JPH0677487B2 - Method for culturing carrier fungi - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (1) Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a method of culturing basidiomycetes in two stages.

(2) Conventional technology In general, for cultivation of mushrooms, raw wood cultivation in which raw wood such as kunugi and oak is cut to about 1 m and cultivated, and a nutrient medium such as rice bran and rice bran is added to a nutrient medium such as rice bran and rice bran to form a medium. There is a cultivated bed culture, but recently, a cultivated bed is often used due to soaring raw trees during the culturing period.

An application relating to cultivation of fungal beds is "cultivation method for edible mushrooms" (JP-A-62-126911). This method is configured to change the culture environment and the like at each stage of culturing mycelia and growing fruiting bodies, and culture under conditions suitable for each of them.

(3) Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the above-mentioned “cultivation method for edible mushrooms”, the culturing step of the hyphae and the step of producing fruit bodies are cultivated separately, but basically, in any step Is merely a transfer of the medium between small containers such as bottles, and is a production system that relies on manpower, and is not suitable for large-scale production.

Therefore, the inventor of the present application, as a result of earnest research, in the fungal bed cultivation,
Especially, it is easy to be contaminated by various bacteria up to the stage of hyphae infestation, which is the initial step of basidiomycete cultivation, but pay attention to the fact that after the infestation of hyphae, it is hardly affected by other bacteria. Performing aseptic culture, which is a post-process, mycelium culture and bed culture in which the medium is flatly placed at the stage of fruit body development, so-called bed cultivation, enables large-scale cultivation of basidiomycetes, and also rotation of production. The inventors have found that the rate can be increased and completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention is a method of inoculating a basidiomycete after heat sterilization using a mixture of a pulverized wood raw material and a nutrient source as a medium, and incubating it in a fungal bed, in which the medium is first aseptically cultivated and the mycelium is spread there, and then A method for culturing basidiomycetes is characterized in that the medium is loosened and flatly placed and then non-sterile culture is performed.

(4) Specific Means for Solving Problems In the present invention, the first stage of the aseptic culture is container culture in a sterile room, bag culture, box culture, or container culture equipped with a sterile filter or bag culture. Further, as a closed system, there is a ventilation culture by the present applicant (“Cultivation method of basidiomycetes” JP-A-61-231920). As the bed cultivation which is the second step, there is a bed cultivation method in which the medium in which the hyphae has spread is loosened in the first step aseptic culture and spread to some extent in a plane, and the fruiting bodies are generated in an open system, that is, non-sterile culture. To be

And the basidiomycetes targeted in the present invention, nameko, oyster mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, and the like, the medium, cedar, beech, oak, kunugi, lauan, zelkova, and woody materials such as maple. It is possible to use a crushed product to which nutrient sources such as rice bran, cornbrush, pearl mulberry, and barley rice are added.

Next, regarding the method for producing the medium, a culture container 1 such as a bottle as shown in FIG. 1 is filled with the pulverized product of the woody raw material and the mixture 2 of nutrient sources, and heat sterilized by a sterilizer such as an autoclave as it is. The first step is to cool the mixture and then aseptically inoculate it with basidiomycete to obtain a medium.

In addition, a "solid medium sterilizer" (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-208268) as shown in FIG. 2 by the present applicant can be preferably used.

The device 3 is mainly composed of a heating device 4, a cooling device 5, and a basidiomycete inoculation device 6, and supplies pulverized wood raw material to the heating device 4 via the charging device 7 and heats it with saturated steam in the device 4. After sterilization, it is transferred to the cooling device 5 via the discharging device 8. After cooling with the cooling device 5, the basidiomycete inoculating device 6 inoculates the wood raw material with basidiomycetes, and the culture vessels 1 shown in FIG.

The mycelium is cultivated aseptically in the medium produced as described above, and the culture period of this mycelium is a period during which mushrooms are easily contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria. Room temperature 18-25 ℃ in a sterile room,
The culture is maintained at a humidity of 60 to 70% for about 1 to 2 weeks. Specifically, it takes about 10 days with shiitake mushrooms, for example.

As other aseptic culture, as shown in FIG. 3, a method of culturing with a sterile filter 9 installed at the entrance of the culture container 1 which is usually performed, and further, as shown in FIG.
There is a method in which the medium 2 is put in the medium and the culture is performed while passing high humidity air through the sterilization filter 11 and the humidity controller 12.

