JPH07124166A - 縫合装置 - Google Patents

縫合装置

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Publication number
JPH07124166A
JPH07124166A JP5274642A JP27464293A JPH07124166A JP H07124166 A JPH07124166 A JP H07124166A JP 5274642 A JP5274642 A JP 5274642A JP 27464293 A JP27464293 A JP 27464293A JP H07124166 A JPH07124166 A JP H07124166A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
staple
anvil
tissue
living tissue
tip
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Granted
Application number
JP5274642A
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JP3414455B2 (ja
Inventor
Takahiro Ogasaka
高宏 小賀坂
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Olympus Corp
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Olympus Optical Co Ltd
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Priority to JP27464293A priority Critical patent/JP3414455B2/ja
Publication of JPH07124166A publication Critical patent/JPH07124166A/ja
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Publication of JP3414455B2 publication Critical patent/JP3414455B2/ja
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/0682—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying U-shaped staples or clamps, e.g. without a forming anvil
    • A61B17/0686—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying U-shaped staples or clamps, e.g. without a forming anvil having a forming anvil staying below the tissue during stapling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】 【目的】本発明は縫合対象となる生体組織の厚さの違い
にも対応して確実に縫合対象組織を縫合し、その縫合対
象組織の締め具合を調節できるとともに、穿刺能力を高
めることを最も主要な特徴とする。 【構成】熱可塑性樹脂材料によって形成されたステープ
ル１１を溶融または軟化させる超音波振動子および溶融
または軟化させたステープル１１を任意の形状に変形す
るステープル形成溝２３をステープラ１に設けたもので
ある。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は主に外科手術において、
ステープルなどの縫合部材を用いて生体組織を縫合する
際に使用される縫合装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】従来から腸などの管状臓器等をステープ
ルを用いて縫合する手段としては、例えば特開平３−１
２１２６号公報や、ＥＰ０４７６５２３Ａ２等に示され
る様なステープラ（縫合機）が知られている。
【０００３】ところで、ステープラなどの縫合機によ
り、生体組織に縫合されるステープルなどの縫合部材の
素材としては、例えばチタンなどの金属材料や、ポリジ
オキサノン、ポリラクタイド、ポリグリコライドなどの
生体吸収性の合成樹脂材料が一般に用いられている。こ
の生体吸収性樹脂からなるステープルは、ファスナーお
よびリテーナーの２つの部品をラッチ手段等により結合
し、生体組織に固定されるものである。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、金属製
のステープルは、生体に対して適応性の高い、例えばチ
タン合金等の金属材料で作られてはいるが、基本的に
は、異物として体内に残留するという問題がある。さら
に、この金属製のステープルを使用した場合にはＣＴ等
で体内像を観察する際に、アーチファクトを発生し、正
常な、像観察を得る妨げとなることが指摘されている。
【０００５】また、生体吸収性樹脂からなるステープル
は、ラッチが確実に係合されない場合や、ラッチ係合が
外れ、生体組織から脱落してしまうおそれがある。さら
に、ステープルの先端部には、ラッチ係合の為の突起部
を設ける必要があるので、ステープルの先端部は大きな
ものとなり、生体組織への穿刺能力が低くなる問題があ
る。
【０００６】加えて、ステープルのファスナーおよびリ
テーナーの２つの部品の結合はラッチ係合による為、ス
テープルの締めしろはあらかじめ決まっている。そのた
め、そのステープルに対応するある決まった厚さの生体
組織しか縫合することができないうえ、縫合力（生体組
織を締めつける力）を変えることもできない問題もあ
る。したがって、ステープルを用いて生体組織を縫合し
た際に、縫合対象となる生体組織の厚さがそのステープ
ルに対応して設定された適正な厚さ寸法から外れている
場合には生体組織の締めすぎによる壊死が発生したり、
逆に締めが甘いことによる切断面からの出血の持続等の
問題を生ずる。
【０００７】本発明は、上記事情に着目してなされたも
ので、その目的は、縫合対象となる生体組織の厚さの違
いにも対応して確実に縫合対象組織を縫合することがで
き、その縫合対象組織の締め具合を調節できるととも
に、穿刺能力を高めることができる縫合装置を提供する
ことにある。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は縫合部材を用い
て生体組織を縫合する縫合装置において、前記縫合部材
を熱可塑性樹脂材料によって形成し、前記縫合部材を溶
融または軟化させる手段および溶融または軟化させた前
記縫合部材を任意の形状に変形する成形手段を縫合装置
本体に設けたものである。
【０００９】
【作用】生体組織の縫合作業時には熱可塑性樹脂材料に
よって形成された縫合部材を溶融または軟化させたの
ち、成形手段によって溶融または軟化させた縫合部材を
任意の形状に変形させるようにしたものである。
【００１０】
【実施例】図１乃至図８（Ｂ）は本発明の第１の実施例
を示すものである。図１はステープラ（縫合装置本体）
１の概略構成を示すものである。このステープラ１には
トラカール等を介して体腔内に挿入される挿入部２と、
この挿入部２の基端部に設けられた操作部３と、操作部
３に接続された外部装置４とが設けられている。
【００１１】また、挿入部２の先端部には前後一対の組
織把持部材５，６が設けられている。ここで、前方の組
織把持部材６は後方の組織把持部材５に対して前後方向
に移動可能な支持部材７の先端部に取付けられている。
【００１２】さらに、前方の組織把持部材６の本体８に
は図２（Ａ），（Ｂ）に示すように後方側の組織把持部
材５との対向面側に組織把持面１５が形成されている。
