JPWO2015182453A1 - 被覆リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子及び被覆リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents
被覆リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子及び被覆リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2015182453A1 JPWO2015182453A1 JP2016523440A JP2016523440A JPWO2015182453A1 JP WO2015182453 A1 JPWO2015182453 A1 JP WO2015182453A1 JP 2016523440 A JP2016523440 A JP 2016523440A JP 2016523440 A JP2016523440 A JP 2016523440A JP WO2015182453 A1 JPWO2015182453 A1 JP WO2015182453A1
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- Prior art keywords
- composite oxide
- nickel composite
- lithium
- oxide particles
- conductive polymer
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Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 poly (p-phenylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002995 LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016365 Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000152 cobalt phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZBDSFTZNNQNSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);diphosphate Chemical compound [Co+2].[Co+2].[Co+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZBDSFTZNNQNSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(式中、xは0.80〜1.10、yは0.01〜0.20、zは0.01〜0.15、1−y−zは0.65を超える値であって、Mは、CoまたはMnから選ばれる少なくとも一種類の元素を示し、NはAl、InまたはSnから選ばれる少なくとも一種類の元素を示す。)
本発明に係るリチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子に被覆する導電性高分子とは、電気伝導性を持つ高分子化合物の呼称である。この高分子化合物の特徴は、分子構造中に二重結合と単結合が交互に並んだ構造、つまりπ共役が発達した主鎖を持つことにある。通常、導電性高分子の他、ドーパントと呼ばれるアクセプター分子、またはドナー分子をドーピングすることによってキャリアが発生し、電気伝導性を発現させる。ドーパントとは、例えば、Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+等のアルカリ金属イオン、テトラエチルアンモニウム等のアルキルアンモニウムイオンやハロゲン類、ルイス酸、プロトン類、遷移金属ハライド等を例示することができる。
ニッケル系リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子は、球状粒子であって、その平均粒径は、5〜20μmであることが好ましい。このような範囲とすることで、リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子として良好な電池性能を有するとともに、且つ良好な電池の繰り返し寿命(サイクル特性)を両立ができるため好ましい。
式中、xは0.80〜1.10、yは0.01〜0.20、zは0.01〜0.15、1−y−zは0.65を超える値であって、Mは、CoまたはMnより選ばれた少なくとも一種の元素を示し、NはAl、InまたはSnより選ばれた少なくとも一種の元素を示す。
被覆リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子を製造する方法、すなわちニッケル系リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子にシェルとなる導電性高分子を被覆する方法としては、様々な方法をとることができる。
SIGMA−ALDRICH製ポリアニリン(エメラルジン塩)、リグニングラフト型パウダー0.1gをエタノール284gに溶解させ溶液を作製した。この溶液にニッケル系リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子として遷移金属組成Li1.03Ni0.82Co0.15Al0.03で表される複合酸化物粒子50gを入れ、さらにトルエン16gを添加し混合し、スラリーを作製した。次に、スラリーをエバポレーターに移し、減圧下、45℃に温めたウォーターバスにフラスコ部を入れ、回転させながらエタノールを除去した。続いてウォーターバスの設定温度を60℃とし、トルエンの除去を行った。最後に完全に溶媒を除去するために粉末を真空乾燥機に移し、減圧下100℃、2時間の乾燥を行い、処理粉体を作製した。
SIGMA-ALDRICH製PEDOT/PSS(dry re-dispersible pellets)0.1gをエタノール284gに溶解させ溶液を作製した。この溶液にニッケル系リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子として遷移金属組成Li1.03Ni0.82Co0.15Al0.03で表される複合酸化物粒子50gを入れ、さらにトルエン16gを添加し混合し、スラリーを作製した。スラリーをエバポレーターに移し、減圧下、45℃に温めたウォーターバスにフラスコ部を入れ、回転させながらエタノールを除去した。続いてウォーターバスの設定温度を60℃とし、トルエンの除去を行った。最後に完全に溶媒を除去するために粉末を真空乾燥機に移し、減圧下100℃2時間の乾燥を行い、処理粉体を作製した。
処理を施さないリチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子を用いたこと以外、実施例1、実施例2と同様に大気安定性、ゲル化試験、電池特性試験を行った。
実施例及び比較例のリチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子をそれぞれ2.0gガラス瓶に詰め、温度30℃・湿度70%の恒湿恒温槽に1週間静置し初期質量からの増加質量を測定し、粒子質量当たりの変化率を算出した。比較例1に係るリチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子の1週間後の粒子質量当たりの変化率を100として実施例1〜2及び比較例1の1日ごとの変化率を図1に示す。
正極合剤スラリーの粘度の経時変化の測定を、以下の順序により正極合剤スラリーを作製し、粘度増加およびゲル化の観察を行った。
以下の手順にて、評価用非水電解質二次電池(リチウムイオン二次電池)を作製し、電池特性評価を行った。
本発明のリチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子の電池特性評価は、コイン型電池とラミネート型電池を作製し、コイン型電池で充放電容量測定を行い、ラミネートセル型電池で充放電サイクル試験と抵抗測定を行った。
