JPWO2016031961A1 - イオン液体および柔粘性結晶 - Google Patents
イオン液体および柔粘性結晶 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2016031961A1 JPWO2016031961A1 JP2016545635A JP2016545635A JPWO2016031961A1 JP WO2016031961 A1 JPWO2016031961 A1 JP WO2016031961A1 JP 2016545635 A JP2016545635 A JP 2016545635A JP 2016545635 A JP2016545635 A JP 2016545635A JP WO2016031961 A1 JPWO2016031961 A1 JP WO2016031961A1
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- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- emi
- cation
- ionic liquid
- lithium secondary
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
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Abstract
Description
項1. アニオンとカチオンから構成されるイオン液体又は柔粘性結晶であって、アニオンが[C(SO2F)3]−を含み、カチオンが1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([EMI]+)、N,N-ジエチル-N-メチル-(2-メトキシエチル)アンモニウム([DEME]+)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピロリジニウム([Py13]+)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピペリジニウム([PP13]+)、テトラメチルアンモニウム([N1111]+)、テトラエチルアンモニウム([N2222]+)、トリメチルヘキシルアンモニウム([N6111]+)、トリエチルヘキシルアンモニウム([N6222]+)、N-メチル-N-エチルピロリジニウム([Py12]+)、1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([C4mim]+)及び1-ヘキシル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([C6mim]+)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、イオン液体又は柔粘性結晶。
項2. カチオンが1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([EMI]+)、N,N-ジエチル-N-メチル-(2-メトキシエチル)アンモニウム([DEME]+)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピロリジニウム([Py13]+)及びN-メチル-N-プロピルピペリジニウム([PP13]+)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、項1に記載のイオン液体又は柔粘性結晶。
項4. アニオンとカチオンから構成されるリチウム二次電池用非水電解質であって、アニオンが[C(SO2F)3]−を含み、カチオンが1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([EMI]+)、N,N-ジエチル-N-メチル-(2-メトキシエチルアンモニウム([DEME]+)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピロリジニウム([Py13]+)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピペリジニウム([PP13]+)、テトラメチルアンモニウム([N1111]+)、テトラエチルアンモニウム([N2222]+)、トリメチルヘキシルアンモニウム([N6111]+)、トリエチルヘキシルアンモニウム([N6222]+)、N-メチル-N-エチルピロリジニウム([Py12]+)、1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([C4mim]+)及び1-ヘキシル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([C6mim]+)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、リチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
項5. カチオンが1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([EMI]+)、N,N-ジエチル-N-メチル-(2-メトキシエチル)アンモニウム([DEME]+)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピロリジニウム([Py13]+)及びN-メチル-N-プロピルピペリジニウム([PP13]+)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、項4に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
項6. カチオンが[EMI]+を含む、項4又は5に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
項7. Li[C(SO2F)3]をさらに含む、項4〜6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
項8. 項4〜7のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質を含む、リチウム二次電池。
項9. 負極がLi金属負極である、項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
原料の化合物(1)を発煙硫酸(oleum)で硫酸化して化合物(2)を得、これをSF4と反応させて化合物(3)を得る。化合物(3)は、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸リチウム、炭酸水素リチウムなどのアルカリ金属炭酸塩、アルカリ金属炭酸水素塩などの塩基(base)と反応させてアルカリ金属(M)の塩(4)に導き、これを[EMI]+、[DEME]+、[Py13]+、[PP13]+、[N1111]+、[N2222]+、[N6111]+、[N6222]+、[Py12]+、[C4mim]+又は[C6mim]+と反応させてカチオン交換を行うことにより、目的とする本発明のイオン液体もしくは柔粘性結晶を得ることができる。
製造例1:アニオン(f3C)の合成
市販品としてALCATRAZ CHEMICALS (Gujarat, INDIA)から入手した58.4mgの化合物(2)と194mgのSF4とを反応させて51.6mgの化合物(3)を得る。92.4mgの化合物(3)を、過剰量の炭酸カリウムと反応させて93.9mgのf3Cアニオンのカリウム塩(4)に導いた。
製造例1で得たf3Cアニオンのカリウム塩(4)を等モルの[EMI]+、[DEME]+、[Py13]+又は[PP13]+の臭化物と反応させてカチオン交換を行うことにより、目的とする本発明のイオン液体([EMI][f3C])或いは柔粘性結晶([DEME][f3C]、[Py13][f3C]又は[PP13][f3C])を得た。
1)[EMI][f3C]
1H-NMR (CD3CN, 300 MHz): δ=1.45 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 4.16 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H): 19F-NMR (CD3CN, 283 MHz): δ=71.5 (s, 3F).