この組織把持面１５にはカートリッジ装着穴が形成され
ている。このカートリッジ装着穴には図３，４に示すス
テープル収納カートリッジ９が着脱可能に装着されてい
る。このカートリッジ９にはハウジング１０内にステー
プル（縫合部材）１１が、複数個装填されている。
【００１３】図５はこのステープラ１に用いられるステ
ープル１１の１例を示したものである。このステープル
１１には図８に示すように生体組織Ｈに貫通する一対の
脚部１１ａ，１１ａと、それらをつなぎ、縫合時には生
体組織Ｈの締めつけ部となる連結部１１ｂとが設けられ
ている。
【００１４】この場合、連結部１１ｂは矩形断面をも
ち、その両端からは、それぞれ同じ方向に矩形断面を有
する脚部１１ａ，１１ａが延設されている。さらに、両
脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端には斜めに切った鋭角な刃部
１１ｃ，１１ｃが形成されており、生体組織Ｈへの脚部
１１ａ，１１ａの貫通を助けるようになっている。な
お、上記ステープル１１は生体組織Ｈに対して無害であ
り、生体吸収性を有する熱可塑性樹脂からなっている。
これらのステープル１１は１本ずつバラバラにならない
程度に１本ずつが互いに接着されている。
【００１５】さらに、カートリッジ９のハウジング１０
内にはステープル１１の列の最後端部にステープル押し
部材１２が前後方向に移動可能に装着されているととも
に、この押し部材１２を常に前方に押しつける方向に付
勢する押圧コイルばね１３が押し部材１２とカートリッ
ジ９の後壁との間に設けられている。この場合、カート
リッジ９の後壁には押圧コイルばね１３のコイル内と押
し部材１２を貫通するガイド棒１４が突設されている。
【００１６】また、カートリッジ９の上面には図３に示
すように組織把持部材６の本体８の組織把持面１５と連
結される組織把持面１５が形成されている。このカート
リッジ９の組織把持面１５には最前列のステープル１１
と対応する位置にステープル押出口１６が設けられてい
る。
【００１７】また、カートリッジ９の下面にはステープ
ル１１の列を落下させないように図４に示すようにステ
ープルささえ１７がカートリッジ９の側壁から突きだし
て設けられているとともに、最前列のステープル１１と
対応する位置にはプッシャー貫通口１８が形成されてい
る。
【００１８】さらに、前方の組織把持部材６の本体８内
にはハウジング１０内のステープル１１を押出すための
プッシャー２０が前後方向に移動可能に設けられてい
る。このプッシャー２０は支持部材７内に前後方向に移
動可能に設けられたプッシャーバー１９の先端部に接続
されている。この場合、プッシャーバー１９は図示しな
い付勢手段によって図２（Ａ），（Ｂ）に示すように待
機位置で保持されている。そして、付勢手段の付勢力に
抗したプッシャーバー１９の引張り操作にともないプッ
シャー２０がプッシャー貫通口１８からカートリッジ９
の内部に挿入され、このプッシャー２０によってカート
リッジ９のハウジング１０内の最前列のステープル１１
が他のステープル１１の列から分離されてステープル押
出口１６から外部側に押し出されるようになっている。
【００１９】また、後方の組織把持部材５には挿入部２
の軸心方向に沿って延出されたアンビル装着穴２１が設
けられている。このアンビル装着穴２１の内部にはアン
ビル２２が組織把持部材５に対して前後方向に移動可能
に設けられている。
【００２０】さらに、組織把持部材５の先端面には前方
の組織把持部材６と対向する組織把持面２４が形成され
ている。この組織把持面２４にはアンビル装着穴２１に
連通してステープル１１を挿通するためのステープル挿
通口２５が形成されている。
【００２１】また、アンビル２２の先端にはステープル
１１を任意の形状に変形するためのステープル形成溝
（成形手段）２３が設けられている。図７（Ａ）〜
（Ｄ）はステープル形成溝２３の形状について示したも
のである。この形成溝２３には左右一対の円弧状の凹陥
部２３ａ，２３ｂが形成されている。さらに、形成溝２
３の中央部には凹陥部２３ａ，２３ｂ間を仕切る突起部
２６が設けられている。
【００２２】また、形成溝２３の両端部には図７（Ｄ）
に示すようにステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先
端刃部１１ｃ，１１ｃの進行方向に対して斜めに接触す
る接触面２３ｃが形成されている。なお、この形成溝２
３の断面形状は矩形状としているが、矩形断面の角部に
丸みをつけた形状に形成してもよい。
【００２３】また、挿入部２には後方の組織把持部材５
のアンビル装着穴２１に連通した内腔が設けられてい
る。この内腔の基端部は操作部３の内部に連通されてい
る。さらに、操作部３の内部には図６に示すように先端
にホーン２８を有するボルト締めランジュバン型の超音
波振動子２７が操作部３に対して前後方向に移動可能に
設けられている。この超音波振動子２７の先端にはホー
ン２８を介して振動伝達部材２９の基端部が連結されて
いる。この振動伝達部材２９の先端部はアンビル２２の
基端部に連結されている。
【００２４】さらに、振動伝達部材２９は挿入部２の内
腔に設けられた図示しない合成樹脂製の支持部材（超音
波振動による溶着、溶融をおこしずらい合成樹脂材料、
例えばポリテトラフルオロエチレン等からなる）により
摺動自在に支持され、挿入部２の内腔の内壁には直接、
接することはない。この樹脂製の支持部材は振動の節と
なる位置の付近で振動伝達部材２９を支持する状態で挿
入部２の内腔の内壁に固定されている。
【００２５】また、操作部３には図１に示すようにハン
ドル３０と、前方の組織把持部材６の支持部材７を前後
動させる第１のレバー３１と、プッシャーバー１９を引
張り操作する第２のレバー３２と、超音波振動子２７を
前後方向に移動させる第３のレバー３３とが設けられて
いる。
【００２６】さらに、外部装置４は操作部３内の超音波
振動子２７を駆動する超音波振動子駆動装置によって形
成されている。この外部装置４の超音波振動子駆動装置
には図６に示すように超音波振動子２７に接続された超
音波振動子駆動回路３４と、それに接続する駆動信号発
生回路３５とが設けられている。そして、ステープラ１
の使用時には駆動信号発生回路３５から出力される駆動
信号が超音波振動子駆動回路３４で増幅され、この増幅
された駆動信号が超音波振動子２７に供給される。
【００２７】そして、超音波振動子２７によって励起さ
れた超音波振動はホーン２８、振動伝達部材２９を順次
介してアンビル２２に伝達され、このアンビル２２が超
音波振動される。この場合、振動伝達部材２９は先端に
設けられたアンビル２２の作用面において振動振幅が最
大（振動の腹）となるような長さに形成されている。
【００２８】次に、上記構成の作用について説明する。
ステープラ１によって腸などの管状臓器等をステープル
を用いて縫合する場合、まず縫合したい生体組織を挿入
部２の先端部の前後の組織把持部材５，６間に捕らえ
る。そして、第１のレバー３１をひき、支持部材７を後
退させ、前方の組織把持部材６をひいて組織把持部材
５，６の組織把持面１５，２４間に所望の厚さに圧縮さ
せた状態で生体組織を挟持する。
【００２９】続いて、第２のレバー３２をひき、プッシ
ャーバー１９を後進させる。このプッシャーバー１９の
移動動作にともないプッシャー２０がカートリッジ９内
の最前列にあるステープル１１をステープル押出口１６
から押出す。このとき、ステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，
１１ａは図８（Ａ）に示すように生体組織Ｈを貫通した
のち、組織把持部材５のステープル挿通口２５内に抜け
る。
【００３０】ここで、超音波振動子２７を駆動すると、
超音波振動子２７で発生した超音波振動がホーン２８、
振動伝達部材２９を介してアンビル２２に伝わる。この
状態で、第３のレバー３３をひき、アンビル２２を前方
へ進め、組織把持部材５のステープル挿通口２５内に挿
入されたステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａに押し当
