JPWO2008072595A1 - ドーピング酸化チタンの製造方法、ドーピング酸化チタン及びこれを用いる可視光応答型光触媒 - Google Patents
ドーピング酸化チタンの製造方法、ドーピング酸化チタン及びこれを用いる可視光応答型光触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2008072595A1 JPWO2008072595A1 JP2008508995A JP2008508995A JPWO2008072595A1 JP WO2008072595 A1 JPWO2008072595 A1 JP WO2008072595A1 JP 2008508995 A JP2008508995 A JP 2008508995A JP 2008508995 A JP2008508995 A JP 2008508995A JP WO2008072595 A1 JPWO2008072595 A1 JP WO2008072595A1
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- Prior art keywords
- titanium oxide
- doped
- polymer
- doped titanium
- visible light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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Abstract
Description
(I)アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)を水性媒体中に分散又は溶解させる工程、
(II)(I)で得られた水性分散体又は水性溶液と、水溶性チタン化合物(z)とを水性媒体中、50℃以下の温度条件下で混合し加水分解反応を行うことによって、アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)がチタニアに挟まれた、ポリマー/チタニアの層状構造複合体を得る工程、
(III)前記層状構造複合体を熱焼成することにより、アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)中の炭素原子と、窒素原子とが酸化チタン結晶表面にドーピングされる工程、
とを有することを特徴とする少なくても炭素原子と窒素原子とがドーピングされた酸化チタンの製造方法を提供するものである。
(I)アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)と金属イオンとの錯体(y)を水性媒体中に分散又は溶解させる工程、
(II)(I)で得られた水性分散体又は水性溶液と、水溶性チタン化合物(z)とを水性媒体中、50℃以下の温度条件下で混合し加水分解反応を行うことによって、アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)と金属イオンとの錯体(y)がチタニアに挟まれた、ポリマー/チタニアの層状構造複合体を得る工程、
(III)前記層状構造複合体を熱焼成することにより、アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)と金属イオンとの錯体(y)中の炭素原子と、窒素原子と、金属イオンとが酸化チタン結晶表面にドーピングされる工程、
とを有することを特徴とする少なくても炭素原子と窒素原子と金属イオンとがドーピングされた酸化チタンの製造方法をも提供するものである。
本発明のドーピング酸化チタンの製造方法は、ポリマーまたはポリマー金属錯体とチタニアナノ結晶とがナノメートルオーダーの層間距離、好ましくは1〜3nmの層間距離を持ちながら層状化された複合体を前駆体として用い、それを熱焼成することにより、不純物がドーピングされた酸化チタンへ変換させることを特徴とする。この様な製造方法を用いることによって、結晶の大きさを10nm前後に制御することが可能となる。
〔ポリマー(x)〕
本発明において使用するアミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)は特に限定されるものではなく、通常の水溶性のポリアミン類等を用いることができる。
本発明の製造方法で用いる、アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)と金属イオンとの錯体(y)は、前述のアミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)に、金属イオンを加えることで得られ、金属イオンと前記ポリマー(x)中のアミノ基との配位結合によって錯体(y)を形成するものである。
本発明で用いるチタン化合物は水溶性であり、水中溶解された状態では加水分解しない、即ち、純水中で安定な非ハロゲン類チタン化合物であることが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、チタニウムビス(アンモニウムラクテート)ジヒドロキシド水溶液、チタニウムビス(ラクテート)の水溶液、チタニウムビス(ラクテート)のプロパノール/水混合液、チタニウム(エチルアセトアセテート)ジイソプロポオキシドなどが挙げられる。
