佳係調整為約5.0至約7.0。或者,可以不溶解於水且微粒子化為懸浮液劑而調製。另一方面,含有化合物(II)作為有效成分時,本發明之劑的pH一般可調整為約5.0至約8.5,較佳係調整為約6.0至約8.0。該等液狀製劑較佳係使用有薄膜濾器等進行過濾滅菌等滅菌處理。
將本發明之劑作為眼用軟膏劑而調製時,可更含有軟膏基劑。就該軟膏基劑而言,無特別限定者,一般可使用作為疏水性基劑之油脂類、蠟、烴化合物等。具體上可列舉黃色凡士林、白色凡士林、石蠟、液態石蠟、樹脂基質(plastibase)、聚矽氧等礦物性基劑;蜂蠟、動植物性油脂等動植物性基劑等。
另一方面,本發明之劑為經口投予用之製劑時,可製劑化為例如錠劑(包含糖衣錠、膜衣錠)、丸劑、顆粒劑、散劑、膠囊劑(包含軟膠囊劑)、糖漿劑、乳劑、懸浮劑等。該等製劑可藉由其本身公知之調製法,例如第
14改正日本藥局方之製劑總則所記載之方法而製造,除了可使用於眼睛局部投予用製劑之上述醫藥上容許之添加物之外,亦可含有在製劑領域中一般使用之賦形劑、潤滑劑、黏結劑、崩解劑、水溶性高分子、鹼性無機鹽等。
就賦形劑而言,可列舉如乳糖、白糖、D-甘露糖醇、澱粉、玉米澱粉、結晶纖維素、輕質無水矽酸、氧化鈦等。
就潤滑劑而言,可列舉如硬脂酸鎂、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、聚乙烯二醇、滑石、硬脂酸等。
就黏結劑而言,可列舉如羥基丙基纖維素、羥基丙基甲基纖維素、結晶纖維素、澱粉、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、阿拉伯膠末、明膠、聚三葡萄糖(pullulan)、低取代度羥基丙基纖維素等。
就崩解劑而言,可列舉(1)交聚維酮(crospovidone)、(2)交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉(FMC-旭化成)、羧甲基纖維素鈣(五德藥品)等稱為超崩解劑之崩解劑、(3)羧基甲基澱粉鈉(例如松谷化學股份有限公司製)、(4)低取代度羥基丙基纖維素(例如信越化學股份有限公司製)、(5)玉米澱粉等。就該「交聚維酮(crospovidone)」而言,包含稱為聚乙烯聚吡咯啶酮(PVPP)、1-乙烯基-2-吡咯啶酮均聚物者,只要係化學名為1-乙烯基-2-吡咯啶酮均聚物且經交聯之聚合物之任意者皆可,就具體例而言,Kollidon CL(BASF公司製)、Polyplasdone XL(ISP公司製)、Polyplasdone XL-10(ISP公司製)、Polyplasdone INF-10(ISP公司製)等。
就水溶性高分子而言,可列舉如乙醇可溶性水溶性高分子[例如,羥基丙基纖維素(以下,有時記載為HPC)等纖維素衍生物、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮等]、乙醇不溶性水溶性高分子[例如,羥基丙基甲基纖維素(以下,有時記載為HPMC)、甲基纖維素、羧基甲基纖維素鈉等纖維素衍生物、聚丙烯酸鈉、聚乙烯醇、海藻酸鈉、瓜爾膠等]等。
就鹼性無機鹽而言,可列舉如鈉、鉀、鎂及/或鈣之鹼性無機鹽。較佳係鎂及/或鈣之鹼性無機鹽。更佳係鎂之鹼性無機鹽。就該鈉之鹼性無機鹽而言,可列舉如碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、磷酸氫二鈉等。就該鉀之鹼性無機鹽而言,可列舉如碳酸鉀、碳酸氫鉀等。就該鎂之鹼性無機鹽而言,可列舉如重質碳酸鎂、碳酸鎂、氧化鎂、氫氧化鎂、偏矽酸鋁酸鎂、矽酸鎂、鋁酸鎂、合成水滑石[Mg6Al2(OH)16‧CO3‧4H2O]及氫氧化鋁鎂,較佳係重質碳酸鎂、碳酸鎂、氧化鎂、氫氧化鎂等。就該鈣之鹼性無機鹽而言,可列舉如沈降碳酸鈣、氫氧化鈣等。
