JPH0677487B2 - Method for culturing carrier fungi - Google Patents
Method for culturing carrier fungiInfo
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- JPH0677487B2 JPH0677487B2 JP63314965A JP31496588A JPH0677487B2 JP H0677487 B2 JPH0677487 B2 JP H0677487B2 JP 63314965 A JP63314965 A JP 63314965A JP 31496588 A JP31496588 A JP 31496588A JP H0677487 B2 JPH0677487 B2 JP H0677487B2
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Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 (1)産業上の利用分野 本願発明は担子菌類の培養を2段階に分けて行なう方法
に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (1) Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a method of culturing basidiomycetes in two stages.
(2)従来技術 一般にキノコの栽培にはクヌギ、ナラ等の原木を1m程度
に裁断し栽培する原木栽培と、オガクズ、モミガラ等の
粒状物質にコメヌカ、フスマ等の栄養源を添加して培地
とする菌床体培とがあるが、最近は培養期間、原木の高
騰等により菌床栽培が多く行なわれている。(2) Conventional technology In general, for cultivation of mushrooms, raw wood cultivation in which raw wood such as kunugi and oak is cut to about 1 m and cultivated, and a nutrient medium such as rice bran and rice bran is added to a nutrient medium such as rice bran and rice bran to form a medium. There is a cultivated bed culture, but recently, a cultivated bed is often used due to soaring raw trees during the culturing period.
そして菌床栽培に関する出願として「食用きのこの培養
方法」(特開昭62−126911)が挙げられる。この方法は
菌糸の培養と子実体の成育の各段階において、培養環境
等を変化させ、それら各々に適した条件で培養すべく構
成したものである。An application relating to cultivation of fungal beds is "cultivation method for edible mushrooms" (JP-A-62-126911). This method is configured to change the culture environment and the like at each stage of culturing mycelia and growing fruiting bodies, and culture under conditions suitable for each of them.
(3)発明が解決しようとする問題点 しかし前記「食用きのこの培養方法」において、一応菌
糸の培養工程と子実体の発生工程を分けて培養している
が、何れの工程においても基本的にはビン等の小型容器
相互間で培地を移し換えているにすぎず、人手に頼る生
産システムであって、大規模な生産には適するものでは
ない。(3) Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the above-mentioned “cultivation method for edible mushrooms”, the culturing step of the hyphae and the step of producing fruit bodies are cultivated separately, but basically, in any step Is merely a transfer of the medium between small containers such as bottles, and is a production system that relies on manpower, and is not suitable for large-scale production.
そこで本願発明者は鋭意研究の結果菌床栽培において、
特に担子菌類育成の初期工程である菌糸の蔓延段階まで
が雑菌に汚染されやすいが、菌糸蔓延後は雑菌の影響を
殆ど受けないという事実に注目し、菌糸の蔓延段階まで
は容器による培養等の無菌培養を行ない、後工程である
菌糸の培養および子実体の発生段階では培地を平面的に
盛込むいわゆるベッド栽培で行なえば、担子菌類の培養
を大規模に行なうことができ、しかも生産の回転率を上
げることができるということを知見し、本願発明を完成
させた。Therefore, the inventor of the present application, as a result of earnest research, in the fungal bed cultivation,
Especially, it is easy to be contaminated by various bacteria up to the stage of hyphae infestation, which is the initial step of basidiomycete cultivation, but pay attention to the fact that after the infestation of hyphae, it is hardly affected by other bacteria. Performing aseptic culture, which is a post-process, mycelium culture and bed culture in which the medium is flatly placed at the stage of fruit body development, so-called bed cultivation, enables large-scale cultivation of basidiomycetes, and also rotation of production. The inventors have found that the rate can be increased and completed the present invention.