得られた実施例及び比較例に係るリチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子に、導電助剤としてのアセチレンブラックと、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)とをこれらの材料の質量比が85:10:5となるように混合し、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)溶液に溶解させ、正極合剤スラリーを作製した。この正極合剤スラリーを、コンマコーターによりアルミ箔に塗布し、100℃で加熱し、乾燥させることにより正極を得た。得られた正極をロールプレス機に通して荷重を加え、正極密度を向上させた正極シートを作製した。この正極シートをコイン型電池評価用に直径がφ9mmとなるように打ち抜き、またラミネートセル型電池用に50mm×30mmとなるように切り出し、それぞれを評価用正極電極として用いた。
負極活物質としてグラファイトと、結着材としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)とを、これらの材料の質量比が92.5:7.5となるように混合し、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)溶液に溶解させて、負極合剤ペーストを得た。
作製した評価用電極を真空乾燥機中120℃で12時間乾燥した。そして、この正極を用いて2032型コイン電池とラミネートセル型電池を、露点が−80℃に管理されたアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で作製した。電解液には、1MのLiPF6を支持電解質とするエチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)の3:7(富山薬品工業株式会社製)、セパレーターとしてガラスセパレーターを用いてそれぞれの評価用電池を作製した。
作製したコイン型電池について、組立から24時間程度静置し、開回路電圧OCV(Open Circuit Voltage)が安定した後、25℃の恒温槽内で、0.2Cレートの電流密度でカットオフ電圧4.3Vになるまで充電した。1時間の休止後、カットオフ電圧3.0Vになるまで放電したときの放電容量を測定する充放電試験を行った。
作製したラミネート型電池について、コイン型電池と同様に、組立から24時間程度静置し、開回路電圧が安定した後、25℃の恒温槽内で、0.2Cレートの電流密度でカットオフ電圧4.1Vになるまで充電した。1時間の休止後、カットオフ電圧が3.0Vになるまで放電した。次にこの電池を、60℃の恒温槽内で2.0Cレートの電流密度で4.1V−CC充電、3.0V−CC放電を繰り返すサイクル試験を行い、500サイクル後の容量維持率を確認するサイクル試験を行った。サイクル試験の結果を図2に、サイクル試験前のインピーダンス試験結果を図3に、500回のサイクル試験後のインピーダンス試験結果を図4に示す。
Claims (6)
- ニッケル系リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子の表面に、導電性高分子が被覆されているリチウムイオン電池正極活物質用の被覆リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子。
- 前記導電性高分子の被覆量が、リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子100質量%に対して0.1〜5.0質量%である請求項1に記載の被覆リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子。
- 前記導電性高分子が、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン、ポリチオフェン、ポリ(p−フェニレン)、ポリフルオレンおよびそれらの誘導体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種類からなる重合体若しくは共重合体である請求項1又は2に記載の被覆リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子。
- 前記リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物が下記一般式(1)で表される請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の被覆リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子。
LixNi(1−y−z)MyNzO2 ・・・(1)
(式中、xは0.80〜1.10、yは0.01〜0.20、zは0.01〜0.15、1−y−zは0.65を超える値であって、Mは、CoまたはMnから選ばれる少なくとも一種類の元素を示し、NはAl、InまたはSnから選ばれる少なくとも一種類の元素を示す。) - 5〜20μmの平均粒径を有する球状粒子である請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の被覆リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子。
- 前記導電性高分子を溶解する良溶媒に溶解させて被覆用樹脂溶液とする工程と、
前記被膜用樹脂溶液に、前記被覆用樹脂を溶解せず前記良溶媒よりも沸点の高い貧溶媒を添加する工程と、
前記被膜用樹脂溶液に、前記リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子を添加してスラリーとする工程と、
前記スラリーから順次良溶媒および貧溶媒を除去する工程を含む請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の被覆リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物粒子の製造方法。
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JP2012204036A (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-10-22 | Hitachi Maxell Energy Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池用正極材料及び非水電解質二次電池 |
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JP2014096343A (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2014-05-22 | Toyota Industries Corp | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
WO2014185460A1 (ja) * | 2013-05-15 | 2014-11-20 | 三井造船株式会社 | 二次電池用正極材料、二次電池用正極材料の製造方法、及び二次電池 |
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JP6790824B2 (ja) | 2020-11-25 |
JP7040566B2 (ja) | 2022-03-23 |
WO2015182453A1 (ja) | 2015-12-03 |
EP3151315A4 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
US11196049B2 (en) | 2021-12-07 |
EP3151315B1 (en) | 2022-01-26 |
US20190355989A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
EP3151315A1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
JP2020191302A (ja) | 2020-11-26 |
US20170207454A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
CN106415901A (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
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