元素分析測定値(理論値):H 2.99% (2.98%); C 22.71% (22.58%); N 7.58% (7.52%); F 15.36% (15.31%). 25℃におけるイオン伝導度:6.2 mS cm-1. 25℃における粘度:39 mPa.s. 25℃における密度:1.55 g mL-1. 融解エントロピー:40 J K-1 mol-1. 熱分解温度(10%減少時):246℃.
2)[DEME][f3C]
1H-NMR (CD3CN, 300 MHz): δ=1.26 (t of t, J= 7.2 Hz and 1.9 Hz, 6H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 3.27-3.37 (complex, 9H), 3.71 (m, 2H): 19F-NMR (CD3CN, 283 MHz): δ=71.6 (s, 3F).
元素分析測定値(理論値):H 4.81% (4.95%); C 26.41% (26.53%); N 3.44% (3.44%); F 14.03% (13.99%).融解エントロピー: 6.1 J K-1 mol-1. 熱分解温度(10%減少時):325℃.
3)[Py13][f3C]
1H-NMR (CD3CN, 300 MHz): δ=0.96 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 2.15 (m, 4H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 2H), 3.39 (m, 4H); 19F-NMR (CD3CN, 283 MHz): δ=71.5 (s, 3F).
元素分析測定値(理論値):H 4.63% (4.66%); C 27.67% (27.76%); N 3.47% (3.60%); F 14.88% (14.64%). 融解エントロピー: 9.3 J K-1 mol-1 熱分解温度(10%減少時):343℃.
4)[PP13][f3C]
1H-NMR (CD3CN, 300 MHz): δ=0.963 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.59-1.88 (m, 8H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.24 (complex, 6H); 19F-NMR (CD3CN, 283 MHz): δ=71.5 (s, 3F).
元素分析測定値(理論値):H 4.97% (5.00%); C 29.59% (29.77%); N 3.47% (3.47%); F 14.22% (14.13%). 融解エントロピー: 8.6 J K-1 mol-1 熱分解温度(10%減少時):373℃.
製造例1で得たf3Cアニオンのカリウム塩(4)を等モルの[N6111]+、[N6222]+、[N1111]+、[N2222]+、[Py12]+、[C4mim]+、[C6mim]+の臭化物と反応させてカチオン交換を行うことにより、目的とする本発明のイオン液体である[N6111][f3C]、[N6222]+[f3C]、[N1111][f3C]、[N2222][f3C]、[PP14][f3C]、[Py12][f3C]、[Py14][f3C]、[C1mim][f3C]、[C4mim][f3C]、[C6mim][f3C]を得た。得られたイオン液体又は柔粘性結晶の物性値を以下に示す。また、融点、ガラス転移点、固体−固体相転移温度を表1に示す。
1)[N1111][f3C]、
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz): δ=3.06 (s, 12H); 19F NMR (DMSO-d6, 283 MHz): δ=71.9 (s, 3F). 熱分解温度(10%減少時):348℃.
2)[N2222][f3C]、
1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): δ=1.35 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 4 × 3H), 3.23 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 4 × 2H); 19F NMR (CDCl3, 283 MHz): δ=71.2 (s, 3F). 熱分解温度(10%減少時):317℃.
3)[N6111][f3C]、
1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): δ=0.91 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.15-1.47 (complex, 3 × 2H), 1.76 (m, 2H), 3.13 (s, 3 × 3H), 3.26 (m, 2H); 19F NMR (CDCl3, 283 MHz): δ=71.5 (s, 3F).熱分解温度(10%減少時):346℃.