て、図８（Ｂ）に示すようにステープル１１を変形させ
る。
【００３１】このステープル１１の変形動作時にはまず
ステープル１１の両脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端刃部１１
ｃ，１１ｃがアンビル２２の先端面のステープル形成溝
２３の両端付近に接触する。このとき、脚部１１ａ，１
１ａの先端刃部１１ｃ，１１ｃとステープル形成溝２３
との間の接触部は超音波振動により縦に叩かれ、内部発
熱をおこし、ステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａが溶
融を始める。
【００３２】さらに、アンビル２２が前進すると脚部１
１ａ，１１ａの溶融部分はステープル形成溝２３の中央
部に向かって、溝２３の形状に沿って押し曲げられる。
そして、以後同様にして、アンビル２２の前進動作に応
じてステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａはステープル
形成溝２３との接触部が溶融し、形成溝２３の形状に沿
って押し曲げられていく。
【００３３】このとき、形成溝２３の形状に沿って押し
曲げられ、形成溝２３の中央部付近まで押しだされた脚
部１１ａ，１１ａの先端部は形成溝２３の中央部の突起
部２６に沿って形成溝２３の外に押出される。さらに、
形成溝２３の外に押出された脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端
部はアンビル２２から離れた途端に固化し、生体組織Ｈ
を押さえつける。
【００３４】また、このようにアンビル２２を押し進
め、ステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａを所望の長さ
となるまで変形させたのち、超音波振動子２７を停止す
る。ここで、超音波振動が停止すると、ステープル１１
の溶融樹脂に残る熱（もともと発熱は少ない）はアンビ
ル２２や生体組織Ｈに放熱される。そのため、ステープ
ル１１の溶融樹脂はすぐに固化し、生体組織Ｈの縫合が
完成する。
【００３５】この後、アンビル２２、プッシャー２０を
元の位置に戻すとともに、組織把持部材６を前進させ、
生体組織Ｈを前後の組織把持部材５，６から放すが、プ
ッシャー２０が元の待機位置に戻ると同時にカートリッ
ジ９内の押圧コイルばね１３によって押し部材１２がス
テープル１１の列を押し出し、次回の縫合のためのステ
ープル１１がカートリッジ９内の最前列にセットされ
る。以後は同様の動作で、次の縫合が行なわれる。
【００３６】そこで、上記構成のものにあっては、まず
ステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａには従来のように
ラッチなどの結合部材を格別に設ける必要がないので、
生体組織Ｈの穿刺抵抗が少なく、刺しやすい。
【００３７】また、操作部３の第２のレバー３２および
第３のレバー３３の操作にともないステープル１１の脚
部１１ａ，１１ａを必要なだけ曲げることができるの
で、生体組織Ｈの厚さに左右されずに縫合できる。同様
に、生体組織Ｈの締めつけ力である縫合力も自由に変え
られるので、生体組織Ｈの締めすぎによる壊死の発生
や、逆に締めが甘いことによる切断面からの出血の持続
等を確実に防止することができる。さらに、１体のステ
ープル１１を直接変形させるため、確実な縫合ができ
る。この場合、ステープル１１は生体吸収性樹脂製であ
るので、ＣＴ等の体内像観察の妨げとなるおそれはな
い。
【００３８】また、図９（Ａ）〜（Ｋ）は図５のステー
プル１１のそれぞれ異なる変形例を示すもので、全て生
体吸収性の熱可塑性樹脂材料によって形成されている。
まず、図９（Ａ）のステープル４１は両脚部４１ａ，４
１ａと、それらをつなぐ連結部４１ｂがすべて断面円形
に形成されている。さらに、各脚部４１ａの先端部には
円錐状に尖った先端刃部４１ｃがそれぞれ形成されてお
り、各脚部４１ａが生体組織Ｈへ貫通しやすくなってい
る。
【００３９】また、図９（Ｂ）に示すステープル４２は
断面円形に形成されている。さらに、このステープル４
２の両脚部４２ａ，４２ａはその根元である連結部４２
ｂ側の付け根部分から先端側に向かうにしたがって断面
積が徐々に小さくなる先細状態に形成され、最先端は尖
っていて生体組織Ｈへの貫通はさらに容易となる。この
場合、ステープル４２の断面形状は円形でなく、図９
（Ｃ）のように断面３角形でも良く、さらに、これ以外
のどのような断面形状でもかまわない。
【００４０】また、図９（Ｄ）のステープル４４は連結
部４４ｃの両端からそれぞれ平行して伸びる両脚部４４
ａ，４４ｂの長さが異なっており、一方の脚部の４４ａ
の方が他方の脚部４４ｂよりも長くなるように設定され
ている。
【００４１】そこで、上記構成のものにあっては、左右
の脚部４４ａ，４４ｂの長さがそれぞれ異なるために、
ステープル１１を生体組織Ｈに貫通させる場合には長さ
が長い脚部４４ａが先に生体組織Ｈに貫通されたのち、
短いほうの脚部４４ｂが生体組織Ｈに貫通される状態で
一脚ずつ生体組織Ｈに貫通されるようになっているの
で、両脚部４４ａ，４４ｂを同時に生体組織Ｈに貫通さ
せる場合に比べて生体組織Ｈに貫通させる力が少なくて
すみ、刺しやすくなる。
【００４２】また、図９（Ｅ）は図５に示したステープ
ル１１の変形例を示したものであり、両脚部１１ａ，１
１ａの先端に両刃１１ｄ，１１ｄが設けられている。ま
た、図９（Ｆ）のように図５と逆の向きに脚部１１ａ，
１１ａをきって刃部１１ｅ，１１ｅを設けてもよい。
【００４３】さらに、図９（Ｇ），（Ｈ）に示すステー
プル４５，４６は連結部４５ｂ，４６ｂの断面形状が、
脚部４５ａ，４５ａ、４６ａ，４６ａとはそれぞれ異な
っている。すなわち、図９（Ｇ）に示すステープル４５
では脚部４５ａ，４５ａよりも連結部４５ｂの方が断面
積が大きなものとなっている。また、図９（Ｈ）に示す
ステープル４６は脚部４６ａ，４６ａの断面形状と連結
部４６ｂの断面形状とが異なっている。
【００４４】図９（Ｉ）に示すステープル４７は四角断
面形状をした脚部４７ａ，４７ａの厚さｘと、幅ｙとの
比が、１：１ではなく、特にここでは幅ｙ＞厚さｘの関
係となっている。この場合、第１の実施例に述べたよう
にステープラー１ではアンビル２２のステープル形成溝
２３にあたったステープル４７がＢ字状に変形されるよ
うになっている。このとき、脚部４７ａ，４７ａは幅ｙ
＞厚さｘの形状となるため、幅ｙの方向よりも厚さｘの
方向に曲がりやすくなり、ステープル４７のＢ字の形成
を助ける。また、幅ｙが広いため、広い範囲の生体組織
Ｈの締めつけに有効である。
【００４５】さらに、図９（Ｊ）に示すステープル４８
では連結部４８ｂの中央部位に、脚部４８ａ，４８ａが
伸びる方向と同じ方向に向けて突設させた小突起４８ｃ
を設けている。これは、ステープル４８を形成し、生体
組織Ｈを縫合する際に、小突起４８ｃと曲がった脚部４
８ａ，４８ａにより生体組織Ｈをはさみつけるため、大
きな締めつけ力が得られる。なお、図９（Ｋ）のよう
に、連結部４９ｂの背側である小突起４９ｃの反対側の
肉を削ってもよい。これにより生体組織Ｈを締めつける
小突起４９ｃを含んだ連結部４９ｂに適度な弾性が生
じ、生体組織Ｈの締めすぎを防ぎ、生体組織Ｈの壊死に
対して、効果がある。
【００４６】また、図１０（Ａ）に示すステープル５０
は脚部５０ａ，５０ａにおける連結部５０ｂとの接続部
に、補強片５０ｃを設けたものであり、脚部５０ａ，５
０ａが生体組織Ｈに刺さる時、アンビル２２を押しつ
け、ステープル５０の形成を行う際に脚部５０ａ，５０
ａの座屈破壊を防ぐことができる。
【００４７】さらに、図１０（Ｂ）に示すステープル５
１は両脚部５１ａ，５１ａの外側面にそれぞれ切りこみ
５１ｃ，５１ｃを設けてある。また、図１０（Ｃ）に示
すステープル５２では両脚部５２ａ，５２ａの内側に切
りこみ５２ｃ，５２ｃを設けてある。これらは生体組織
Ｈに貫通し、アンビル２２を押しつけてステープル５
１、５２を形成する際に、切りこみ５１ｃ，５２ｃによ
り曲がりやすくなる。