すなわち本願発明は、木質原料の粉砕物および栄養源の
混合物を培地とし加熱殺菌後担子菌類を接種してそれを
菌床培養する方法において、培地を先ず無菌培養しそこ
に菌糸を蔓延させ、次いで該培地をほぐし平面状に盛り
込み後非無菌培養することを特徴とする担子菌類の培養
方法である。That is, the present invention is a method of inoculating a basidiomycete after heat sterilization using a mixture of a pulverized wood raw material and a nutrient source as a medium, and incubating it in a fungal bed, in which the medium is first aseptically cultivated and the mycelium is spread there, and then A method for culturing basidiomycetes is characterized in that the medium is loosened and flatly placed and then non-sterile culture is performed.
(4)問題点を解決するための具体的手段 本願発明において、先ず第1段階である無菌培養として
は無菌室における容器培養、袋培養、箱培養、または無
菌フィルターを装着した容器培養あるいは袋培養、さら
には密閉系によるものとして本出願人による通風培養
(「担子菌類の培養法」特開昭61−231920)等が挙げら
れる。第2段階であるベッド栽培としては第1段階の無
菌培養で菌糸が蔓延した培地をほぐしてある程度まとめ
て平面状に広げ、開放系すなわち非無菌培養で子実体を
発生させるベッド栽培方法等が挙げられる。(4) Specific Means for Solving Problems In the present invention, the first stage of the aseptic culture is container culture in a sterile room, bag culture, box culture, or container culture equipped with a sterile filter or bag culture. Further, as a closed system, there is a ventilation culture by the present applicant (“Cultivation method of basidiomycetes” JP-A-61-231920). As the bed cultivation which is the second step, there is a bed cultivation method in which the medium in which the hyphae has spread is loosened in the first step aseptic culture and spread to some extent in a plane, and the fruiting bodies are generated in an open system, that is, non-sterile culture. To be
そして本願発明において対象となる担子菌としては、ナ
メコ、ヒラタケ、マイタケ、エノキタケ、およびシイタ
ケ等が挙げられ、培地としては、スギ、ブナ、ナラ、ク
ヌギ、ラワン、ケヤキ、およびカエデ等の木質原料の粉
砕物にコメヌカ、コーンブラシ、ハトムギヌカ、および
オオムギヌカ等の栄養源を添加したものを利用すること
ができる。And the basidiomycetes targeted in the present invention, nameko, oyster mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, and the like, the medium, cedar, beech, oak, kunugi, lauan, zelkova, and woody materials such as maple. It is possible to use a crushed product to which nutrient sources such as rice bran, cornbrush, pearl mulberry, and barley rice are added.
次に培地の製造方法であるが、第1図に示すようなビン
等の培養容器1に前述した木質原料の粉砕物および栄養
源の混合物2を充填し、そのままオートクレーブ等の殺
菌装置で加熱殺菌した後冷却し、そこに無菌的に担子菌
を接種し培地とすることがまず挙げられる。Next, regarding the method for producing the medium, a culture container 1 such as a bottle as shown in FIG. 1 is filled with the pulverized product of the woody raw material and the mixture 2 of nutrient sources, and heat sterilized by a sterilizer such as an autoclave as it is. The first step is to cool the mixture and then aseptically inoculate it with basidiomycete to obtain a medium.
そしてその他本出願人による第2図に示すような「固体
培地の殺菌装置」(特開昭62−208268)が好適に利用で
きる。In addition, a "solid medium sterilizer" (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-208268) as shown in FIG. 2 by the present applicant can be preferably used.
該装置3は主に加熱装置4、冷却装置5、および担子菌
接種装置6より成り、粉砕した木質原料を投入装置7を
介して加熱装置4に供給し、該装置4内で飽和水蒸気に
より加熱殺菌した後排出装置8を介して冷却装置5へ移
送する。該冷却装置5で冷却した後担子菌接種装置6で
以て木質原料に担子菌を接種し、これを第1図に示す培
養容器1に1本づつ充填して培地とする。The device 3 is mainly composed of a heating device 4, a cooling device 5, and a basidiomycete inoculation device 6, and supplies pulverized wood raw material to the heating device 4 via the charging device 7 and heats it with saturated steam in the device 4. After sterilization, it is transferred to the cooling device 5 via the discharging device 8. After cooling with the cooling device 5, the basidiomycete inoculating device 6 inoculates the wood raw material with basidiomycetes, and the culture vessels 1 shown in FIG.