為了依需要使上述醫藥組成物容易地運輸至細胞內,可封入於脂質體。較佳之脂質體係正電荷脂質體、正電荷膽固醇、膜穿透性胜肽結合脂質體等(中西守等、蛋白質核酸酵素、44:1590-1596(1999);二木史朗、化學與生物、43:649-653(2005);Clinical Cancer Research 59:4325-4333(1999)等)。
本發明之劑,只要不會因與本發明化合物之調配而產生不佳的交互作用,則可更含有其他活性成
分,例如抗過敏或抗組織胺成分、去充血成分、局部麻醉藥成分、維生素成分、有效胺基酸以外之胺基酸成分(例:纈胺酸、白胺酸、異白胺酸、絲胺酸、蘇胺酸、甲硫胺酸、脯胺酸、苯丙胺酸、酪胺酸、色胺酸、天冬胺酸、麩胺酸、離胺酸、組胺酸、瓜胺酸、鳥胺酸、胱胺酸、牛磺酸、甘胺酸)等。就此種其他活性成分而言,可適當地使用其本身公知之各種藥劑。又,其他活性成分可與本發明之劑分別製劑化,並且對於同一對象,可同時或有時間差,並以同一路徑或不同路徑進行投予。
本發明之劑的投予量係依投予對象(動物種類)及其年齡及體重、症狀、劑型、投予路徑等而相異,例如當將吡諾克辛或其鹽作為有效成分,並作為老花眼治療劑以點眼劑形態使用於人類時,可將吡諾克辛濃度0.001至0.01重量%之液劑以1次1至2滴並以1天1次或分成2至6次投予,較佳係分成3至5次投予。其他的非經口投予及經口投予時,亦可依據此之量進行投予。再者,可依症狀程度而適當地增減應用量及次數。又,例如,當將硫普羅寧或其鹽作為有效成分,並作為老花眼治療劑而經口投予於人類時,就硫普羅寧量而言,可將50至1000mg,較佳係將100至500mg,以1天1次或分成2至3次投予。非經口投予時,可依據此之量進行投予。再者,可依症狀程度而適當地增減應用量及次數。作為點眼劑使用時,即使在穿戴非透氧性硬性隱形眼鏡、透氧性硬性隱形眼鏡、軟性隱形眼鏡等隱形眼鏡時亦可使用。
如同上述,將2個以上有效成分分別製劑化時,各製劑可同時或有時間差,並以同一路徑或不同路徑投予於同一對象。
以下列舉實施例而更具體地說明本發明,但本發明當然不限於該等。
實施例1:曝露於主流煙之吸菸處理
將雄性6至8週齡之Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠以每一群4隻之方式分為4群,分別作為非吸菸處理群(NT)、吸菸處理群(吸菸)、吸菸處理+0.1%硫普羅寧點眼群(S+0.1%硫普羅寧)、吸菸處理+0.005%吡諾克辛點眼群(S+卡他靈)。
硫普羅寧(治歐拉錠100,米蘭製藥股份有限公司製)係以有效成分量成為0.1w/v%之方式調製,並製作為點眼劑。針對0.005%吡諾克辛點眼群,使用卡他靈點眼用0.005%(千壽製藥股份有限公司製)。點眼係以各眼每一次各5μL進行點眼。在下述吸菸處理前點眼1次,處理後點眼3次,進行12天。
吸菸處理係參考Higuchi等之方法(Free Radic.Biol.Med.,2011,Vol.51,pages 2210-2216),以如下述方式進行。於已放入大鼠之吸菸腔室(chamber)內使用注射器添加300mL之主流煙。將雄性6至8週齡SD大鼠放入製作為實驗用之吸菸腔室(60cm×40cm×35cm)內(最多12隻),使用氣泵將新鮮空其送入腔室內。將菸草(七星(註冊商標))安裝於50mL注射器,將主流煙吸引並吹進腔室內。將該吸引操