【００４８】また、図１０（Ｄ）は第１の実施例のステ
ープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端部形状の変形例
を示したものである。これは、アンビル２２を押しこん
でいった時に、脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端部が最初にあ
たるアンビル２２のステープル形成溝２３の形状に一致
させた形状の接触部５３を脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端部
に設けたものである。この場合にはアンビル２２とステ
ープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａとの最初の接触時にお
けるアンビル２２との接触面積が大きくなるため、超音
波がステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａに伝わりやす
くなり、ステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａが変形し
やすくなる。
【００４９】また、図１１（Ａ）から図１５（Ｃ）はア
ンビル２２の変形例について示したものである。まず、
図１１（Ａ），（Ｂ）はステープル形成溝２３の第１の
変形例を示すものである。
【００５０】これが第１の実施例のステープル形成溝２
３（図７（Ｂ）に示す）と異なる点はステープル形成溝
２３の中央部の突起部２６の先端がアンビル２２の先端
面２２ａと同一面上の位置まで延出されていることであ
る。こうすることで図１１（Ｂ）に示すように、ステー
プル１１の形成時におけるステープル１１の脚部１１
ａ，１１ａの先端の曲がり量が大きくなり、生体組織Ｈ
の締めつけ力が強くなる。
【００５１】また、図１２（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）はステープル
形成溝２３の第２の変形例を示すものである。これは、
図１２（Ａ）に示すようにアンビル２２の先端面に左右
の平行な円弧状の凹陥部６１，６２がそれぞれ独立に形
成されている。この場合、両側の凹陥部６１，６２の形
状は図１２（Ｂ）に示すようにその両端部位のアンビル
２２の先端面位置から各凹陥部６１，６２の内底部の中
央部位まで斜めになめらかに接続されている。
【００５２】このようなステープル形成溝２３によって
ステープル１１の形成を行う場合には図１２（Ｃ）に示
すようにステープル１１の両脚部１１ａ，１１ａはそれ
ぞれ異なる凹陥部６１，６２に入って形成され、脚部１
１ａ，１１ａの先端がステープル形成溝２３の中央部位
まで延出された際に、交差する状態で各凹陥部６１，６
２の外部側に延出されるので、ステープル形成溝２３の
中央部で両脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端部が当接すること
がない。そのため、ステープル１１の両脚部１１ａ，１
１ａの長さが長すぎても確実に縫合できる。
【００５３】また、図１３（Ａ），（Ｂ）はステープル
形成溝２３の第３の変形例を示すものである。これは、
ステープル形成溝２３の中央部の突起部２６をなくし、
略偏平な凹陥部６３によってステープル形成溝２３を形
成したものである。
【００５４】したがって、このアンビル２２によってス
テープル１１の形成を行った場合にはこのアンビル２２
の凹陥部６３の両端部に押しつけられたステープル１１
の両脚部１１ａ，１１ａはアンビル２２を押し込むにつ
れ、形成溝２３の凹陥部６３内に溶融し、中央部へ流れ
ていき、ついには図１３（Ｂ）に示すように両脚部１１
ａ，１１ａの先端部は溶融して一体化され、強固なステ
ープル１１の生体組織Ｈへの縫合が得られる。
【００５５】また、図１４（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）はステープル
形成溝２３の第４の変形例を示すものである。これは、
図１４（Ｂ）に示すように、アンビル２２の先端面に超
音波振動により溶融せず、溶着しづらい合成樹脂材料
（例えば、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン等）によって形
成された別体の溝形成シート７１を取付け、この溝形成
シート７１に左右一対の貫通口７２，７２を形成してス
テープル形成溝７３を構成したものである。
【００５６】この溝形成シート７１の貫通口７２，７２
は樹脂先端面からアンビル２２の先端面へ貫通する状態
で形成されている。そして、この溝形成シート７１がア
ンビル２２の先端面に取付けられた状態で、アンビル２
２の先端面と貫通口７２，７２とによりステープル形成
溝７３が完成する。
【００５７】そこで、上記構成のものにあってはステー
プル１１の形成時にはステープル１１の両脚部１１ａ，
１１ａの先端部は溝形成シート７１の貫通口７２，７２
を通して、アンビル２２の先端面に接触する。この状態
で、ステープル１１の両脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端部は
超音波振動をうけ、溶融し、溝形成シート７１の貫通口
７２，７２に沿って変形するので、金属製のアンビル２
２を使用した場合と同様にステープル１１が形成され
る。
【００５８】さらに、アンビル２２の先端面は合成樹脂
材料によって形成された別体の溝形成シート７１によっ
て覆われているので、ステープル１１の形成中、アンビ
ル２２の先端面が直接生体組織Ｈに触れることはない。
そのため、その超音波振動は樹脂部材の溝形成シート７
１によって減衰するため、超音波振動が生体組織Ｈに与
える影響はほとんどなくなる。
【００５９】さらに、溝形成シート７１に左右一対の貫
通口７２，７２を形成してステープル形成溝７３を形成
したので、アンビル２２の先端面には格別に加工を施さ
なくてもよい。そのため、アンビル２２の加工が容易と
なり、費用の節減を図ることができる。
【００６０】また、図１４（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）の変形例とし
て、図１５（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）に示す第５の変形例のように
アンビル２２の先端面２２ａにも、若干の形成溝７４，
７４を設け、これらの形成溝７４，７４と溝形成シート
７１の一対の貫通口７２，７２とを合わせて１つのステ
ープル形成溝７３を形成してもよい。この場合にはステ
ープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａが接触するアンビル２
２の先端部の面積が大きくなるため、よりステープル１
１の溶融が速やかになされる。
【００６１】また、図１６および図１７は本発明の第２
の実施例を示すものである。このステープラ８１には挿
入部８２と、その基端部に接続する操作部８３と、操作
部８３に内蔵される図示しない超音波振動子を駆動する
超音波振動子駆動装置からなる外部装置８４とが設けら
れている。
【００６２】挿入部８２の先端には一対の組織把持部材
８５，８６が設けられている。ここで、一方の組織把持
部材８６は他方の組織把持部材８５に対して開閉自在に
連結されている。
【００６３】また、図１７は挿入部８２の先端部の内部
構成を示したものである。組織把持部材８６の本体８７
にはステープル収納カートリッジ９が取外し可能に設け
られている。なお、ここに用いるカートリッジ９と、そ
のステープル１１は第１の実施例における図３，４のカ
ートリッジ９、図５のステープル１１と同様の構成のも
のであり、ここではその説明を省略する。この場合、ス
テープル１１は図９（Ａ）〜図１０（Ｄ）のものでも良
い。
【００６４】また、組織把持部材８６の本体８７内には
カートリッジ９の下面に設けられたプッシャー貫通口１
８の下方にプッシャー８８が組織把持部材本体８７に対
して上下動可能に設けられている。このプッシャー８８
にはプッシャーバー８９が接続されている。