以上の如くして製造された培地で、こんどは菌糸を無菌
培養するわけであるが、この菌糸の培養期間がキノコの
育成中雑菌に汚染され易い期間であり特に重要な工程
で、培養容器1に充填したまま無菌室で室温18〜25℃、
湿度60〜70%に保持して1〜2週間程度培養する。具体
的には例えばシイタケで10日間程度である。The mycelium is cultivated aseptically in the medium produced as described above, and the culture period of this mycelium is a period during which mushrooms are easily contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria. Room temperature 18-25 ℃ in a sterile room,
The culture is maintained at a humidity of 60 to 70% for about 1 to 2 weeks. Specifically, it takes about 10 days with shiitake mushrooms, for example.
その他無菌培養としては第3図に示す如く通常行なわれ
ている培養容器1の入り口に無菌フィルター9を装着し
て培養する方法、さらには第4図に示すごとく培養槽10
に培地2を盛り込み、除菌フィルター11、調湿機12を介
し、高湿空気を通風しながら培養する方法等がある。As other aseptic culture, as shown in FIG. 3, a method of culturing with a sterile filter 9 installed at the entrance of the culture container 1 which is usually performed, and further, as shown in FIG.
There is a method in which the medium 2 is put in the medium and the culture is performed while passing high humidity air through the sterilization filter 11 and the humidity controller 12.
次に菌糸の育成であるが、前述の如く無菌的に培養され
た培地をほぐし、例えば平板状の培養容器に広げ子実体
をいわゆるベッド栽培方法で発生させる。平面的に広げ
られた培地であるが、厚さは10〜100mm程度にすればよ
く、平面的な広がりは移動等の取り扱いの面から決定す
ればよく特に限定はない。このベッド栽培方法により培
地の単位体積当たりの表面積が増大するため、収穫の回
転率すなわち生産性を上げることができる。Next, for the growth of mycelia, aseptic culture medium is unraveled as described above, and it is spread in, for example, a flat culture container to generate fruiting bodies by a so-called bed cultivation method. Although it is a medium expanded in a plane, the thickness may be about 10 to 100 mm, and the plane expansion may be determined from the viewpoint of handling such as movement, and there is no particular limitation. By this bed cultivation method, the surface area per unit volume of the medium is increased, so that the turnover rate of harvest, that is, the productivity can be increased.
そしてこのベッド栽培において培地を平面的に盛込む手
段としては、第5図に示すベッド栽培装置15が好適に利
用できる。The bed cultivation device 15 shown in FIG. 5 can be suitably used as a means for flatly putting the medium in this bed cultivation.
先ず同図において16は樹脂等で形成されてなる平板状の
大型培養容器で、該容器16に培地が盛込まれる。First, in the figure, 16 is a large flat plate-shaped culture vessel made of resin or the like, and a medium is placed in the vessel 16.
17は培地の盛込機で、主に培地を収納するホッパー18、
それを支持するフレーム19、該フレーム19を移動自在に
支持するローラ20、及び該ローラ20を回転駆動するモー
タ21より構成され、前記容器16を跨ぐように配設されて
おり、培地を大型培養容器16に盛込む作用をする。該盛
込機において、ホッパー18は下部が開放されており、培
地の排出口22を形成しており、該排出口22より定量的に
培地が排出されるよう構成されている。17 is a medium filling machine, mainly a hopper for storing the medium 18,
A frame 19 that supports it, a roller 20 that movably supports the frame 19, and a motor 21 that rotationally drives the roller 20, are arranged so as to straddle the container 16, and culture the medium in a large size. It acts to fill the container 16. In the filling machine, the lower part of the hopper 18 is open, and a medium discharge port 22 is formed. The medium is quantitatively discharged from the discharge port 22.
