JPWO2013018607A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2013018607A1 JPWO2013018607A1 JP2013526839A JP2013526839A JPWO2013018607A1 JP WO2013018607 A1 JPWO2013018607 A1 JP WO2013018607A1 JP 2013526839 A JP2013526839 A JP 2013526839A JP 2013526839 A JP2013526839 A JP 2013526839A JP WO2013018607 A1 JPWO2013018607 A1 JP WO2013018607A1
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- lithium
- electrode active
- electrolyte secondary
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);cobalt(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
Description
(1)活物質の容量を高くする、
(2)充電電圧を高くする、
(3)活物質の充填量を増やし充填密度を高くする、
などの方法が考えられる。
リチウムイオンの吸蔵・放出が可能な正極活物質を含む正極活物質合剤層を備えた正極極板と、リチウムイオンの吸蔵・放出が可能な負極活物質を含む負極活物質合剤層を備えた負極極板と、非水電解質とを備える非水電解質二次電池において、
前記正極活物質として、LiaNixCoyMn1−x−yO2(0.9≦a≦1.1、0<x<1、0<y<1、2x≧1−y)で表されるニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムを、少なくとも1質量%以上含有し、
前記正極活物質合剤層には、酸化モリブデン(MoOz;2≦z≦3)をニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムに対して0.01〜3.0質量%含有している、ことを特徴とする。
すなわち、2酸化モリブデン、3酸化モリブデン、及びその非化学両論組成体はリチウム基準の電位で1.0〜2.5Vあたりに反応電位が存在するため、正極活物質合剤中に混合された酸化モリブデンは、充放電反応そのものには寄与しないが、徐々に化学的に溶解する特徴がある。
[正極活物質]
正極活物質としてのニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムは以下のようにして得た。出発原料として、リチウム源には水酸化リチウム(LiOH・H2O)を用いた。遷移金属源にはニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンの共沈水酸化物(Ni0.33Co0.34Mn0.33(OH)2)を用いた。これらをリチウムと遷移金属(ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガン)のモル比が1:1になるように秤量し混合した。得られた混合物を酸素雰囲気下において400℃で12時間焼成し乳鉢で解砕した後、さらに酸素雰囲気下において900℃で24時間焼成し、ニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムを得た。これを乳鉢で平均粒径15μmになるまで粉砕して、本実施例で用いる正極活物質とした。なお、ニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムの化学組成はICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma:誘導結合プラズマ発光分析)により測定した。
上記のようにして得られた正極活物質としてのニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムに対して、三酸化モリブデン(MoO3)を0.1質量%添加した後混合し、正極活物質と三酸化モリブデンとの混合物を得た。
この混合物96質量部に対し、導電剤としての炭素粉末が2質量部、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン粉末が2質量部となるよう混合し,これをN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶液と混合して正極活物質合剤スラリーを調製した。
上記のようにして得られた正極活物質合剤スラリーを厚さ15μmのアルミニウム製正極芯体の両面にドクターブレード法により、塗布質量が片面で21.2mg/cm2、両面で42.4mg/cm2、一方の面の塗布部分が277mm、未塗布部分が57mm、他方の面の塗布部分が208mm、未塗布部分が126mmとなるように塗布した。その後、乾燥機中を通過させて乾燥させることにより、正極芯体の両面に正極活物質合剤層を形成した。次いで、圧縮ローラーを用いて両面塗布部分の厚みが132μmになるように圧縮することで、本実施例に用いる正極極板を得た。
負極活物質としての黒鉛97.5質量部と、増粘剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)1.0質量部と、結着剤としてのスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)1.5質量部とを、適量の水と混合して負極活物質合剤スラリーとした。この負極活物質合剤スラリーを厚さ10μmの銅製負極芯体の両面にドクターブレード法により、塗布質量が片面で11.3mg/cm2、両面で22.6mg/cm2、一方の面の塗布部分が284mm、未塗布部分が33mm、他方の面の塗布部分が226mm、未塗布部分が91mmとなるように塗布した。その後、乾燥機中を通過させて乾燥させることにより、負極芯体の両面に負極活物質合剤層を形成した。次いで圧縮ローラーを用いて両面塗布部分の厚みが155μmとなるように圧縮しすることで、本実施例に用いる負極極板を得た。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを体積比3:7で混合した溶媒に対し、ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を、濃度が1mol/Lとなるように溶解させた後、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)を1質量%添加することで本実施例に用いる電解液を調製した。
