JPWO2014002866A1 - 異常診断装置及び内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
異常診断装置及び内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
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- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/12—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/18—Ammonia
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/08—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1616—NH3-slip from catalyst
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1621—Catalyst conversion efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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Abstract
Description
この異常診断装置では、液体還元剤の供給量が適正であるにもかかわらずNOX浄化率が低下している場合には、選択還元触媒の異常が推定され、運転者等に選択還元触媒の交換等を促すことができる。
このように第2の触媒の異常を特定することとすれば、第2の触媒がNOXの浄化に利用される場合と利用されない場合とのNOX浄化率の差に基づいて、第2の触媒の異常を精度よく特定することができる。
このように高負荷運転時及び低負荷運転時を特定することとすれば、第2の触媒がNOXの浄化に利用される運転領域及び利用されない運転領域を切り分けることが可能となる。
すなわち、本発明の内燃機関の排気浄化装置は、第2の触媒の異常を特定可能な異常診断装置を備えているために、第2の触媒のみに異常が発生した場合に、当該第2の触媒のみを交換することが可能となり、コスト低減に資することができる。
なお、それぞれの図中において同じ符号が付されているものは、特に説明がない限り同一の構成要素を示しており、適宜説明が省略されている。
図1は、本実施の形態にかかる異常診断装置としての電子制御装置30が備えられた内燃機関の排気浄化装置10を概略的に示す図である。
図1において、内燃機関1は、代表的にはディーゼルエンジンであって、図示しない複数の燃料噴射弁を備えるとともに、排気が流通する排気管3が接続されている。燃料噴射弁は電子制御装置(以下「ECU:Electronic Control Unit」と称する。)30によって通電制御されるものであり、ECU30は、機関回転数やアクセル操作量、その他の情報に基づいて燃料噴射量を演算するとともに、算出された燃料噴射量に基づいて燃料噴射弁の通電時期及び通電時間を求めて、燃料噴射弁の通電制御を実行するようになっている。
図2(a)に示すように、第1の触媒13におけるアンモニアの最大吸着量Vmaxは、触媒温度Tcによって変化するものとなっている。すなわち、第1の触媒13は、触媒温度Tcが高くなるにつれて、アンモニアの最大吸着量Vmaxが小さくなる特性を有している。また、図2(b)に示すように、第1の触媒13は、アンモニアの吸着率Rstrが高いほど、NOXの浄化率Rpが高くなる特性を有している。
(1)概略的構成
図3は、ECU30の構成のうち、異常診断に関連する部分を機能的なブロックで表したものである。このECU30が異常診断装置としての機能を有している。
なお、以下、本実施の形態においては、触媒温度Tcとして第1の触媒13の温度Tc1を用いることとしている。
次に、本実施の形態にかかる異常診断装置としてのECU30によって実行される排気浄化装置10の異常診断方法の具体的な一例を、図4のフローチャート図に沿って説明する。以下に説明する異常診断方法のルーチンは、内燃機関1の運転中において、常時、又は所定のサイクルごとの割り込みによって実行されるようになっている。
以上説明したように、本実施の形態にかかる異常診断装置30及びそれを備えた排気浄化装置10は、内燃機関1の低負荷運転状態でのNOX浄化率Rpの診断結果と高負荷運転状態でのNOX浄化率Rpの診断結果とをそれぞれ取得し、それらの診断結果に基づいて、第1の触媒13及び第2の触媒14に異常が生じているか、あるいは、第2の触媒14にのみ異常が生じているかを特定することとしている。したがって、第2の触媒14のみに異常が発生した場合に、当該第2の触媒のみを交換することが可能となり、コスト低減に資することができる。
ここまでに説明した本実施の形態にかかる異常診断装置30及び内燃機関の排気浄化装置10は、上述した例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲において種々改変することが可能である。
Claims (4)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に備えられてアンモニアを吸着するとともに排気中のNOXを前記アンモニアを用いて選択的に浄化する機能を有する第1の触媒と、
前記第1の触媒よりも下流側の排気通路に備えられて前記第1の触媒から流出するアンモニアを吸着するとともに前記第1の触媒から流出するNOXを前記アンモニアを用いて選択的に浄化する機能を有する第2の触媒と、
前記第1の触媒よりも上流側で前記排気通路内にアンモニア由来の液体還元剤を供給する還元剤供給装置と、
前記第1の触媒よりも上流側のNOX濃度を検出するための上流側NOX濃度検出手段と、
前記第2の触媒よりも下流側のNOX濃度を検出するための下流側NOX濃度検出手段と、
を備えた排気浄化装置の異常を診断するための異常診断装置において、
前記排気浄化装置におけるNOX浄化率を診断する浄化率診断部と、
前記内燃機関の高負荷運転時において得られた前記NOX浄化率の診断結果及び前記内燃機関の低負荷運転時において得られた前記NOX浄化率の診断結果に基づき前記第2の触媒の異常を特定する異常判定部と、
を備えることを特徴とする異常診断装置。 - 前記異常判定部は、前記低負荷運転時のNOX浄化率が正常範囲であり、かつ、前記高負荷運転時のNOX浄化率が低下している場合に、前記第2の触媒の異常を特定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の異常診断装置。
- 前記浄化率診断部は、触媒温度及び排気流量に基づいて前記内燃機関の高負荷運転時又は低負荷運転時を特定し、前記高負荷運転時のNOX浄化率の診断及び前記低負荷運転時のNOX浄化率の診断を実行することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の異常診断装置。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載された異常診断装置を備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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JP6256391B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-13 | 2018-01-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化システムの故障診断装置 |
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US11813926B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-14 | Denso International America, Inc. | Binding agent and olfaction sensor |
US11636870B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-04-25 | Denso International America, Inc. | Smoking cessation systems and methods |
US11760170B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Olfaction sensor preservation systems and methods |
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JPH11229859A (ja) * | 1998-02-12 | 1999-08-24 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | 内燃機関 |
US6125629A (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2000-10-03 | Engelhard Corporation | Staged reductant injection for improved NOx reduction |
JP2004052555A (ja) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-02-19 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | 触媒温度推定装置 |
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JP2009156159A (ja) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-16 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気ガス浄化システムの異常部位の判定装置 |
JP5258319B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-15 | 2013-08-07 | ボッシュ株式会社 | 酸化触媒の故障診断装置及び酸化触媒の故障診断方法、並びに内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2011226293A (ja) * | 2010-04-15 | 2011-11-10 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気浄化装置の故障検出装置 |
JP2012031826A (ja) * | 2010-08-02 | 2012-02-16 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気浄化装置の異常検出システム |
JP2012036858A (ja) * | 2010-08-09 | 2012-02-23 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | 触媒劣化診断装置 |
JP2012082703A (ja) * | 2010-10-07 | 2012-04-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 選択還元型NOx触媒の劣化検出装置及び方法 |
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JP5837197B2 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
WO2014002866A1 (ja) | 2014-01-03 |
EP2878782B1 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
CN104364484A (zh) | 2015-02-18 |
CN104364484B (zh) | 2016-12-14 |
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