1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): δ=0.91 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.23-1.41 (complex, 3 × 3H, 3 × 2H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 3.26 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 3 ×2H); 19F NMR (CDCl3, 283 MHz): δ=71.2 (s, 3F). 熱分解温度(10%減少時):340℃.
5)[Py12][f3C]、
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz): δ=1.24 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 2.04 (br, 2 × 2H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 3.23-3.50 (complex, 3 × 2H); 19F NMR (DMSO-d6, 283 MHz): δ=71.9 (s, 3F). 熱分解温度(10%減少時):284℃.
6)[C4mim][f3C]、
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz): δ=0.87(t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.21(m, 2H), 1.73(m, 2H), 3.81(s, 3H), 4.13(t, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (t, J= 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (t, J= 1.7 Hz, 1H), 9.07(s, 1H); 19F NMR (DMSO-d6, 283 MHz): δ=71.8 (s, 3F).熱分解温度(10%減少時):320℃.
7)[C6mim][f3C]
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz): δ=0.83(t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.15-1.32 (complex, 3 × 2H), 1.76(m, 2H), 3.81(s, 3H), 4.12(t, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (t, J= 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (t, J= 1.7 Hz, 1H), 9.07(s, 1H); 19F NMR (DMSO-d6, 283 MHz): δ=71.9 (s, 3F). 熱分解温度(10%減少時):327℃.
製造例1で得たf3Cアニオンのカリウム塩(4)を等モルの[PP14]+、[Py14]+、[C1mim]+、の臭化物と反応させて塩交換を行うことにより、[PP14][f3C]、[Py14][f3C]、[C1mim][f3C]を得た。得られたイオン液体又は柔粘性結晶の物性値を以下に示す。また、融点、ガラス転移点、固体−固体相転移温度を表1に示す。
1)[PP14][f3C]、
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz): δ=0.91 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.29 (m, 2H), 1.49 (m, 2H), 1.61 (m, 2H), 1.74 (br, 2 × 2H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.42 (br, 3 × 2H); 19F NMR (DMSO-d6, 283 MHz): δ=71.9 (s, 3F). 熱分解温度(10%減少時):349℃.
2)[Py14][f3C]、
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz): δ=0.90 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.27 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 2.05 (br, 2 × 2H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 3.30 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (m, 2 × 2H); 19F NMR (DMSO-d6, 283 MHz): δ=71.9 (s, 3F). 熱分解温度(10%減少時):351℃.
3)[C1mim][f3C]、
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz): δ=3.81(s, 2 × 3H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 8.99(s, 1H); 19F NMR (DMSO-d6, 283 MHz): δ=71.9 (s, 3F). 熱分解温度(10%減少時):333℃.
市販のTf3Cアニオンのカリウム塩を等モルの[EMI]+、[N1111]+、[N6111]+、[N6222]+、[PP14]+、[Py12]+、[Py14]+、[C1mim]+、[C4mim]+、[C6mim]+の臭化物と反応させて塩交換を行うことにより、[EMI][Tf3C]、[N1111][Tf3C]、[N6111][Tf3C]、[N6222][Tf3C]、[PP14][Tf3C]、[Py12][Tf3C]、[Py14][Tf3C]、[C1mim][Tf3C]、[C4mim][Tf3C]、[C6mim][Tf3C]を得た。得られたTf3C塩の融点又はTgを表2に示す。
比較例3
市販のf2Nアニオンのカリウム塩を等モルのEMI+の臭化物と反応させてカチオン交換を行うことにより、[EMI][f2N]を得、試験例1(2)でLi金属に対する安定性を評価した。
比較例4
市販のTf2Nアニオンのカリウム塩を等モルのEMI+の臭化物と反応させて塩交換を行うことにより、[EMI][Tf2N]を得、試験例1(2)及び(3)で評価した。
試験例1
(1)電気化学安定性