またホッパー18の排出口22に垂設されている平板23は、
培地のならし機で、該平板23の作用で大型培養容器16内
に培地が平面的に盛込まれることになる。Further, the flat plate 23 that is vertically installed on the discharge port 22 of the hopper 18,
The flat plate 23 acts to flatly fill the medium in the large-scale culture vessel 16 with the medium-leveling machine.
24はレールで、大型培養容器16に平行に1対敷設されて
おり、盛込機17はこのレール24の上を移動する。A pair of rails 24 are laid in parallel with the large-sized culture vessel 16, and the laying machine 17 moves on the rails 24.
25は培地の搬送装置で、コンベア26、該コンベア26にお
ける移送物の受け側に設けられているホッパー27、およ
び該ホッパー27の排出口に設けられている解砕機28より
構成され、盛込機17のホッパー18に培地を供給する作用
を成す。Reference numeral 25 denotes a medium transporting device, which is composed of a conveyor 26, a hopper 27 provided on the receiving side of the transferred material on the conveyor 26, and a crusher 28 provided at the discharge port of the hopper 27. It serves to supply the culture medium to the hopper 18 of 17.
また29は大型培養容器16の架台で、大型培養容器16を他
の場所に例えばフォークリフトで搬送し易いように設け
られている。Further, 29 is a mount for the large-scale culture vessel 16 and is provided so that the large-scale culture vessel 16 can be easily transported to another place by, for example, a forklift.
次に第6図は培養装置30を示し、盛込機17で培地が盛込
まれた大型培養容器16を多段的に載置し、菌糸の育成を
行なう装置であるが。菌糸が十分に蔓延した培地は汚染
されることもないため、培養装置30は開放系すなわち非
無菌培養でよい。Next, FIG. 6 shows a culture device 30, which is a device for growing a mycelium by mounting large-scale culture vessels 16 in which a culture medium has been loaded by a loading device 17 in multiple stages. The culture device 30 may be an open system, that is, a non-sterile culture, since the culture medium in which the mycelium is sufficiently spread is not contaminated.
次に本願発明の作用を説明するに、培養容器1で無菌培
養された培地は先ずホッパー27に集められ、解砕機28で
ほぐされた後ベルトコンベア26で以て今度は盛込機17の
ホッパー18に供給される。なおこの時盛込機17は第5図
において左端部に位置させ、架台29には大型培養容器16
を載置しておく。ホッパー18に培地の供給が完了する
と、盛込機17を右方向に移動させながら排出口22より培
地を徐々に排出させ、大型培養容器16に平面的に盛込
む。その後搬送装置で第6図のような培養装置に搬入し
て、培地の培養を行なう。Next, to explain the operation of the present invention, the culture medium aseptically cultivated in the culture container 1 is first collected in the hopper 27, unraveled by the crusher 28, and then the hopper of the feeder 17 by the belt conveyor 26. Supplied to 18. At this time, the platter 17 is located at the left end in FIG.
Is placed. When the supply of the culture medium to the hopper 18 is completed, the medium is gradually discharged from the discharge port 22 while moving the filling machine 17 to the right, and is flatly filled in the large culture container 16. After that, the medium is carried into a culture device as shown in FIG. 6 by a carrier device to culture the medium.
また第4図の実施例によれば、必要に応じ培養槽10のみ
を培養装置30へ移送するだけでよく、培地2の移し換え
を必要としない利点がある。In addition, according to the embodiment of FIG. 4, only the culture tank 10 needs to be transferred to the culture device 30 as needed, and there is an advantage that the transfer of the medium 2 is not required.
次に比較実験例を示し、本願の有効性を数値的に示す。Next, a comparative experiment example will be shown to numerically show the effectiveness of the present application.