ポリマー/チタニアの層状構造複合体は、アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)、またはアミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)と金属イオンとの錯体(y)の水溶液中、水溶性チタン化合物(z)を混合することで得ることができる。
単離乾燥した試料を測定試料用ホルダーにのせ、それを株式会社リガク製広角X線回折装置「Rint−Ultma」にセットし、Cu/Kα線、40kV/30mA、スキャンスピード1.0°/分、走査範囲0〜40°の条件で測定を行った。(乾燥条件:25℃×24時間)。
粉末測定パッチにより秤量し、それをSII Nano Technology Inc社製のTG/DTA6300装置にセットし、昇温速度を10℃/分として、20℃から800℃の温度範囲にて測定を行った。
試料の粉末をRENISHAW社製(UK)Raman−G99013にてラマンスペクトルを測定した。
単離乾燥した試料をガラススライドに乗せ、それを株式会社キーエンス製表面観察装置VE−8100にて観察した。(乾燥条件:25℃×24時間)
単離乾燥した試料を炭素蒸着された銅グリッドに乗せ、それをJEM−2200FS(株式会社日本電子製)透過型電子顕微鏡にて観察した。(乾燥条件:25℃×24時間)。
ESRスペクトルはJEOL JES−FA200 (X−Band)(株式会社日本電子製)電子スピン共鳴装置にて測定した。サンプルは粉末状態のまま、窒素置換のグローブボックス中、測定用チューブに詰め入れ、常温下、frequency=9193MHz、Power=2.61mW、modulation、Fq=100kHz条件で測定した。
UV−Vis反射スペクトルは日立製作所製のU−3500分光光度計にて、積分球にサンプルセットすることにより測定した。
一定量のドーピング酸化チタン粉末を一定量のメチレンブルーの水溶液(濃度一定)と混合し、光照射装置にて一定時間光照射し、反応液の上澄みを取り出し、それの吸光度の変化をUV−Visにて測定し、脱色反応の進行状態を調べた。
一定量のドーピング酸化チタン粉末を一定量のメチレンブルーの水溶液(濃度一定)と混合し、光照射装置にて一定時間光照射し、反応液の上澄みを取り出し、それの吸光度の変化をUV−Visにて測定し、脱色反応の進行状態を調べた。
[ポリエチレンイミンとチタニアとの層状複合体(P1)]
水溶性チタン化合物オルガチックス TC−310(松本製薬工業株式会社製チタンラクテート)を25%アンモニア水と混合し、28vol%濃度(pH=9)のTC−310水溶液を調製した。該溶液20ml中に、室温(25℃)下、撹拌しながら、20mlの2wt%ポリエチレンイミン(製品名「エポミンSP−200」、日本触媒株式会社製)の水溶液を滴下した。この混合液を30分間撹拌し、白い沈殿物を得た。この沈殿物を濾過、蒸留水洗浄後、真空乾燥器中50℃で一晩乾燥した。収量は1.2gであった。XRD測定結果、2θ角が3〜5°間に強い散乱ピークが現れた。この小角域のピークは粉末中の周期的な層状構造の存在を強く示唆する(図1.1)。同時に、ラマン分光測定から、チタニアのアナターゼ結晶由来のスペクトルパターン(145,394,513,636cm−1)が明確に現れた(図1.2)。また、13C−NMRでは、25ppm当たりにエチレンイミン(−NHCH2CH2−)炭素由来のピーク、85と190ppmではTC−310原料から脱離した乳酸残基由来のピークが現れた(図1.3上)。これらの結果は、該粉末サンプルには、有機物とチタニアのアナターゼ結晶からなる層状構造の存在(層間距離2.86nm)を強く示唆するものである。
[鉄イオン含有ポリエチレンイミンとチタニアとの層状複合体(PFe−20)]
水溶性チタン化合物TC−310を25%アンモニア水と混合し、28vol%濃度(pH=9)のTC−310水溶液を調製した。一方、ポリエチレンイミン(SP200)と硝酸鉄Fe(NO3)3が含まれ、かつエチレンイミンユニットとFeイオンとのモル比が20/1となり、ポリエチレンイミン濃度が2wt%となる水溶液を調製した。撹拌下、20mlの上記チタン水溶液を20mlの上記ポリエチレンイミン水溶液中に滴下した。この混合液を30分間撹拌し、茶色の沈殿物を得た。該沈殿物を濾過、蒸留水洗浄後、真空乾燥器中50℃で一晩乾燥した。収量は1.12gであった。XRD測定結果、2θ角が3〜5°間に強い散乱ピークが現れた。この小角域のピークは粉末中の周期的な層状構造の存在を強く示唆する(図2.1)。同時に、ラマン分光測定から、チタニアのアナターゼ結晶由来のスペクトルパターン(145,394,513,636cm−1)が明確に現れた(図2.2)。また、13C−NMRでは、25ppm当たりにエチレンイミン炭素由来のピーク、85と190ppmではTC−310原料から脱離した乳酸残基由来のピークが現れた(図2.3)。これらの結果は、該粉末サンプルには、有機物とチタニアのアナターゼ結晶からなる層状構造の存在を強く示唆するものである。
[鉄イオン含有量が異なるポリエチレンイミンとチタニアとの層状複合体]
2wt%ポリエチレンイミン水溶液中、エチレンイミンユニットと鉄イオンとのモル比が10/1、50/1、100/1、200/1となる水溶液を用いた以外、上記合成例2と同様な方法で、複合体PFe−10,PFe−50,PFe−100,PFe−200を合成した。表1にそれらの結果をまとめた。
[亜鉛、マンガン、銅、コバルト、ニッケルを含むポリエチレンイミンとチタニアとの層状複合体]