0.37 mol kg-1の Li[f3C] を含有する[EMI][f3C]中での白金電極上でのサイクリックボルタモグラムを測定した(図1)。また、0.37 mol kg-1の Li[f3C] を含有する[EMI][f3C]中でのニッケル電極上でのサイクリックボルタモグラムを測定した(図2)。
(2)Li金属に対する安定性
実施例1で得られた[EMI][f3C]、比較例2で得られた[EMI][Tf3C]、比較例3で得られた[EMI][f2N]、比較例4で得られた[EMI][Tf2N]を含むLi金属対称セルの電気化学交流インピーダンススペクトル(25℃、500 kHz〜0.1 Hz, 振幅 ±10 mV)を測定した(図3)。
(3)新規イオン液体LiCoO2/Liサイクル試験
[EMI][f3C](実施例1)と[EMI][Tf2N](比較例4)を使用し、LiCoO2/Liセルの1C充放電サイクル特性を測定した結果を図4に示す。(上段)[放電容量のサイクル依存性。(下段)充放電クーロン効率。 [EMI][Tf3C]にLi[Tf3C]を含有させてものは(2)で示したように大きな界面電荷移動抵抗を示すことか、その高すぎる粘度による大きな内部抵抗によって全く電池として作動しなかったが、本発明の[EMI][f3C]は良好に作動し、従来から知られている[EMI][Tf2N]よりも圧倒的にサイクル安定性にすぐれている。クーロン効率がほぼ1であることから、電解液の分解や電極の劣化などが抑えられていることが分かる。
(4)熱重量変化
窒素雰囲気下での[EMI][f3C]、[DEME][f3C]、[Py13][f3C]、[PP13][f3C]の熱重量変化を測定した。結果を図6に示す。いずれの塩も少なくとも 250℃程度の耐熱性を有することが明らかになった。
(5)DSC
[EMI][f3C](実施例1)と[EMI][Tf3C](比較例2:[Tf3C]=[(CF3SO2)3C])のDSC(昇温時、昇温速度10℃毎分)の測定結果を図7に示す。
Claims (9)
- アニオンとカチオンから構成されるイオン液体又は柔粘性結晶であって、アニオンが[C(SO2F)3]−を含み、カチオンが1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([EMI]+)、N,N-ジエチル-N-メチル-(2-メトキシエチル)アンモニウム([DEME]+)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピロリジニウム([Py13]+)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピペリジニウム([PP13]+)、テトラメチルアンモニウム([N1111]+)、テトラエチルアンモニウム([N2222]+)、トリメチルヘキシルアンモニウム([N6111]+)、トリエチルヘキシルアンモニウム([N6222]+)、N-メチル-N-エチルピロリジニウム([Py12]+)、1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([C4mim]+)及び1-ヘキシル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([C6mim]+)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、イオン液体又は柔粘性結晶。
- カチオンが1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([EMI]+)、N,N-ジエチル-N-メチル-(2-メトキシエチル)アンモニウム([DEME]+)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピロリジニウム([Py13]+)及びN-メチル-N-プロピルピペリジニウム([PP13]+)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載のイオン液体又は柔粘性結晶。
- カチオンが[EMI]+を含み、かつ、イオン液体である、請求項1又は2に記載のイオン液体又は柔粘性結晶。
- アニオンとカチオンから構成されるリチウム二次電池用非水電解質であって、アニオンが[C(SO2F)3]−を含み、カチオンが1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([EMI]+)、N,N-ジエチル-N-メチル-(2-メトキシエチルアンモニウム([DEME]+)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピロリジニウム([Py13]+)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピペリジニウム([PP13]+)、テトラメチルアンモニウム([N1111]+)、テトラエチルアンモニウム([N2222]+)、トリメチルヘキシルアンモニウム([N6111]+)、トリエチルヘキシルアンモニウム([N6222]+)、N-メチル-N-エチルピロリジニウム([Py12]+)、1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([C4mim]+)及び1-ヘキシル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([C6mim]+)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、リチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
- カチオンが1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム([EMI]+)、N,N-ジエチル-N-メチル-(2-メトキシエチル)アンモニウム([DEME]+)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピロリジニウム([Py13]+)及びN-メチル-N-プロピルピペリジニウム([PP13]+)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
- カチオンが[EMI]+を含む、請求項4又は5に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
- Li[C(SO2F)3]をさらに含む、請求項4〜6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解質。
- 請求項4〜7のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質を含む、リチウム二次電池。
- 負極がLi金属負極である、請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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