JPS6134241B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6134241B2 JPS6134241B2 JP57131126A JP13112682A JPS6134241B2 JP S6134241 B2 JPS6134241 B2 JP S6134241B2 JP 57131126 A JP57131126 A JP 57131126A JP 13112682 A JP13112682 A JP 13112682A JP S6134241 B2 JPS6134241 B2 JP S6134241B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- aging treatment
- permanent magnet
- magnetic flux
- maximum energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt samarium Chemical compound [Co].[Sm] KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/0555—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0557—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
Description
〔発明の技術分野〕
本発明はサマリウム−コバルト系の永久磁石の
製造方法に係り、特にSm2Co17系の永久磁石の製
造方法に関する。
〔発明の技術的背景とその問題点〕
従来Sm2Co17系永久磁石としては、各種組成の
ものが提案されているが、Coの一部をCu，Fe及
びTiで置換することにより保磁力（Hc）、残留
磁束密度（Br）および最大エネルギー積
（（BH）max）、あるいは耐酸化性の改善が図られ
ている。本発明は、このようなSm2（Co，Cu，
Fe，Ti）17系の永久磁石の改良に関するものであ
る。
前記の特性のうちでも（BH）max及びBrが、
モーター等の用途においては特に重要で、可能な
限り大きいことが望まれるが、Hcがある一定値
以上ないと（BH）max、Brを高めることは困難
である。従つて、（BH）max、Brの大きい永久磁
石を得るためには、Hcを大きくすることが必要
である。
ところで、従来のSm2（Co，Cu，Fe，Ti）17系
の永久磁石としては、例えば特公昭55−15096号
や特開昭52−109191号に記載のものがあるが、い
ずれも残留磁束密度及び最大エネルギー積が必ず
しも満足できる程ではなく、これらの特性をさら
に改善した永久磁石が強く要望されている。
〔発明の目的〕
本発明は、このように磁性、特に残留磁束密度
及び最大エネルギー積の大きい優れた永久磁石の
製造方法の提供を目的としている。
〔発明の概要〕
本発明者らは、磁石を構成する合金の組成並び
に製造プロセスを検討した結果、特定の組成にお
いて焼結させて得た合金に更に特定のパターンに
従つて時効処理を施すと保磁力並びに、残留磁束
密度、最大エネルギー積を著しく改善し得ること
を見出した。
即ち、本発明の永久磁石の製造方法は、サマリ
ウム23.0〜28.0重量％と、チタン0.2〜３重量％
と、銅４〜９重量％と、鉄14〜18重量％と、残部
として主にコバルトとからなる金属粉末を磁界中
で成形し、ついで得られた成形品を焼結した後、
これに、600〜700℃の温度範囲における第１段目
の時効処理を含む高温側から低温側への多段階の
時効処理を施すことを特徴とする。
本発明の製造方法に係る永久磁石の磁気特性改
良の効果は、磁石を構成する金属元素の組成と処
理方法、特に時効処理パターンの結合において奏
されるものである。
原料金属粉末において、Smが23.0重量％未満
では保磁力の増加はなく、28.0重量％を超えた場
合でも増加はない。また、磁束密度が低下し、最
大エネルギー積の増大もない。Tiが0.2重量％未
満であると保磁力の増大が顕著でなく、３重量％
を超えると磁束密度が低下する。Cuが４重量％
未満では保磁力の増大はなく、９重量％を超える
と磁束密度が低下するとともに時効硬化性が低
く、最大エネルギー積の増大もほとんどない。
Feが14重量％未満では、残留磁束密度や最大エ
ネルギー積の向上が得られず、Feが18重量％を
超えると、保磁力が著しく減少し時効硬化性も極
めて低くて最大エネルギー積が減少する。
本発明において、焼結工程や時効処理工程は真
空、窒素、希ガスなどの不活性雰囲気において行
う必要があり、焼結は約1100〜1250℃の温度で行
われる。
時効処理は本発明において非常に重要な工程で
あり、この処理を施すことによつて保磁力、磁束
密度及び最大エネルギー積が著しく向上する。時
効処理においては、第１段目の時効処理を600〜
700℃の温度範囲で行なうことが必要である。
第１段目の時効処理が600℃未満の場合、また
700℃を超える場合には、ともに大きな保持力を
得ることができず、続いて多段時効を施しても優
れた磁石特性を得ることができない。その後は低
温側へ多段階の時効処理を施す。好ましくは、第
２段目の時効処理を500〜600℃の温度範囲で行な
い、第３段目の時効処理を400〜500℃の温度範囲
で行なうことである。
〔発明の実施例〕
実施例 １〜４
所要の組成比で各金属元素の粉末を配合し、約
４Kgの真空高周波誘導加熱炉で溶融後冷却し、得
られた均一なインゴツトを粗粉砕後ジエツトミル
により粉砕して微粉末とした。この微粉末を所定
の押型に充填し、20000エルステツドの磁界をか
けながら2ton／cm2の圧力で圧縮成形した。得られ
た成形品にアルゴンガス雰囲気中で所定温度、所
定時間の焼結処理を施した後、直ちに室温まで冷
却し、アルゴンガス雰囲気中で、所定の多段階時
時効処理に供した。
上述のようにして実施例１〜４の永久磁石を製
造した。各実施例の組成、焼結条件、時効処理条
件を表に示した。
比較例 １〜11
比較例１〜８は組成が本発明と異なり、比較例
９〜11は時効処理条件が本発明と異なるものであ
り、その他の点は上述したところと同様にして製
造した。得られた永久磁石のBr，He，（BH）
maxを表に併記した。
なお、表中の番号で示した時効処理パターンは
次のとおりである。
（時効処理パターン）
１…650℃，1hr＋550℃，2hrs・＋450℃，4hrs、
２…650℃，4hrs・
３…850℃，30min＋750℃，2hrs・＋（時効処理
パターン１）
４……450℃，50hrs・
[Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a samarium-cobalt-based permanent magnet, and particularly to a method for manufacturing a Sm 2 Co 17 -based permanent magnet. [Technical background of the invention and its problems] Conventionally, various compositions of Sm 2 Co 17 -based permanent magnets have been proposed, but by replacing a part of Co with Cu, Fe, and Ti, the coercive force (Hc), residual magnetic flux density (Br), maximum energy product ((BH)max), or oxidation resistance. The present invention provides such Sm 2 (Co, Cu,