上記のようにして作製した正極極板と負極極板とを、正極極板にはアルミニウム製のリード線を、負極極板にはニッケル製のリード線を溶接した後、ポリエチレン製微多孔膜から成るセパレータを介して扁平型に巻回することで、本実施例に用いる渦巻状の電極体を作製した。
上記のようにして作製した扁平状巻回電極体をラミネート容器に封入し、Arを満たしたグローブボックス内で、上記のようにして得られた電解液を注液した。その後、注液口を塞ぐことで、本実施例にかかる非水電解質二次電池(設計容量:800mAh)を作製した。
実施例2及び3においては、ニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウム中のニッケル、コバルト、マンガンの組成比を変更した点以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
実施例4〜6においては、実施例1ないし2で用いたニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムとコバルト酸リチウムとを所定の混合比で混合した混合物を正極活物質として用い、更に、実施例6においては、MoO3の混合量を正極活物質に対して、0.01質量%に変更した点以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
実施例7、8及び比較例4においては、正極活物質合剤中のMoO3の含有量を変更した点以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
実施例9においては、正極活物質合剤中に添加する酸化モリブデンを、MoO2に変更した点以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
比較例1〜3においては、酸化モリブデンを添加しない点以外は、それぞれ実施例1、2及び4と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
比較例5及び6においては、正極活物質としてニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウム用いず、コバルト酸リチウムのみを用いて、非水電解質二次電池を作製した。両者の差異は、酸化モリブデンの添加の有無の違いである。
上記のようにして作製された各実施例及び比較例にかかる非水電解質二次電池について、下記の条件で高電圧高温サイクル特性試験を行った。
・充電:1.0It(800mA)の電流で電池電圧が4.4V(正極電位はリチウム基準で4.5V)となるまで定電流充電を行い、その後4.4Vの定電圧で電流値が1/20It(40mA)となるまで充電した。
・放電:1.0Itの電流で電池電圧が3.0V(正極電位はリチウム基準で3.1V)となるまで定電流放電を行った。
・休止:充電完了から放電開始、放電終了から充電開始の間の休止間隔は、それぞれ10分間とした。
・環境温度:45℃の恒温槽内で実施した。
上記の条件での充電−休止−放電−休止を、1サイクルの充放電とし、充放電サイクルを200サイクル繰り返し、1回目の放電容量及び200回目の放電容量から、以下の計算式によって得られる値を200サイクル後容量維持率(%)として求めた。
200サイクル後容量維持率(%)
=(200サイクル目放電容量/1サイクル目放電容量)×100
これらの結果を表1に纏めて示す。
すなわち、正極活物質としてニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムを用い、かつ、正極活物質合剤中に酸化モリブデンを含有する実施例1〜3、7及び8の非水電解質二次電池は、酸化モリブデンを含まない比較例1及び2と比べて、200サイクル後の容量維持率が高く、電池厚みの増加量も少ない。
Claims (4)
- リチウムイオンの吸蔵・放出が可能な正極活物質を含む正極活物質合剤層を備えた正極極板と、リチウムイオンの吸蔵・放出が可能な負極活物質を含む負極活物質合剤層を備えた負極極板と、非水電解質と、を備える非水電解質二次電池において、
前記正極活物質として、LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2(0.9≦a≦1.1、0<x<1、0<y<1、2x≧1−y)で表されるニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムを、少なくとも1質量%以上含有し、
前記正極活物質合剤層には、酸化モリブデン(MoOz;2≦z≦3)をニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムに対して0.01〜3.0質量%含有している、ことを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記正極活物質は、ニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウムと、コバルト酸リチウム、ニッケル酸リチウム及びニッケルコバルト酸リチウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種との混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質が黒鉛である請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記正極極板の充電電位がリチウム基準で4.40V以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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