作重複6次,合計吹入300mL之主流煙至腔室內後,一邊使用泵輸送新鮮空氣一邊放置30分鐘。同樣操作再重複5次(共計6次),大鼠係每一天合計有3小時曝露於主流煙。然後,讓大鼠返回飼育室。經施予12天吸菸處理之大鼠及非吸菸群係在測定體重後,進行角膜、淚腺、水晶體之採取。因吸菸處理,而體重有降低之傾向,淚液量也降低(第1圖)。接著,將採取的角膜進行螢光染色,確認角膜狀態(第2圖)。吸菸處理群,與非吸菸群相比,螢光染色評分係顯著增大,確認到角膜狀態之惡化。經吸菸處理之大鼠中,點眼群(S+硫普羅寧、S+卡他靈)與非點眼群(吸菸)之螢光評分相比時,未確認到點眼所致之角膜狀態之惡化,0.005%吡諾克辛點眼群(S+卡他靈)則確認到有改善傾向。
實施例2:吸菸處理後之水晶體硬度測定
實施例1中從眼球摘取出的水晶體係由以下方法而測定水晶體硬度。水晶體硬度係組合電子天秤與高度規而測定。將已事先測定短軸長之水晶體放置於電子天秤上,將重量校準為0。從水晶體之上操作高度規的手柄,使前端部分與水晶體接觸。進一步操作手柄使前端下降短軸長之5至10%左右,對水晶體施加壓力。以電子天秤測定此時之重量變化,將重量除以由高度規表示之移動距離而作為硬度。數值越大表示越硬。水晶體硬度之統計處理係使用Dunnett法進行相對於吸菸處理群之各群的顯著性差異檢定。
於第3圖表示非吸菸處理群(NT)、吸菸處理群(吸菸)、
吸菸處理+0.1%硫普羅寧點眼群(S+0.1%硫普羅寧)、吸菸處理+0.005%吡諾克辛點眼群(S+卡他靈)之水晶體硬度之測定結果。因曝露於主流煙而水晶體硬度增大(吸菸),該硬度增大係藉由吡諾克辛之投予(S+卡他靈)、或硫普羅寧(S+0.1%硫普羅寧)之投予而顯著地受到抑制。
本發明化合物係發揮優異的抑制水晶體硬化之效果,故可提供一種治療及/或預防手段,其係對至今為止未存在有效的治療及/或預防藥之老花眼等與水晶體硬化相關之疾病有效者。
本申請係以2014年10月31日於日本申請之特願2014-223294為基礎,在本文中以引用形式而使其內容全部包含於本說明書中。
由於本案的圖皆為實驗數據,不足以代表本案。
故本案無指定代表圖。
Claims (10)
- 一種水晶體硬化抑制劑,其含有式(I)所示之化合物或其鹽、及/或式(II)所示之化合物或其鹽:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其含有式(I)所示之化合物或其鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其中,式(I)所示之化合物係1-羥基-5-側氧基-5H-吡啶并[3,2-α]啡-3-甲酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其含有式(II)所示之化合物或其鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其 中,式(II)所示之化合物係N-(2-巰基丙醯基)甘胺酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其係與水晶體硬化相關之疾病之治療及/或預防劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其中,與水晶體硬化相關之疾病係老花眼。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其係點眼劑或眼用軟膏劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其係點眼劑或眼用軟膏劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之水晶體硬化抑制劑,其係點眼劑或眼用軟膏劑。
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