JP2019190360A - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/021—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting ammonia NH3
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/0412—Methods of control or diagnosing using pre-calibrated maps, tables or charts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/0416—Methods of control or diagnosing using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/0601—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing being estimated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1616—NH3-slip from catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1622—Catalyst reducing agent absorption capacity or consumption amount
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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Abstract
Description
1.システム全体構成について
図1は、本発明の実施の形態の排気浄化装置及びその周辺機器を含むシステム全体の構成を模式的に示す図である。図1のシステムは、圧縮自着火式の内燃機関(以下「エンジン」と称する)2を有する。図1には、4つの気筒が図示されているが、気筒の数及びその配列に限定はない。エンジン2の排気通路4のターボチャージャの下流には、DOC(Diesel Oxidation Catalyst)10及びDPF(Diesel Particulate Filter)12が配置されている。
(1)SCR触媒の異常診断の概念
制御装置30が有する機能の1つに、SCR触媒20の異常の有無を自己診断するOBD(On-board diagnostics)機能がある。以下、制御装置30によるSCR触媒20の異常診断の制御について説明する。図2は、異常劣化触媒のSCR床温とNH3吸着量との関係を示す図であり、図3は正常触媒のSCR床温とNH3吸着量との関係を示す図である。「異常劣化触媒」とは、浄化性能に異常有りと診断されるほどに劣化したSCR触媒を意味し、「正常触媒」とは、正常な浄化性能を有するSCR触媒を意味するものとする。また、「SCR床温」はSCR触媒20の床温を意味する。
図2において、SCR触媒20が異常劣化触媒である場合に、NH3スリップが確実に発生するNH3の吸着上限を破線a1で示す。破線a1で示した吸着上限は、異常劣化触媒における最大吸着量(曲線a)に対して、ばらつき等を考慮したマージンを加算した値である。アクティブ添加における供給量である異常診断時供給量Aは、現在のNH3吸着量Cと吸着上限(破線a1)との差分よりも確実に大きくなる値に設定されている。これにより、SCR触媒20が異常劣化触媒である場合、アクティブ添加によって確実にNH3スリップを起こし、触媒異常有りの判定がされるようになっている。
ところで、上述したアクティブ添加の条件成立の判断等のためには、SCR触媒20のNH3吸着量を把握する必要がある。本実施の形態において、制御装置30は、SCR触媒20のNH3吸着量を算出するための機能を有する。
図5は、制御装置30による異常診断の制御のタイミングチャートである。図5に示す例では、アクティブ添加条件が成立し、アクティブ添加フラグがONとされると、アクティブ添加が実行される。
(1)尿素水供給量の減量制御の概要
制御装置30が有する機能の1つに、SCR触媒20の異常の有無の診断後に、NH3を減量する機能がある。以下、制御装置30のこの機能による、尿素水供給量の減量制御について説明する。
(2)要求当量比
図7は、SCR床温と、排気ガス流量と、NH3吸着量と、当量比との関係について説明するための図である。図7を用いて、要求当量比の算出方法について説明する。ここで要求当量比は、NOxを還元処理するために必要な過不足ない尿素水の添加量であり、単位濃度あたりに必要な添加量を示す。要求当量比に、NOx濃度が乗じられることで、尿素水供給量が算出される。
図8は、本実施の形態の尿素水供給量の減量制御について説明するためのタイミングチャートである。図8に示されるように、アクティブ添加及びSCR触媒の異常診断実行中のt1〜t2の期間に、SCR触媒20のNH3吸着量は通常時の吸着量から急増している。なお、図8の例では、SCR触媒20は正常触媒である。
図9は、制御装置30が実行する具体的な制御ルーチンについて説明するためのフローチャートである。図9に示されるように、まず、ステップS102において、NH3吸着量が算出される。ここでは、SCR触媒20の診断結果に基づき、例えばSCR触媒20が正常であれば、正常触媒の場合のNH3吸着量のみが算出される。算出の方法は上述した通りである。
4 排気通路
10 DOC
12 DPF
14 燃料添加弁
20 SCR触媒
22 尿素添加弁
30 制御装置
32 排気温度センサ
34 NOxセンサ
36 NH3センサ
41―44 演算ユニット
Claims (1)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に配置され、アンモニアを還元剤として排気中の窒素酸化物を還元する選択還元型触媒と、
前記選択還元型触媒より上流側に設置され、前記排気通路に尿素水を供給する尿素水供給装置と、
前記選択還元型触媒に流入する窒素酸化物の濃度に応じた目標供給量の尿素水が、前記選択還元型触媒に供給されるように、前記尿素水供給装置を制御するように構成された制御装置と、
を備え、
前記制御装置は、更に、
前記目標供給量より多い供給量である異常診断時供給量の尿素水が、前記選択還元型触媒に供給されるように、前記尿素水供給装置を制御して、
前記異常診断時供給量の尿素水が供給されている間に、前記選択還元型触媒の下流側に排出されるアンモニアの量に応じて、前記選択還元型触媒の異常の有無を診断し、
前記選択還元型触媒の異常の有無の診断後に、
前記選択還元型触媒に吸着されているアンモニアの推定量が基準吸着量より多く、かつ、
単位あたりの窒素酸化物の浄化に必要とされる尿素水の量が、基準尿素水量より少ない場合に、
前記尿素水の供給量が、前記目標供給量より少なくなるように、前記尿素水供給装置を制御する、
ように構成されている内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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JP2018083345A JP6962266B2 (ja) | 2018-04-24 | 2018-04-24 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US16/291,219 US10392993B1 (en) | 2018-04-24 | 2019-03-04 | Exhaust gas control apparatus for internal combustion engine |
EP19162208.3A EP3561248B1 (en) | 2018-04-24 | 2019-03-12 | Exhaust gas control apparatus for internal combustion engine |
CN201910242923.0A CN110397492B (zh) | 2018-04-24 | 2019-03-28 | 用于内燃机的排气控制设备 |
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JP2004176719A (ja) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-06-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | 排気ガス後処理システムを監視するための方法および装置 |
JP2012082718A (ja) * | 2010-10-07 | 2012-04-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気浄化システムの異常検出装置及び異常検出方法 |
WO2015046273A1 (ja) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化装置の異常診断装置 |
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DE10300298A1 (de) * | 2003-01-02 | 2004-07-15 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung und -verfahren |
EP2278144B1 (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2018-07-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | NOx SENSOR ABNORMALITY DIAGNOSING APPARATUS AND ABNORMALITY DIAGNOSING METHOD |
JP5120464B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-19 | 2013-01-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化装置の異常検出装置及び排気浄化装置の異常検出方法 |
JP4874364B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-14 | 2012-02-15 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP4875744B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-09 | 2012-02-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 排気浄化システムの触媒劣化判定装置 |
JP5471831B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-25 | 2014-04-16 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | Scrシステム |
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2019
- 2019-03-04 US US16/291,219 patent/US10392993B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2019-03-12 EP EP19162208.3A patent/EP3561248B1/en active Active
- 2019-03-28 CN CN201910242923.0A patent/CN110397492B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN110397492A (zh) | 2019-11-01 |
EP3561248A1 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
US10392993B1 (en) | 2019-08-27 |
JP6962266B2 (ja) | 2021-11-05 |
CN110397492B (zh) | 2021-06-11 |
EP3561248B1 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
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