【００６５】さらに、組織把持部材８５にはアンビル装
着穴９０が設けられている。このアンビル装着穴９０内
には図示しない超音波振動伝達部材と接続されたアンビ
ル９１が組織把持部材８５に対して、上下に移動可能に
設けられている。
【００６６】アンビル９１の下面先端にはステープル１
１を変形させるためのステープル形成溝９２が設けられ
ている。ステープル形成溝９２の形状については第１の
実施例（図７（Ａ）〜（Ｄ）に示す）と同様のものであ
り、図１１（Ａ）〜１５（Ｃ）のものでも良い。また、
この組織把持部材８５の組織把持面９３にはステープル
１１が貫通するためのステープル貫通口９４が設けられ
ている。
【００６７】さらに、挿入部８２には内腔があり、アン
ビル装着穴９０と、操作部８３の内腔との間を連通して
おり、この一連の内腔には、図６と同様な先端にホーン
２８を有するボルト締めランジュバン型超音波振動子２
７と、そのホーン２８の先端に接続され、先端にアンビ
ル９１が連結された振動伝達部材２９とが、上下動可能
に設けられている。
【００６８】また、操作部８３にはハンドル３０と、組
織把持部材８５，８６を開閉する第１のレバー９６と、
プッシャー８８を押だす第２のレバー９７と、アンビル
９１を上下動させる第３のレバー９８とが設けられてい
る。
【００６９】このように構成されたステープラ８１にて
縫合を行う場合、まず一対の組織把持部材８５，８６の
組織把持面９３，１５間に生体組織Ｈを適当な厚さに把
持し、次いでプッシャー８８を押して、ステープル１１
を外部側に押しだし、脚部１１ａ，１１ａを生体組織Ｈ
に貫通させる。
【００７０】その後、超音波振動子２７を駆動して、ア
ンビル９１を下降させ、ステープル１１をステープル形
成溝９２との接触部から溶融変形させる。そして、ステ
ープル１１の成形終了後、超音波振動を停止し、アンビ
ル９１、プッシャー８８をもとの位置にもどして、生体
組織Ｈをはなして、縫合が完了する。この時プッシャー
８８がもとの位置にもどり、次のステープル１１がセッ
トされる。
【００７１】したがって、このような構成にした場合に
も第１の実施例と同様の効果が得られる。また、本実施
例では通常の鉗子の様に操作して生体組織Ｈの把持がで
きるため使用しやすい。
【００７２】また、図１８乃至図２１は本発明の第３の
実施例を示すものである。このステープラ１０１には挿
入部１０２と、この挿入部１０２の基端部に設けられた
操作部１０３と、それに接続する超音波振動子駆動装置
からなる外部装置１０４とが設けられている。
【００７３】また、挿入部１０２の先端部には縫合部１
０５が設けられている。図１９，２０は縫合部１０５の
概略構成を示したものである。この縫合部１０５には挿
入部１０２の先端に固定され、内部が中空となった第１
の組織把持部材１０６と、これに対して、開閉自在に設
けられ、上面が開口した第２の組織把持部材１０７と、
この第２の組織把持部材１０７内に着脱可能に収容され
たカートリッジ１０８とが設けられている。
【００７４】カートリッジ１０８の上面中央には生体組
織Ｈの切断用のナイフ１０９が通るナイフ溝１１０が第
２の組織把持部材１０７の長手方向に沿って形成されて
いる。また、カーシリッジ１０８内には図２０に示すよ
うにナイフ溝１１０の両側に沿って複数列のステープル
収納部１１１が配列され、各ステープル収納部１１１内
のステープル１１を押しだすためのプッシャー１１２お
よびプッシャー１１２を推し上げるためのプッシャーバ
ー１１３が設けられている。
【００７５】さらに、第１の組織把持部材１０６の下面
にはステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端部が突
きでるための開口部が形成され、その上方にはアンビル
１１４が第１の組織把持部材１０６に対して上下動可能
に設けられている。このアンビル１１４にはステープル
１１を変形するためのステープル形成溝１１５が複数個
設けられている。なお、このアンビル１１４は超音波振
動伝達部材２９の先端に一体となって設けられている。
【００７６】また、操作部１０３にはハンドル１１６
と、第２の組織把持部材１０７を開閉させる第１のレバ
ー１１７と、プッシャーバー１１３を押し、プッシャー
１１２を押し上げるための第２のレバー１１８と、アン
ビル１１４を下方に押しつける第３のレバー１１９とが
設けられている。さらに、この操作部１０３内には図６
と同様に超音波振動子２７が設けられ、その先端にはホ
ーン２８を介して振動伝達部材２９が接続されている。
なお、超音波振動子駆動装置からなる外部装置１０４と
振動子伝達部材２９の構成については第１の実施例と同
様であり説明を省略する。
【００７７】このような構成のステープラ１０１を用い
て生体組織Ｈを縫合する場合にはまず第１のレバー１１
７を操作し、第１の組織把持部材１０６とカートリッジ
１０８との間に生体組織Ｈを適当な厚さに把持する。そ
のままの状態で、第２のレバー１１８を操作し、プッシ
ャーバー１１３を前方へ移動させ、プッシャー１１２を
押し上げると、ステープル１１はカートリッジ１０８か
ら押出され、その脚部１１ａ，１１ａは生体組織Ｈを貫
通し、脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端部は図２０に示すよう
に第１の組織把持部材１０６の中空部内へ抜ける。
【００７８】ここで、超音波振動子２７を駆動させる
と、アンビル１１４に超音波振動が伝わる。この状態
で、第３のレバー１１９を操作してアンビル１１４をス
テープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端に押しつける
と、ステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａは図２１に示
すようにアンビル１１４のステープル形成溝１１５に沿
って溶融、変形する。そして、ステープル１１の形成が
終了し、生体組織Ｈが複数のステープル１１によって縫
合された状態で、ナイフ１０９を前進させ、生体組織Ｈ
を切断する。
【００７９】したがって、上記構成のステープラ１０１
でも第１の実施例と同様に縫合対象となる生体組織Ｈの
厚さの違いにも対応して確実に縫合対象組織Ｈを縫合す
ることができ、その縫合対象組織Ｈの締め具合を調節で
きるとともに、穿刺能力を高めることができるという効
果が得られる。
【００８０】また、図２２および図２３は本発明の第４
の実施例を示すものである。これは、図２３に示すよう
に第３の実施例のステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａ
の先端部と組みあい、連結部１１ｂと対向して生体組織
Ｈを把持する板状の締結部材１２１を設けたものであ
る。この締結部材１２１はステープル１１と同様に生体
吸収性樹脂材料によって形成されている。そして、この
締結部材１２１の両端部にはステープル１１の脚部１１
ａ，１１ａが貫通するための穴１２２，１２２が設けら
れている。
【００８１】また、この締結部材１２１は図２２に示す
ように第１の組織把持部材１０６の下面（組織把持面）
の開口部におけるカートリッジ１０８内のステープル１
１に対向する位置に保持されている。
【００８２】そこで、上記構成のものにあっては生体組
織Ｈの縫合を行う場合にはまず第１のレバー１１７を操
作し、第１の組織把持部材１０６とカートリッジ１０８
との間で生体組織Ｈを適当な厚さに狭持する。そのまま
の状態で、第２のレバー１１８を操作し、プッシャーバ
ー１１３を前方へ移動させ、プッシャー１１２を押し上
げると、ステープル１１はカートリッジ１０８から押出
され、その脚部１１ａ，１１ａは生体組織Ｈを貫通し、
脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端部は対向する締結部材１２１
の穴１２２，１２２を通り、第１の組織把持部材１０６
の中空部内へ抜ける。
【００８３】ここで、超音波振動子２７を駆動させる
と、アンビル１１４に超音波振動が伝わる。この状態
で、第３のレバー１１９を操作してアンビル１１４をス
テープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａの先端に押しつける
と、ステープル１１の脚部１１ａ，１１ａは図２２に示
すように締結部材１２１の上面でアンビル１１４のステ
ープル形成溝１１５に沿って溶融、変形し、締結部材１
２１を押さえつける。あるいは、締結部材１２１の上面
と溶着する。
【００８４】したがって、このような構成にした場合で
も、従来のようにラッチ式の２体ステープルを使用する
場合と比較して、締結部にもステープル１１の脚部１１
ａ，１１ａにもラッチ部は必要ないため、細く、小さ
く、安価につくることができる。また、ステープル１１
の脚部１１ａ，１１ａを変形もしくは溶着するためラッ
チのようにはずれる心配がない。
【００８５】また、第３の実施例と同様に生体組織Ｈの
厚さの違いに対しても簡単に対処することができる。さ
らに、ステープル１１の連結部１１ｂと締結部材１２１
とによって生体組織Ｈをしっかりと挟みつけることがで
きるので、縫合の信頼性は高い。また、締結部材１２１
があるため、縫合時にアンビル１１４が生体組織Ｈに直
接触れることがないため、超音波振動による生体組織Ｈ
への影響がすくない。
【００８６】また、図２４（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）および図２５
は本発明の第５の実施例を示すものである。本実施例が
第３の実施例と異なる部分は、まずアンビル１３１の構
成である。このアンビル１３１の先端部側には図２４
（Ｃ）に示すように２つに分かれた分割部１３２，１３
２が設けられている。
【００８７】これらの分割部１３２，１３２はアンビル
１３１の軸心方向に対して対称であり、その先端面には
斜めに形成された傾斜面１３３が形成されている。この
傾斜面１３３からアンビル１３１の下面にかけて、カー
トリッジ１０８上に複数列配列されたステープル収納部
１１１の列間と同じ列間で同数列の溝１３４…が滑らか
に形成されている。
【００８８】さらに、各溝１３４の幅はステープル収納
部１１１内に収納されたステープル１４１の脚部１４１
ａ，１４１ａの幅より若干大きくなっている。また、溝
１３４の断面形状は丸形としているが、矩形断面でもよ
い。なお、このアンビル１３１を含む超音波振動系は第
１の実施例と同じ構成になっている。
【００８９】また、アンビル１３１は図２５に示すよう
に第１の組織把持部材１０６の溝内を前後進移動可能に
設けられている。なお、本実施例に使用されるステープ
ル１４１は両脚部１４１ａ，１４１ａ間の幅よりも連結
部１４１ｂの長さが大きなものとなっている。また、ス
テープル１４１は生体吸収性樹脂材料で形成されてい
る。
【００９０】上記構成のステープラによって生体組織Ｈ
を縫合する場合には、まず第１のレバー１１７を操作
し、第１の組織把持部材１０６とカートリッジ１０８と
の間で生体組織Ｈを適当な厚さに把持する。
【００９１】次に、プッシャーバー１１３を押してプッ
シャー１１２を押し上げると、ステープル１４１はカー
トリッジ１０８から押出され、その脚部１４１ａ，１４
１ａは図２４に示すように生体組織Ｈを貫通し、脚部１
４１ａ，１４１ａの先端部は第１の組織把持部材１０６
内に抜ける。
【００９２】ここで、超音波振動子２７を駆動して、ア
ンビル１３１を前進させると、アンビル１３１は最も近
位側のステープル１４１の脚部１４１ａに側面から当た
る。このとき、ステープル１４１の脚部１４１ａはアン
ビル１３１の溝１３４内に挿入される。そのため、アン
ビル１３１の前進動作に対し、このステープル１４１の
脚部１４１ａが溝１３４内から左右に外れることなし
に、このステープル１４１の脚部１４１ａが接触部から
超音波振動により叩かれ溶融していく。
【００９３】アンビル１３１をさらに前進させると、溶
融した脚部１４１ａはアンビル１３１の溝１３４に沿っ
てなぎ倒される状態で変形し、アンビル１３１の先端の
傾斜面１３３が脚部１４１ａを通りすぎると、変形され
た脚部１４１ａはアンビル１３１の下面の溝１３４に沿
って生体組織Ｈを締める。このようにして、第１の組織
把持部材１０６内に突きでたステープル１４１の脚部１
４１ａをアンビル１３１を前進させて順次変形してい
き、図２５に示すように縫合を行う。
【００９４】したがって、上記構成のものにあっても、
生体組織Ｈから突き出たステープル１４１の脚部１４１
ａがどのような長さであっても、確実に曲げることがで
きるので、生体組織Ｈの厚さの違いに対応できる。
【００９５】また、図２６は第５の実施例のステープル
１４１の変形例を示すものである。すなわち、本変形例
のステープル１５１には１本の長い連結部１５２と、こ
の連結部１５２から同一方向に突設された複数の脚部１
５３…とが設けられている。さらに、各脚部１５３の先
端には鋭利な刃部が設けられている。このステープル１
５１は生体吸収性樹脂材料によって形成されている。
【００９６】上記構成のステープル１５１にあっては縫
合する部位を一様に締結できる。また、１本のステープ
ル１５１で大きな部位を縫合できるので、使用するステ
ープル１５１の数が少なくなる。そのため、カートリッ
ジ１０８内の構造が簡単になり、コスト低下が図れる。
【００９７】また、図２７（Ａ），（Ｂ）は第５の実施
例のアンビル１３１の第１の変形例を示すものである。
これは、第５の実施例のアンビル１３１に設けられた溝
１３４の凸部に、超音波振動により溶融、溶着しない合
成樹脂材料からなる別体のカバー部材１６１を貼着した
ものである。なお、図２８（Ａ），（Ｂ）の第２の変形
例のようにアンビル１３１には溝１３４を形成せず、合
成樹脂材料からなる別体のカバー部材１６２を設けるこ
とにより溝１３４を形成してもよい。
【００９８】上記構成のアンビル１３１では第５の実施
例と同様の縫合が可能となる。また、このように構成さ
れたアンビル１３１では生体組織Ｈと接触する部分はア
ンビル１３１に貼着された別体のカバー部材１６１であ
るので、生体組織Ｈに超音波振動が与えられる影響はほ
とんどない。
【００９９】また、図２９および図３０は第５の実施例
のアンビル１３１の第３の変形例を示すものである。こ
れは、図３０に示すようにアンビル１３１の左右の分割
部１３２，１３２間にナイフ保持部１７１を設け、この
ナイフ保持部１７１におけるアンビル１３１の先端より
後方、下面にナイフ１７２を設けたものである。
【０１００】上記構成のものにあってはステープル１４
１の脚部１４１ａを曲げるためにアンビル１３１を進め
ていく時、ステープル１４１の形成が順次なされ、生体
組織Ｈを縫合しながら、ナイフ１７２はこれを超音波振
動しながら生体組織Ｈを切断していく。
【０１０１】したがって、このような構成ではナイフ１
７２に超音波振動が伝わるため、生体組織Ｈを切断しや
すくなるとともに、また複数回使用してもナイフ１７２
の切れ味が落ちない。
【０１０２】また、図３１（Ａ），（Ｂ）は第５の実施
例のさらに別の変形例を示すものである。これは、生体
組織Ｈにステープル１８１を貫通した時に、生体組織Ｈ
上に突きでる脚部１８１ａ，１８１ａの長さをステープ
ル１８１の隣りあう脚部１８１ａ，１８１ａ間の間隔よ
りも大きくしたものである。
【０１０３】このような構成のステープル１８１で縫合
を行った場合にはアンビル１３１を押し進めると、脚部
１８１ａ，１８１ａは溶融し、なぎ倒されるようにして
変形してゆくが、この時、脚部１８１ａ，１８１ａの長
さが長いため、アンビル１３１の進行方向に隣りあう脚
部１８１ａ，１８１ａに溶融しながら接触し、図３１
（Ａ）に示すように隣りあう脚部１８１ａ，１８１ａと
一体化される。
【０１０４】このようにしてアンビル１３１が挿入部の
先端まで進行すると、脚部１８１ａ，１８１ａは一連と
なり、図３１（Ｂ）に示すように各ステープル１８１が
連なるように生体組織Ｈに縫合される。したがって、上
記構成の場合にはステープル１８１は脚部１８１ａ，１
８１ａがつながるため、確実に縫合される。
【０１０５】なお、ステープル１８１としては図２６の
ような形状のステープル１５１を用いてもよい。この場