(Fe, Ti) 17 -based permanent magnets. Among the above characteristics, (BH)max and Br are
This is particularly important in applications such as motors, and it is desired that it be as large as possible, but unless Hc exceeds a certain value, it is difficult to increase (BH)max and Br. Therefore, in order to obtain a permanent magnet with large (BH)max and Br, it is necessary to increase Hc. By the way, conventional Sm 2 (Co, Cu, Fe, Ti) 17- based permanent magnets include those described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 15096/1982 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 109191/1982, but both of them have low residual magnetic flux. The density and maximum energy product are not necessarily satisfactory, and there is a strong demand for a permanent magnet with further improved properties. [Object of the Invention] As described above, the present invention aims to provide a method for producing an excellent permanent magnet having high magnetism, particularly high residual magnetic flux density and maximum energy product. [Summary of the Invention] As a result of studying the composition and manufacturing process of the alloy constituting the magnet, the present inventors discovered that if the alloy obtained by sintering with a specific composition is further subjected to aging treatment according to a specific pattern. It has been found that coercive force, residual magnetic flux density, and maximum energy product can be significantly improved. That is, the method for producing a permanent magnet of the present invention includes 23.0 to 28.0% by weight of samarium and 0.2 to 3% by weight of titanium.
A metal powder consisting of 4 to 9% by weight of copper, 14 to 18% by weight of iron, and the balance mainly cobalt is molded in a magnetic field, and the molded product obtained is then sintered.
This is characterized by subjecting it to a multi-stage aging treatment from a high temperature side to a low temperature side, including a first stage aging treatment in a temperature range of 600 to 700°C. The effect of improving the magnetic properties of a permanent magnet according to the manufacturing method of the present invention is achieved by combining the composition of the metal elements constituting the magnet and the treatment method, particularly the aging treatment pattern. In the raw metal powder, if Sm is less than 23.0% by weight, the coercive force does not increase, and even if it exceeds 28.0% by weight, there is no increase. Furthermore, the magnetic flux density decreases and the maximum energy product does not increase. When Ti is less than 0.2% by weight, the increase in coercive force is not significant, and 3% by weight
When the value exceeds 100%, the magnetic flux density decreases. Cu is 4% by weight
If it is less than 9% by weight, there will be no increase in coercive force, and if it exceeds 9% by weight, the magnetic flux density will decrease, age hardenability will be low, and the maximum energy product will hardly increase.