2wt%ポリエチレンイミン水溶液中、エチレンイミンユニットと金属硝酸塩の金属イオンとのモル比が20/1となる、亜鉛、マンガン、銅、コバルト、ニッケル金属イオン含む水溶液を用いた以外、上記合成例2と同様な方法で、複合体PZn−20,PMn−20,PCu−20,PCo−20,PNi−20を合成した。表2にそれらの結果をまとめた。
[クロムとチタニアとの層状複合体]
2wt%ポリエチレンイミン水溶液中、エチレンイミンユニットとクロムイオンとのモル比が25/1、50/1、100/1、200/1、500/1となる水溶液を用いた以外、上記合成例2と同様な方法で、複合体PCr−10,PCr−50,PCr−100,PCr−200を合成した。表1にそれらの結果をまとめた。
[ドーピング酸化チタン(T−01)の合成]
合成例1で得た層状複合前駆体P1粉末1gをアルミナ坩堝中に入れ、電気炉中にて400℃まで加熱し、その温度下1時間予備焼成した。その後、炉内に窒素ガス(N2ガスの流量約200ml/min)を導入しながら、炉内温度を500℃まで上昇させ、その条件下で3時間保持した後、温度を室温まで自然降下させた。この熱焼成により灰色の粉末(T−01)が得られた。収量は0.5gであった。
[ドーピング酸化チタン(TFe−10,TFe−20,TFe−50,TFe−100,TFe−200)の合成]
合成例2〜6で得た層状複合前駆体PFe−10,PFe−20,PFe−50,PFe−100,PFe−200を用いた以外、実施例1と同様な方法と条件下で熱焼成を行い、茶色の粉末(それぞれ、TFe−10、TFe−20、TFe−50、TFe−100、TFe−200と称す。)を得た。
[ドーピング酸化チタン(TZn−20,TMn−20,TCu−20,TCo−20,TNi−20)の合成]
合成例7〜11で得た前駆体PZn−20,PMn−20,PCu−20,PCo−20,PNi−20を用いた以外、実施例1と同様な方法と条件下で熱焼成を行い、それぞれの着色粉末(それぞれ、TZn−20、TMn−20、TCu−20、TCo−20と称す。)を得た。図5.1にそれらのXRD結果、図5.2には拡散反射UV−VISスペクトルを示した。
[ドーピング酸化チタン(TCr−25,TCr−50,TCr−100,TCr−200,TCr−500)の合成]
合成例12〜16で得た前駆体を炉内に取り入れ、まずは空気雰囲気下400℃まで加熱し、その温度で30分焼成した後、窒素ガスを導入しながら、900℃まで温度上昇し、その温度にて60分保持した。その後、窒素雰囲気下で室温まで温度を下げた。これにより、黒色の粉末(それぞれTCr−25,TCr−50,TCr−100,TCr−200,TCr−500)を得た。これらのXRD測定から、ルチル型酸化チタンであることが確認された(図6.1)。ESR測定からは、いずれもラジカルピークが現れた(図6.2)。ラマン分光測定からは、1200〜1700cm−1範囲でアモルファス炭素とグラファイト炭素由来の振動が観測された(図6.3)。熱重量分析から、TCr50粉末の200〜500℃区間でのウェートロース(炭素種の消失)13.3%であった。
[T−01を用いた可視光照射下でのメチレンブルーの脱色反応]
50mLの透明ガラス瓶に20mlのメチレンブルー水溶液(10ppm)と200mgのT−01粉末サンプル加え、その混合物を暗所にて10分間撹拌した後、4時間静置した。その後、上澄み液の吸光度を測定し、それを光照射前(0時間)のメチレンブルーの初期濃度とした。サンプル瓶を光量が500lxの蛍光灯光照射装置(420nm以下の光をcutoff)下にて照射しながら、一定時間毎に0.2mlの液体を取り出し、吸光度を測定した。図7.1の吸収スペクトル、図7.3に溶液中メチレンブルー濃度の時間変化を示した。脱色は光照射時間とともに進行し、わずか1時間でメチレンブルーの90%が分解した。比較試験例1として、deggusa(デグサ社)製の酸化チタン「AEROXIDE P25」を用いた系では、脱色がわずかしか進行しなかった(図7.2、図7.3)。また、比較試験例2として、可視光吸収性酸化チタン粉末MPT−623(石原産業株式会社製)を用いて同様な実験を行ったが、3時間経過後も脱色度合いは67%以下にはならなかった。
[ドーピング酸化チタンTFe−20を用いた可視光照射下でのメチレンブルーの脱色反応]
50mlの透明ガラス瓶に20mlのメチレンブルー水溶液(10ppm)と200mgのTFe−20粉末サンプル加え、その混合物を暗所にて10分間撹拌した後、4時間静置した。その後、上澄み液の吸光度を測定し、それを光照射前(0時間)のメチレンブルーの初期濃度とした。サンプル瓶を光量が500lxの蛍光灯光照射装置(420nm以下の光をcutoff)下にて照射しながら、一定時間毎に0.2mlの液体を取り出し、吸光度を測定した。図8.1の吸収スペクトル、図8.2に反応溶液濃度の時間変化を示した。脱色は光照射時間とともに進行し、わずか1時間でメチレンブルーの90%は分解した。図中には、比較として、P25のデータを並べて記載している。
[ドーピング酸化チタンTCr−50を用いた可視光照射下でのメチレンブルーの脱色反応及び触媒繰り返し使用]
