JPWO2015015671A1 - 空気清浄機 - Google Patents
空気清浄機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2015015671A1 JPWO2015015671A1 JP2015529324A JP2015529324A JPWO2015015671A1 JP WO2015015671 A1 JPWO2015015671 A1 JP WO2015015671A1 JP 2015529324 A JP2015529324 A JP 2015529324A JP 2015529324 A JP2015529324 A JP 2015529324A JP WO2015015671 A1 JPWO2015015671 A1 JP WO2015015671A1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- functional group
- filter
- air cleaner
- dust collection
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Abstract
Description
図3は、本実施形態の空気清浄機100のさらに別の実施形態を示す。図3の空気清浄機100は、集塵フィルタ10と放電電極20、接地電極30、電源40とを含む集塵部Aと、放電線60と接地電極70と電源80とを含むイオン化部Bを備えた空気清浄機100である。この空気清浄機100は、集塵部Aの風上に空気をイオン化して塵埃を帯電させるイオン化部Bを設けることを特徴とした空気清浄機の一例である。イオン化部Bを通過する際に、イオン化された空気の作用(イオン化部Bの周囲の気体を電離させて発生するイオンの作用)により、塵埃や細菌、ウイルスなどの微生物が帯電し、その帯電した塵埃等を集塵部Aに送り込み捕集させるため、集塵性能を高めることができる。
以下、実施例の電子線照射には、エレクトロカーテン型電子線照射装置(岩崎電気(株)製 CB250/15/180L)を用いた。集塵フィルタの実施例および比較例は以下の通り作製した。
集塵フィルタの基材として、エレクトレット性能を有するPP(ポリプロピレン)基材のメルトブロー不織布(東レ・ファインケミカル(株)製 EM05010)を、窒素雰囲気下にて、電子線を200kVの加速電圧で5Mrad照射した。ついでこの不織布を、窒素雰囲気下にて、30%発煙硫酸に1時間さらし、水洗、中和して、スルホン化を行った。得られたスルホン化PP不織布を、1%硫酸亜鉛水溶液に20分間浸漬し、水洗及び乾燥し、亜鉛イオン担持スルホン化不織布を得た。
サンプル1と同じPP不織布に、窒素雰囲気下にて、電子線を200kVの加速電圧で20Mrad照射した。ついでこの不織布を10%のメタクリル酸グリシジル溶液に浸漬し、グラフト重合反応を行い、さらに、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液でスルホン化を行った。得られたスルホン化PP不織布を1%硫酸銅水溶液に20分間浸漬し、水洗及び乾燥し、銅イオン担持スルホン化不織布を得た。
サンプル1と同じPP不織布に、実施例2と同様にグラフト重合反応を行い、さらに、ジエチルアミン溶液にグラフト重合反応を行った不織布を浸漬しアミノ化を行った。得られたアミノ化PP不織布を1%塩化金酸水溶液に20分間浸漬し、水洗及び乾燥し、金錯体担持アミノ化不織布を得た。
エレクトレット性能を持たない基材として、PP基材のスパンボンド不織布(旭化成せんい(株)製 P01100)にサンプル1と同様の方法にてスルホン化まで行った。得られたスルホン化PP不織布を1%硝酸銀水溶液に20分間浸漬し、水洗及び乾燥し、銀イオン担持スルホン化不織布を得た。
エレクトレット性能を持たない別の基材として、PE(ポリエチレン)基材のスパンボンド不織布(ユニチカ(株)製 S1003WDO)にサンプル1と同様の方法にてスルホン化まで行った。得られたスルホン化PE不織布を1%硝酸銀水溶液に20分間浸漬し、水洗及び乾燥し、銀イオン担持スルホン化不織布を得た。
市販の酸化ジルコニウム微粒子(日本電工株式会社製、PCS-60)をメタノールに対して10.0質量%、シランモノマーとして3−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業株式会社製、KBM−503)を酸化ジルコニウム微粒子に対して5.0質量%加えてpHを5.0に塩酸で調整した後、ビーズミルにより平均粒子径18nmに粉砕分散した。その後、凍結乾燥機により固液分離して120℃で加熱してシランモノマーを酸化ジルコニウム微粒子の表面に脱水縮合反応により化学結合させて薄膜を形成した。得られたシランモノマー被覆酸化ジルコニウム微粒子をメタノールに10.0質量%分散してビーズミルにより平均粒子径18nmに再度粉砕分散した後、メタノールを加えて固形分を5.0質量%に調整しスラリーを得た。その後、得られたスラリーをサンプル1の亜鉛イオン担持スルホン化不織布の片面にスプレーにて塗布し、80℃、1分間乾燥した後、電子線を200kVの加速電圧で5Mrad照射することで、シランモノマーで被覆された酸化ジルコニウム微粒子からなる薄膜を不織布に結合させてサンプル6の不織布を得た。