実験例 A.実験条件 (a)培地:ブナオガ粉とコメヌカを10:1に混合し水分
を60%に調整後、ポリプロピレン製の袋に2kg(直径15c
m,高さ20cm)充填したものを培地とした。Experimental Example A. Experimental Conditions (a) Medium: Beechwood powder and rice bran were mixed at 10: 1 to adjust the water content to 60%, and then 2 kg (diameter 15c) in a polypropylene bag.
m, height 20 cm) was used as the medium.
(b)殺菌:前記培地をオートクレーブ(ゲージ圧力1k
g/cm2,60分)で殺菌。(B) Sterilization: The medium was autoclaved (gauge pressure 1k
Sterilized with g / cm 2 , 60 minutes).
(c)種菌:シイタケ菌S54(河村食用菌研究所製) (d)培養方法 従来例 無菌室にて培地に種菌を接種後、開口部に無菌フィルタ
ーを溶着し、室温22〜23℃、湿度60〜65%に保持して約
80日間培養する。その後室温15℃、湿度90%にして子実
体の発生操作を行なう。(C) Inoculum: Shiitake bacterium S54 (Kawamura Food Research Institute) (d) Culturing method Conventional example After inoculating the medium with an inoculum in a sterile room, a sterile filter is welded to the opening at room temperature 22 to 23 ° C and humidity. Hold at 60-65% about
Incubate for 80 days. After that, the room temperature is set to 15 ° C and the humidity is set to 90%, and the fruit body is generated.
本発明方法 無菌室にて培地に種菌を接種後、開口部に無菌フィルタ
ーを装着し、室温22〜23℃、湿度60〜65%に保持して7
日間培養する。その後培地をほぐして32×58×4cm(縦
×横×高さ)の容器に1.5cmの高さで盛り込み、室温22
〜23℃、湿度60〜65%で約80日間培養する。その後室温
15℃、湿度90%にして子実体の発生操作を行なう。Method of the present invention After inoculating the culture medium with the inoculum in a sterile room, a sterile filter is attached to the opening, and the temperature is kept at 22 to 23 ° C and the humidity is 60 to 65%.
Incubate for a day. Then loosen the medium and put it in a container of 32 x 58 x 4 cm (length x width x height) at a height of 1.5 cm,
Incubate for about 80 days at -23 ℃ and humidity of 60-65%. Then room temperature
Perform fruit body generation operation at 15 ° C and humidity of 90%.
B.実験結果 実験の結果を第1表に示す。第1表より本願発明方法に
よれば従来例より同程度の収量を得るために要する日数
は約半分ですむ。B. Experimental results Table 1 shows the experimental results. From Table 1, according to the method of the present invention, about half the number of days is required to obtain the same yield as the conventional example.
(5)発明の効果 本願発明は以上の如く構成されているため、大規模なキ
ノコの栽培が可能となり、しかも生産性を向上させるこ
とができる。 (5) Effects of the Invention Since the invention of the present application is configured as described above, it is possible to grow mushrooms on a large scale and further improve productivity.
実施例 ブナオガ粉とコメヌカを10:1に混合したものを培地と
し、第2図に示す殺菌装置でゲージ圧力2kg/cm2の飽和
水蒸気で3分間加熱殺菌後、冷却加水し水分を60%に調
整した。そこにシイタケ菌S54(河村食用菌研究所製)
を接種し、ポリプロピレン製の袋に(3.5L)充填後、開
放部に無菌フィルターを装着した。該培地を室温22〜23
℃、湿度60〜65%にて7日間培養後、それをほぐし88×
55×10cmのポリプロピレン製のコンテナに高さ2cmで盛
り込み、室温22〜23℃,湿度65〜70%に保持して80日間
培養した。その後室温15℃、湿度90%に変更して子実体
の発生操作を行ない、該操作後3日目に単位培地当たり
200g/kgのシイタケを収穫し、以後10日目に150g/kg、30
日目に50g/kgをそれぞれ収穫した。Example A 10: 1 mixture of beech tree powder and rice bran powder was used as a medium, and sterilized by heating with saturated steam having a gauge pressure of 2 kg / cm 2 for 3 minutes with a sterilizer shown in FIG. It was adjusted. Shiitake fungus S54 (made by Kawamura Edible Bacteria Research Institute)
Was inoculated and filled in a polypropylene bag (3.5 L), and then a sterile filter was attached to the open part. The medium at room temperature 22-23
After culturing for 7 days at 60 ℃ and humidity of 60-65%, loosen it 88 ×
It was placed in a 55 × 10 cm polypropylene container at a height of 2 cm, kept at room temperature of 22 to 23 ° C. and humidity of 65 to 70%, and cultured for 80 days. After that, the room temperature was changed to 15 ° C and the humidity was changed to 90%, and the fruit body generation operation was carried out.