If Fe is less than 14% by weight, no improvement in residual magnetic flux density or maximum energy product will be obtained, and if Fe exceeds 18% by weight, coercive force will decrease significantly and age hardenability will be extremely low, resulting in a decrease in maximum energy product. . In the present invention, the sintering process and the aging process must be performed in an inert atmosphere such as vacuum, nitrogen, or rare gas, and the sintering process is performed at a temperature of about 1100 to 1250°C. Aging treatment is a very important step in the present invention, and by performing this treatment, coercive force, magnetic flux density, and maximum energy product are significantly improved. In aging treatment, the first stage of aging treatment is 600~
It is necessary to carry out the test in a temperature range of 700°C. If the first stage aging treatment is less than 600℃, or
If the temperature exceeds 700°C, a large coercive force cannot be obtained, and excellent magnetic properties cannot be obtained even if subsequent multi-stage aging is performed. After that, a multi-stage aging treatment is applied to the lower temperature side. Preferably, the second stage aging treatment is performed at a temperature range of 500 to 600°C, and the third stage aging treatment is performed at a temperature range of 400 to 500°C. [Embodiments of the Invention] Examples 1 to 4 Powders of each metal element were blended in the required composition ratio, melted in an approximately 4 kg vacuum high-frequency induction heating furnace, and then cooled. It was ground into a fine powder. This fine powder was filled into a predetermined mold and compression molded at a pressure of 2 tons/cm 2 while applying a magnetic field of 20,000 oersteds. After the obtained molded product was subjected to a sintering treatment at a predetermined temperature and for a predetermined time in an argon gas atmosphere, it was immediately cooled to room temperature and subjected to a predetermined multi-step aging treatment in an argon gas atmosphere. Permanent magnets of Examples 1 to 4 were manufactured as described above. The composition, sintering conditions, and aging treatment conditions of each example are shown in the table. Comparative Examples 1 to 11 Comparative Examples 1 to 8 differed from the present invention in composition, and Comparative Examples 9 to 11 differed in aging treatment conditions from the present invention, and other points were manufactured in the same manner as described above. Br, He, (BH) of the obtained permanent magnet
max is also listed in the table. The aging processing patterns indicated by numbers in the table are as follows. (Aging treatment pattern) 1...650℃, 1hr + 550℃, 2hrs・+450℃, 4hrs, 2...650℃, 4hrs・ 3...850℃, 30min+750℃, 2hrs・+ (Aging treatment pattern 1) 4...450℃, 50hrs・
本発明の製造方法に係る永久磁石は、従来の永
久磁石と比べて残留磁束密度及び最大エネルギー
積が極め大きく、その工業的価値は大である。
The permanent magnet according to the manufacturing method of the present invention has extremely large residual magnetic flux density and maximum energy product compared to conventional permanent magnets, and has great industrial value.
図面は、実施例１及び比較例９，10について、
時効処理に伴なう保磁力の変化を表した図であ
る。
The drawings are for Example 1 and Comparative Examples 9 and 10.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing changes in coercive force due to aging treatment.
Claims (1)
３重量％と、銅４〜９重量％と、鉄14〜18重量％
と、残部として主にコバルトとからなる金属粉末
を磁界中で成形し、ついで得られた成形品を焼結
した後これに、600〜700℃の温度範囲における第
１段目の時効処理を含む高温側から低温側への多
段階の時効処理を施すことを特徴とする永久磁石
の製造方法。1 Samarium 23.0~28.0% by weight and titanium 0.2~
3% by weight, 4-9% by weight of copper, and 14-18% by weight of iron.
A metal powder consisting mainly of cobalt and the remainder is molded in a magnetic field, and the resulting molded product is then sintered, followed by a first aging treatment in a temperature range of 600 to 700°C. A method for manufacturing a permanent magnet, characterized by performing a multi-step aging treatment from a high temperature side to a low temperature side.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57131126A JPS5922302A (en) | 1982-07-29 | 1982-07-29 | Permanent magnet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57131126A JPS5922302A (en) | 1982-07-29 | 1982-07-29 | Permanent magnet |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5922302A JPS5922302A (en) | 1984-02-04 |
| JPS6134241B2 true JPS6134241B2 (en) | 1986-08-06 |
Family
ID=15050588
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57131126A Granted JPS5922302A (en) | 1982-07-29 | 1982-07-29 | Permanent magnet |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5922302A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63137729U (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1988-09-12 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4865915A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1989-09-12 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Resin coated permanent magnet |
-
1982
- 1982-07-29 JP JP57131126A patent/JPS5922302A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63137729U (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1988-09-12 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5922302A (en) | 1984-02-04 |
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