サンプル6の酸化ジルコニウム微粒子をシリカ微粒子に変えた以外は同じ方法で作成したスラリーを、サンプル3の金錯体担持アミノ化不織布の片面にスプレーにて塗布し、80℃、1分間乾燥した後、電子線を200kVの加速電圧で5Mrad照射することで、シランモノマーで被覆されたシリカ微粒子からなる薄膜を結合させてサンプル7の不織布を得た。
サンプル1の亜鉛イオン担持スルホン化不織布と、サンプル3の金錯体担持アミノ化不織布とを、ホットメルト接着剤としてヘンケルジャパン株式会社製MP843を、ノードソン株式会社製ALTA400シグレチャースプレーガンより糸状に吐出させ、貼り合せえることでサンプル8の不織布を得た。
サンプル1と同じPP不織布の未加工品をサンプル9とした。
サンプル1と同じPP不織布に、サンプル1と同様の方法にてスルホン化まで行ったスルホン化PP不織布をサンプル10とした。
サンプル1と同じPP不織布に、サンプル3と同様の方法にてアミノ化まで行ったアミノ化PP不織布をサンプル11とした。
サンプル1と同じPP不織布の未加工品の片面に、サンプル6と同様の方法にて酸化ジルコニウムを固定しサンプル12とした。
サンプル1と同じPP不織布の未加工品の片面に、サンプル7と同様の方法にてシリカ微粒子を固定しサンプル13とした。
未加工のガラス繊維紙(北越紀州製紙(株)製H−510A)をサンプル14とした。各サンプルの構成を表1に示す。
次に、集塵効率について測定した。図2のように、表1に記載のサンプル1〜8をそれぞれ電極間に設置し、電位差5kVの電圧を印加させた。放電電極として金属板を針状に打ち抜いたものを用い、接地電極としては金属メッシュを用いた。0.1μmのNaCl粒子を試験粒子として、捕集効率試験機(柴田科学(株)製、AP−632F型)にて、20L/minの流量時の集塵効率を測定し、実施例1〜8とした。また実施例1、4、5に印加を加えず集塵効率を測定したものを比較例1〜3とし、サンプル9、10、12のうち、電圧を印加せずに集塵効率を測定したものを比較例5、7、9とし、電圧を印加して、集塵効率を測定したものを比較例4、6、8とした。その結果を表2に示す。
直径36mmの大きさの各サンプルフィルタを試験体とし、捕集効率試験機(柴田科学(株)製 AP−632F型)を用いて、20L/minの流量時の各サンプルにおける通気抵抗を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。表2に示す通気抵抗は、各実施例、比較例に用いたフィルタのサンプルのみの測定値である。
サンプル1、3、6〜14の各サンプルを10cm×10cmの大きさに切り取り、サンプリングバッグに入れた後、塩基性ガスとしてアンモニアを60ppm含む空気を、酸性ガスとして酢酸を60ppm含む空気を同サンプリングバッグ内に5L封入し、サンプリングバッグ内の各ガスの残存濃度を所定の時間毎に検知管により測定した。測定時間は、ガス含有空気を封入してから、それぞれ5、15、30分後とし、結果を表3に示した。
サンプル1〜14の各サンプルの殺菌性評価は、大腸菌(Escherichia coli)を用いた。大腸菌の懸濁液 100μLをプラスチックシャーレ上に滴下し、その上から、2cm×2cmに切り取った各フィルタサンプルを載せて、懸濁液をサンプル全面に延ばした後、室温で60分間作用させた。60分後、20mg/mLのブイヨンタンパク質液(SCDLP培地)1900μLを添加し、ピペッティングにより細菌を洗い出し、上清液を回収した。その後、SCDLP培地を用いて、回収した上清液の10倍段階希釈系列を作製し、回収した上清液と各希釈段階液をそれぞれ1mLずつシャーレにとり、溶解したNB寒天培地を加えて、混和した。寒天培地が固化した後、37℃にて培養を行った。形成されたコロニー数をカウントし、生菌数(CFU/0.1mL, Log10);(CFU:colony-forming unit)を算出することで、それぞれの大腸菌に対する殺菌性を評価した。結果を表4に示す。
サンプル1〜14の各サンプルの抗ウイルス性評価は、MDCK細胞を用いて培養したインフルエンザウイルス(influenza A/北九州/159/93(H3N2))を用いた。ウイルスの懸濁液100μLをプラスチックシャーレ上に滴下し、その上から2cm×2cmに切り取った各フィルタサンプルを載せて、懸濁液をサンプル全面に延ばした後、室温で60分間作用させた。60分後、SCDLP培地1900μLを添加し、ピペッティングによりウイルスを洗い出し、上清液を回収した。その後、細胞培養培地(MEM)を用いて、回収した上清液の10倍段階希釈系列を作製した。回収した上清液と各希釈段階液0.1mLをMDCK細胞を培養した6穴細胞培養プレートに接種した。60分間静置しウイルスを細胞へ吸着させた後、0.7%寒天培地を重層し、48時間、34℃、5%CO2インキュベータにて培養後、ホルマリン固定、メチレンブルー染色を行い、形成されたプラーク数をカウントして、ウイルスの感染価(PFU/0.1mL,Log10);(PFU:plaque-forming units)を算出した。その試験結果を表4に示す。