50mlの透明ガラス瓶に20mlのメチレンブルー水溶液(10ppm)と200mgのTCr−50粉末サンプル加え、その混合物を暗所にて10分間撹拌した後、4時間静置した。その後、上澄み液の吸光度を測定し、それを光照射前(0時間)のメチレンブルーの初期濃度とした。サンプル瓶を光量が500lxの蛍光灯光照射装置(420nm以下の光をcutoff)下にて照射しながら、3時間の間、一時間毎に0.2mlの液体を取り出し、吸光度を測定した。その後、24時間まで照射し、メチレンブルーの完全分解を確認した後、反応液を取り出し、新しくメチレンブルー液20mLを加え、前述の方法で光照射し、吸光度を測定により反応を追跡した。この作業を繰り返し、5回反応を行なった。図9.1に反応溶液中メチレンブルー濃度の時間変化を示した。脱色は光照射時間とともに進行し、24時間でメチレンブルーは完全分解した。繰り返し使用において、触媒活性の低下はあるものの、24時間照射での失活はなかった。
Claims (7)
- (I)アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)を水性媒体中に分散又は溶解させる工程、
(II)(I)で得られた水性分散体又は水性溶液と、水溶性チタン化合物(z)とを水性媒体中、50℃以下の温度条件下で混合し加水分解反応を行うことによって、アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)がチタニアに挟まれた、ポリマー/チタニアの層状構造複合体を得る工程、
(III)前記層状構造複合体を熱焼成することにより、アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)中の炭素原子と、窒素原子とが酸化チタン結晶表面にドーピングされる工程、
とを有することを特徴とする少なくとも炭素原子と窒素原子とがドーピングされた酸化チタンの製造方法。 - (I)アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)と金属イオンとの錯体(y)を水性媒体中に分散又は溶解させる工程、
(II)(I)で得られた水性分散体又は水性溶液と、水溶性チタン化合物(z)とを水性媒体中、50℃以下の温度条件下で混合し加水分解反応を行うことによって、アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)と金属イオンとの錯体(y)がチタニアに挟まれた、ポリマー/チタニアの層状構造複合体を得る工程、
(III)前記層状構造複合体を熱焼成することにより、アミノ基を有する塩基性ポリマー(x)と金属イオンとの錯体(y)中の炭素原子と、窒素原子と、金属イオンとが酸化チタン結晶表面にドーピングされる工程、
とを有することを特徴とする少なくとも炭素原子と窒素原子と金属イオンとがドーピングされた酸化チタンの製造方法。 - 炭素原子と、窒素原子と、金属イオンとを含有する、アナターゼ型結晶性又はルチル型結晶性の5〜20nmの大きさの酸化チタンの結晶からなり、暗黒下20〜30℃で測定した電子スピン共鳴スペクトルでのg値が1.5〜2.5の範囲で共鳴シグナルを観測でき、また核磁気共鳴スペクトル(13C)では炭素原子がsp2結合を形成していることを示すシグナルを観測でき、ラマンスペクトルでは、アモルファス炭素とグラファイト炭素由来の振動波数を1200〜1700cm−1の範囲で観測できるものであって、且つ400〜2000nmの範囲で吸収を示すことを特徴とするドーピング酸化チタン。
- 前記ドーピング酸化チタンが400〜2000nmの範囲で全波長吸収を有するものである請求項3記載のドーピング酸化チタン。
- 炭素原子と、窒素原子との合計の含有率が20質量%以下である請求項3又は4記載のドーピング酸化チタン。
- 金属イオンの含有率が0.2〜5質量%である請求項3〜5の何れか1項記載のドーピング酸化チタン。
- 請求項3〜6の何れか1項記載のドーピング酸化チタンを含有することを特徴とする可視光応答型光触媒。
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KR100620076B1 (ko) * | 2005-04-27 | 2006-09-06 | 한국과학기술연구원 | C와 n으로 도핑된 박막형 이산화티탄계 광촉매 및 자성물질과 그 제조 방법 |
JP4862183B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-10 | 2012-01-25 | 国立大学法人信州大学 | 光触媒用酸化チタンの製造方法及びチタニア/有機複合体の製造方法 |
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US8017542B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 |
CN101563161B (zh) | 2011-08-31 |
CN101563161A (zh) | 2009-10-21 |
EP2116304A1 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
WO2008072595A1 (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
EP2116304A4 (en) | 2011-11-30 |
US20100062928A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
JP4142092B2 (ja) | 2008-08-27 |
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