Harvest 200 g / kg of shiitake mushrooms and then 150 g / kg, 30 days after 10 days.
50 g / kg was harvested each day.
第1図は培養容器の正面図、第2図は培地の殺菌装置の
フローシート図、第3図は無菌フィルター付きの培養容
器、第4図は通風式培養装置のフローシート図、第5図
はベッド栽培装置の正面図、第6図は開放型の培養装置
の正面図をそれぞれ示す。 なお図面において、1は培養容器、2は培地、3は固体
培地の殺菌装置、15はベッド栽培装置、16は大型培養容
器、17は盛込機、25は搬送装置、28は解砕機、30は培養
装置をそれぞれ示す。FIG. 1 is a front view of a culture vessel, FIG. 2 is a flow sheet diagram of a culture medium sterilizer, FIG. 3 is a culture vessel with an aseptic filter, FIG. 4 is a flow sheet diagram of a ventilation culture apparatus, and FIG. Shows a front view of the bed cultivation apparatus, and FIG. 6 shows a front view of the open-type cultivation apparatus. In the drawings, 1 is a culture container, 2 is a medium, 3 is a solid medium sterilizer, 15 is a bed cultivation device, 16 is a large culture container, 17 is a feeder, 25 is a transfer device, 28 is a crusher, 30 Indicates a culture device, respectively.
Claims (1)
培地とし加熱殺菌後担子菌類を接種してそれを菌床培養
する方法において、培地を先ず無菌培養しそこに菌糸を
蔓延させ、次いで該培地をほぐし平面状に盛り込み後非
無菌培養することを特徴とする担子菌類の培養方法。1. A method of culturing a basidiomycete after heat sterilization using a mixture of a pulverized wood raw material and a nutrient source as a medium and cultivating the same in a fungal bed, the medium is first aseptically cultivated, and mycelia are spread therein, A method for culturing basidiomycetes, which comprises culturing the medium in a flat shape and then performing non-sterile culture.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63314965A JPH0677487B2 (en) | 1988-12-15 | 1988-12-15 | Method for culturing carrier fungi |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63314965A JPH0677487B2 (en) | 1988-12-15 | 1988-12-15 | Method for culturing carrier fungi |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH02163005A JPH02163005A (en) | 1990-06-22 |
JPH0677487B2 true JPH0677487B2 (en) | 1994-10-05 |
Family
ID=18059800
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP63314965A Expired - Lifetime JPH0677487B2 (en) | 1988-12-15 | 1988-12-15 | Method for culturing carrier fungi |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH0677487B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0576242A (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1993-03-30 | Erumano Sumiwa Kk | Method for culturing basidiomycete and spawn and mushroom bed useful in the same method |
JP4721032B2 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2011-07-13 | 王子製紙株式会社 | Indoor cultivation method of Hatake shimeji |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS503841A (en) * | 1973-05-07 | 1975-01-16 | ||
JPS568622A (en) * | 1979-06-30 | 1981-01-29 | Hotsuken Sangyo Kk | Artificial cutivation of mushroom |
-
1988
- 1988-12-15 JP JP63314965A patent/JPH0677487B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH02163005A (en) | 1990-06-22 |
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