次に、サンプル1、9、10を用いて、実機での浮遊ウイルス除去試験を行った。まず各サンプルを図2に示すようなフィルタユニットに搭載した電機集塵機を1m3のBOX内に設置し、集塵手段に電位差5kVの電圧を印加させた。ネブライザを用いてインフルエンザウイルス(influenza A/北九州/159/93(H3N2)、約1×1010個)を含む懸濁液をBOX内に噴霧し、ウイルスを浮遊させた。その後、電気集塵機を作動させ、0.2m3/minの流量でBOX内の空気を循環させた。循環してから15分後のBOX内の浮遊ウイルスをゼラチンフィルタで捕集した。捕集後のゼラチンフィルタをシャーレに取り、MEMを加えて37℃に置く事でゼラチンフィルタを溶解させた。その後、MEMを用いて、ゼラチンフィルタ溶解液の10倍段階希釈系列を作製した。ゼラチンフィルタ溶解液と各希釈段階液0.1mLを、MDCK細胞を培養した6穴細胞培養プレートに接種した。60分間静置しウイルスを細胞へ吸着させた後、0.7%寒天培地を重層し、48時間、34℃、5%CO2インキュベータにて培養後、ホルマリン固定、メチレンブルー染色を行い、形成されたプラーク数をカウントして、ウイルスの感染価(PFU/0.1mL,Log10)を算出した。電気集塵機がない場合のウイルス感染価(自然減衰)(P0)と循環後のウイルス感染価(Pm)から、各サンプルのBOX内の浮遊ウイルス除去率P(%)を次式(1)より求めた。
P(%)=(1−Pm/P0)×100 (1)
その結果とそれぞれの実施例、比較例の構成を表5に示す。
Claims (7)
- 電圧が印加される放電電極と、
前記放電電極に対向して配置される接地電極と、
前記放電電極と前記接地電極との間に配置され、通気性を有する繊維構造体で形成される集塵フィルタであって、前記繊維構造体の少なくとも一部の繊維に導入される消臭性を有する官能基と、導入された前記官能基の一部の官能基に結合する金属イオンと、を有する集塵フィルタと、
を備え、前記集塵フィルタで捕集した細菌及び/又はウイルスの不活化機能と消臭機能とを兼ね備えることを特徴とする空気清浄機。 - 前記金属イオンが銅、銀、亜鉛、金、白金、コバルト、ニッケル、スズ、アルミニウム、パラジウムから少なくとも1種選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気清浄機。
- 前記集塵フィルタに導入される消臭性を有する官能基が電子線グラフト重合法にて導入されることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の空気清浄機。
- 前記集塵フィルタに導入される消臭性を有する官能基が、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、カルボキシル基から少なくとも1種選択される塩基性ガス吸着能を有する酸性官能基であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の空気清浄機。
- 前記集塵フィルタに導入される消臭性を有する官能基が、アミノ基からなる酸性ガス吸着能を有する塩基性官能基であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の空気清浄機。
- 前記集塵フィルタに導入される消臭性を有する官能基が、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、カルボキシル基から少なくとも1種選択される塩基性ガス吸着能を有する酸性官能基およびアミノ基からなる酸性ガス吸着能を有する塩基性官能基であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の空気清浄機。
- 前記集塵フィルタが、酸性ガス吸着特性および/または塩基性ガス吸着特性を有する無機微粒子を含有することを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の空気清浄機。
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JP6568414B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-26 | 2019-08-28 | アマノ株式会社 | 白金ナノ粒子担持エレクトレットフィルターの製造方法 |
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EP3590591B1 (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2021-04-21 | Taurus Research and Development S.L.U. | Air filter for removing aldehydealdehyde-like vocs from indoor air |
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