合にはステープル１５１の成形後には図３１（Ｃ）のよ
うに生体組織Ｈの両側でステープル１５１が一体的に連
結されるので、さらに確実に縫合がなされる。
【０１０６】また、図３２は本発明の第６の実施例を示
すものである。これは、アンビル１３１の下面を第１の
組織把持部材１０６の下面１９１よりも若干低い位置に
で前後進可能に配置したものである。さらに、アンビル
１３１は図２７（Ａ），（Ｂ）に示したように溝１３４
の凸部に合成樹脂材料からなる別体のカバー部材１６１
を貼着したものを用いている。
【０１０７】上記構成のステープラにて生体組織Ｈを縫
合すると、図３２のようにアンビル１３１の下面は、生
体組織Ｈを狭持した厚さよりも下方に押しつけながら進
み、その厚さでステープル１４１によって縫合される。
【０１０８】したがって、このような構成では、より強
い締めつけを行うことができる。また、アンビル１３１
に貼着された合成樹脂材料からなる別体のカバー部材１
６１によって生体組織Ｈを押しつけることができるの
で、生体組織Ｈへの超音波振動の影響を防止することが
できる。
【０１０９】また、図３３は本発明の第７の実施例を示
すものである。これは、第５の実施例のステープル１４
１に図２３に示す板状の締結部材１２１を組み合わせた
ものである。ここで、第１の組織把持部材１０６の下面
開口にはカートリッジ１０８内のステープル１４１と対
向する位置にステープル１４１と同数の締結部材１２１
が配設されている。
【０１１０】このような構成にて、第５の実施例と同様
にして生体組織Ｈの縫合を行った場合には、図３３のよ
うになり、ステープル１４１は脚部１４１ａ，１４１ａ
の先端部がなぎ倒されるように締結部材１２１の上面に
押しつけ、あるいは溶着される。したがって、このよう
な構成にした場合でも上記実施例と同様の効果が得られ
る。
【０１１１】また、図３４乃至図３６（Ｂ）は本発明の
第８の実施例を示すものである。ここで、図３４はステ
ープラ１７１全体の概略構成を示すもので、１７２は挿
入部、１７３は操作部、１７４は図示しない超音波振動
子を駆動する超音波振動子駆動装置からなる外部装置で
ある。
【０１１２】また、挿入部１７２の先端部には図３５に
示すようにステープル成形部１７５が設けられている。
このステープル成形部１７５にはケーシング１７５ａ内
に略Ｍ形状のステープル１７６が収容されている。
【０１１３】このステープル１７６は生体吸収性樹脂ま
たは生体適合性樹脂によって形成されている。このステ
ープル１７６には略直線状の中央部１７６ａと、その両
端から伸びる両脚部１７６ｂ，１７６ｂと、両脚部１７
６ｂ，１７６ｂの先端に配置された生体組織Ｈを穿刺で
きる鋭利な爪部１７６ｃ，１７６ｃとが設けられてい
る。
【０１１４】また、挿入部１７２の先端部のケーシング
１７５ａ内には挿入部１７２の先端のステープル放出口
１７７からステープル１７６を押し出すプッシャー１７
８がステープル１７６の両脚部１７６ｂ，１７６ｂを押
す位置に、挿入部１７２の前後方向に対して進退自在に
設けられている。
【０１１５】さらに、ステープル１７６はその中央部１
７６ａが挿入部１７２の先端に設けられた支持突起１７
９と、超音波振動子と振動伝達部材を介して接続された
アンビル１８０とに接した状態で保持されている。
【０１１６】アンビル１８０は挿入部１７２内に固定さ
れている。また、アンビル１８０の先端はステープル１
７６の中央部１７６ａの両端を支持するように、両端に
小突起１８１，１８１が設けられている。なお、操作部
１７２にはハンドル１８２と操作レバー１８３とが設け
られている。
【０１１７】このように構成されるステープラ１７１に
よって生体組織Ｈを縫合する場合にはまず挿入部１７２
の先端を生体組織Ｈに近接させる。或いは、挿入部１７
２の先端を生体組織Ｈに押しつけ、その後、超音波振動
子を駆動させる。超音波振動はアンビル１８０の先端の
小突起１８１，１８１に伝わり、それに接するステープ
ル１７６中央部１７６ａの両端は発熱溶融する。
【０１１８】ここで、操作レバー１８３を操作し、プッ
シャー１７８を押しだすと、ステープル１７６の中央部
１７６ａの両端の溶融部を中心にして回転するように脚
部１７６ｂ，１７６ｂが押出され、爪部１７６ｃ，１７
６ｃは図３６（Ａ）に示すように生体組織Ｈに突き刺さ
る。
【０１１９】さらに、プッシャー１７８が押し進められ
ると、ステープル１７６の爪部１７６ｃ，１７６ｃは図
３６（Ｂ）に示すように刺さった生体組織Ｈを掻き寄せ
る状態で引き寄せ、生体組織Ｈを締めつける。そして、
ステープル１７６の変形が終了した後、超音波振動を停
止すると、溶融部はすみやかに固化し、縫合が完了す
る。
【０１２０】そこで、上記構成のステープラ１７１では
樹脂であるステープル１７６を溶融変形させることが可
能となるので、生体組織Ｈの縫合が確実に行われる。ま
た、略Ｍ形状のステープル１７６を用いるため、平面的
な生体組織Ｈであっても縫合できる。
【０１２１】また、図３７乃至図３８（Ｂ）は本発明の
第９の実施例を示すものである。図３７はステープラの
挿入部１９１の先端のケーシング１９１ａの内部構成を
示すものである。この挿入部１９１の先端部には生体吸
収性樹脂もしくは生体適合性樹脂から成る一対のステー
プル１９２が挿入部１９１の前後方向の中心軸に対して
対称に収容されている。
【０１２２】このステープル１９２には略直線状の脚部
１９３と、この脚部１９３の外側端部に形成され、生体
組織Ｈに刺さる鋭利な爪部１９４とが設けられている。
さらに、ステープル１９２は支持部材１９６に支持され
ている。この支持部材１９６の一端は支軸１９７を中心
として回転可能に支持されている。また、この支持部材
１９６の他端にはステープル１９２の保持部１９９が設
けられている。
【０１２３】このとき、ステープル１９２の脚部１９３
も支持部材１９６に沿って支持されるが、ステープル１
９２の脚部１９３の方が支持部材１９６よりも長くなっ
ており、脚部１９３の他端は支持部材１９６の支軸１９
７よりも突き出た状態で配置されている。
【０１２４】また、支持部材１９６にはこれを回転させ
るための作動バー２００が接続される。作動バー２００
は挿入部１９１の前後方向に進退自在に設けられてい
る。そして、この作動バー２００の先端は支持部材１９
６のステープル保持部１９９の裏側に支軸２０１を中心
に回転自在に連結されており、この作動バー２００の直
進運動を支持部材１９６の回転運動に変換するようにな
っている。
【０１２５】さらに、支持部材１９６と作動バー２００
は挿入部１９１の先端に設けられたステープル放出口の
両側に、支持部材１９６の回転中心間に適当な距離をお
くように対象に配置される。
【０１２６】両支持部材１９６間にはアンビル２０２が
前後進自在に設けられる。アンビル２０２の先端面には
図１３（Ａ），（Ｂ）と同じ形状の形成溝２０３が設け
られている。なお、このアンビル２０２には超音波振動
装置が接続される。
【０１２７】このような構成のステープラにて生体組織
Ｈを縫合する場合、まず、挿入部１９１の先端を生体組
織Ｈに押しあて、作動バー２００を前進させて支持部材
１９６を回転し、ステープル１９２の爪部１９４にて生
体組織Ｈを突き刺す。
【０１２８】さらに、作動バー２００を押して支持部材
１９６を回転させ、図３８（Ａ）に示すように生体組織
Ｈをひきよせ、ステープル１９２の脚部１９３を直立さ
せる。ここで、超音波振動子を駆動して、アンビル２０
２を前後させ、脚部１９３に押しあてる。
【０１２９】このとき、脚部１９３は接触端から順次溶
融し、アンビル２０２の進行にともなって形成溝２０３
内に沿って変形していく。さらに、アンビル２０２を押
しこむと両端部から溶融してきたステープル１９２の脚
部１９３は形成溝２０３内にて、一体化され、図３８
（Ｂ）に示すように２つのステープル１９２がつなが
る。そして、超音波振動子を停止すると樹脂は固化し、
縫合は完成する。
【０１３０】そこで、上記構成のステープラでも上記実
施例と同様の効果が得られる。
【０１３１】なお、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるも
のではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形
実施できることは勿論である。
【０１３２】
【発明の効果】本発明によれば縫合部材を熱可塑性樹脂
材料によって形成し、縫合部材を溶融または軟化させる
手段および溶融または軟化させた縫合部材を任意の形状
に変形する成形手段を縫合装置本体に設けたので、縫合
対象となる生体組織の厚さの違いにも対応して確実に縫
合対象組織を縫合することができ、その縫合対象組織の
締め具合を調節できるとともに、穿刺能力を高めること
ができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の第１の実施例のステープラの概略構
成図。
【図２】 （Ａ）はステープラの挿入部の先端の組織把
持部の内部構成を示す縦断面図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のＬ1
−Ｌ1 線断面図。
【図３】 カートリッジの外観を示す斜視図。
【図４】 カートリッジの内部構成を示す断面斜視図。
【図５】 ステープラに用いられるステープルの１例を
示す斜視図。
【図６】 超音波加熱装置の概略構成図。
【図７】 アンビルの先端のステープル成形部を示すも
ので、（Ａ）はアンビルのステープル形成溝を示す平面
図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のＬ1 −Ｌ1 線断面図、（Ｃ）は
（Ａ）のＬ2 −Ｌ2 線断面図、（Ｄ）はステープル形成
溝とステープルの脚部との接触状態を示す縦断面図。
【図８】 ステープルによる生体組織の縫合動作を示す
もので、（Ａ）はステープルの脚部による生体組織の貫
通状態を示す縦断面図、（Ｂ）はステープルの変形状態
を示す縦断面図。
【図９】 （Ａ）〜（Ｋ）はそれぞれ異なるステープル
の変形例を示す斜視図。
【図１０】 （Ａ）はステープルの他の変形例を示す斜
視図、（Ｂ），（Ｃ）はステープルのさらに別の変形例
を示す側面図、（Ｄ）はステープルの脚部の変形例を示
す縦断面図。
【図１１】 ステープル形成溝の第１の変形例を示すも
ので、（Ａ）は要部の縦断面図、（Ｂ）はステープルの
変形状態を示す縦断面図。
【図１２】 ステープル形成溝の第２の変形例を示すも
ので、（Ａ）はステープル形成溝の平面図、（Ｂ）は
（Ａ）のＬ1 −Ｌ1 線断面図、（Ｃ）はステープルの変
形状態を示す縦断面図。
【図１３】 ステープル形成溝の第３の変形例を示すも
ので、（Ａ）は要部の縦断面図、（Ｂ）はステープルの
変形状態を示す縦断面図。
【図１４】 ステープル形成溝の第４の変形例を示すも
ので、（Ａ）は要部の平面図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のＬ1 −
Ｌ1 線断面図、（Ｃ）は（Ａ）のＬ2 −Ｌ2線断面図。
【図１５】 ステープル形成溝の第５の変形例を示すも
ので、（Ａ）は要部の平面図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）のＬ1 −
Ｌ1 線断面図、（Ｃ）は（Ａ）のＬ2 −Ｌ2線断面図。
【図１６】 本発明の第２の実施例のステープラの概略
構成図。
【図１７】 ステープラの挿入部先端の内部構成を示す
縦断面図。
【図１８】 本発明の第３の実施例のステープラの概略
構成図。
【図１９】 ステープラの挿入部先端の斜視図。
【図２０】 ステープラの挿入部先端の一部を断面にし
て示す側面図。
【図２１】 ステープラの挿入部先端の一部を断面にし
てステープルの変形状態を示す側面図。
【図２２】 本発明の第４の実施例のステープラの挿入
部先端の一部を断面にして示す側面図。
【図２３】 ステープルの締結部材を示す斜視図。
【図２４】 本発明の第５の実施例を示すもので、
（Ａ）はステープラの挿入部先端の一部を断面にして示
す側面図、（Ｂ）はアンビルを示す側面図、（Ｃ）はア
ンビルの形成溝を示す平面図。
【図２５】 ステープルの脚部の変形状態をステープラ
の挿入部先端の一部を断面にして示す側面図。
【図２６】 第５の実施例のステープルの変形例を示す
斜視図。
【図２７】 第５の実施例のアンビルの第１の変形例を
示すもので、（Ａ）はアンビルの形成溝を示す正面図、
（Ｂ）はアンビルの側面図。
【図２８】 第５の実施例のアンビルの第２の変形例を
示すもので、（Ａ）はアンビルの形成溝を示す正面図、
（Ｂ）はアンビルの側面図。
【図２９】 第５の実施例のアンビルの第３の変形例を
示す側面図。
【図３０】 同変形例のアンビルの形成溝を示す平面
図。
【図３１】 （Ａ）は第５の実施例のさらに別の変形例
を示す縦断面図、（Ｂ）は同変形例のステープルの変形
状態を示す縦断面図、（Ｃ）は図２６のステープルの変
形状態を示す縦断面図。
【図３２】 本発明の第６の実施例のステープラの挿入
部先端の一部を断面にして示す側面図。
【図３３】 本発明の第７の実施例のステープラの挿入
部先端の一部を断面にして示す側面図。
【図３４】 本発明の第８の実施例のステープラの概略
構成図。
【図３５】 ステープラの挿入部先端の内部構成を示す
縦断面図。
【図３６】 （Ａ）はステープルの変形途中の状態を示
す要部の縦断面図、（Ｂ）はステープルの変形終了状態
を示す要部の縦断面図。
【図３７】 本発明の第９の実施例のステープラの挿入
部先端の内部構成を示す縦断面図。
【図３８】 （Ａ）はステープルの変形途中の状態を示
す要部の縦断面図、（Ｂ）はステープルの変形終了状態
を示す要部の縦断面図。
【符号の説明】
１…ステープラ（縫合装置本体）、１１…ステープル
（縫合部材）、２３…ステープル形成溝（成形手段）、
２７…超音波振動子（溶融または軟化手段）。
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
【手続補正書】
【提出日】平成６年１月１２日
【手続補正１】
【補正対象書類名】明細書
【補正対象項目名】００３７
【補正方法】変更
【補正内容】
【００３７】また、操作部３の第２のレバー３２および
第３のレバー３３の操作にともないステープル１１の脚
部１１ａ，１１ａを必要なだけ曲げることができるの
で、生体組織Ｈの厚さに左右されずに縫合できる。同様
に、生体組織Ｈの締めつけ力である縫合力も自由に変え
られるので、生体組織Ｈの締めすぎによる壊死の発生
や、逆に締めが甘いことによる切断面からの出血の持続
等を確実に防止することができる。さらに、１体のステ
ープル１１を直接変形させるため、確実な縫合ができ
る。この場合、ステープル１１は生体吸収性樹脂製であ
るので、ＣＴ等の体内像観察の妨げとなるおそれはな
い。外部から直接熱を加えて樹脂を溶融させるのと異な
り、超音波振動を加えて樹脂部材自身を発熱させるた
め、溶融するまでの時間が短く、また樹脂部材のみの発
熱であるので、発熱量が少く、周囲（主にアンビル）へ
の熱の分散も速いため溶融樹脂の固化が早い。したがっ
て、縫合時間が短くてすむ。
【手続補正２】
【補正対象書類名】図面
【補正対象項目名】図１９
【補正方法】変更
【補正内容】
【図１９】

Claims (1)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】 縫合部材を用いて生体組織を縫合する縫
    合装置において、前記縫合部材を熱可塑性樹脂材料によ
    って形成し、前記縫合部材を溶融または軟化させる手段
    および溶融または軟化させた前記縫合部材を任意の形状
    に変形する成形手段を縫合装置本体に設けたことを特徴
    とする縫合装置。
JP27464293A 1993-11-02 1993-11-02 縫合装置 Expired - Fee Related JP3414455B2 (ja)

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JPH07124166A true JPH07124166A (ja) 1995-05-16
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