Next, for the growth of mycelia, aseptic culture medium is unraveled as described above, and it is spread in, for example, a flat culture container to generate fruiting bodies by a so-called bed cultivation method. Although it is a medium expanded in a plane, the thickness may be about 10 to 100 mm, and the plane expansion may be determined from the viewpoint of handling such as movement, and there is no particular limitation. By this bed cultivation method, the surface area per unit volume of the medium is increased, so that the turnover rate of harvest, that is, the productivity can be increased.

The bed cultivation device 15 shown in FIG. 5 can be suitably used as a means for flatly putting the medium in this bed cultivation.

First, in the figure, 16 is a large flat plate-shaped culture vessel made of resin or the like, and a medium is placed in the vessel 16.

17 is a medium filling machine, mainly a hopper for storing the medium 18,
A frame 19 that supports it, a roller 20 that movably supports the frame 19, and a motor 21 that rotationally drives the roller 20, are arranged so as to straddle the container 16, and culture the medium in a large size. It acts to fill the container 16. In the filling machine, the lower part of the hopper 18 is open, and a medium discharge port 22 is formed. The medium is quantitatively discharged from the discharge port 22.

Further, the flat plate 23 that is vertically installed on the discharge port 22 of the hopper 18,
The flat plate 23 acts to flatly fill the medium in the large-scale culture vessel 16 with the medium-leveling machine.

A pair of rails 24 are laid in parallel with the large-sized culture vessel 16, and the laying machine 17 moves on the rails 24.

Reference numeral 25 denotes a medium transporting device, which is composed of a conveyor 26, a hopper 27 provided on the receiving side of the transferred material on the conveyor 26, and a crusher 28 provided at the discharge port of the hopper 27. It serves to supply the culture medium to the hopper 18 of 17.

Further, 29 is a mount for the large-scale culture vessel 16 and is provided so that the large-scale culture vessel 16 can be easily transported to another place by, for example, a forklift.

Next, FIG. 6 shows a culture device 30, which is a device for growing a mycelium by mounting large-scale culture vessels 16 in which a culture medium has been loaded by a loading device 17 in multiple stages. The culture device 30 may be an open system, that is, a non-sterile culture, since the culture medium in which the mycelium is sufficiently spread is not contaminated.

Next, to explain the operation of the present invention, the culture medium aseptically cultivated in the culture container 1 is first collected in the hopper 27, unraveled by the crusher 28, and then the hopper of the feeder 17 by the belt conveyor 26. Supplied to 18. At this time, the platter 17 is located at the left end in FIG.
Is placed. When the supply of the culture medium to the hopper 18 is completed, the medium is gradually discharged from the discharge port 22 while moving the filling machine 17 to the right, and is flatly filled in the large culture container 16. After that, the medium is carried into a culture device as shown in FIG. 6 by a carrier device to culture the medium.

In addition, according to the embodiment of FIG. 4, only the culture tank 10 needs to be transferred to the culture device 30 as needed, and there is an advantage that the transfer of the medium 2 is not required.

Next, a comparative experiment example will be shown to numerically show the effectiveness of the present application.

Experimental Example A. Experimental Conditions (a) Medium: Beechwood powder and rice bran were mixed at 10: 1 to adjust the water content to 60%, and then 2 kg (diameter 15c) in a polypropylene bag.
m, height 20 cm) was used as the medium.

(B) Sterilization: The medium was autoclaved (gauge pressure 1k
Sterilized with g / cm ² , 60 minutes).

(C) Inoculum: Shiitake bacterium S54 (Kawamura Food Research Institute) (d) Culturing method Conventional example After inoculating the medium with an inoculum in a sterile room, a sterile filter is welded to the opening at room temperature 22 to 23 ° C and humidity. Hold at 60-65% about
Incubate for 80 days. After that, the room temperature is set to 15 ° C and the humidity is set to 90%, and the fruit body is generated.

Method of the present invention After inoculating the culture medium with the inoculum in a sterile room, a sterile filter is attached to the opening, and the temperature is kept at 22 to 23 ° C and the humidity is 60 to 65%.
Incubate for a day. Then loosen the medium and put it in a container of 32 x 58 x 4 cm (length x width x height) at a height of 1.5 cm,
Incubate for about 80 days at -23 ℃ and humidity of 60-65%. Then room temperature
Perform fruit body generation operation at 15 ° C and humidity of 90%.

B. Experimental results Table 1 shows the experimental results. From Table 1, according to the method of the present invention, about half the number of days is required to obtain the same yield as the conventional example.

(5) Effects of the Invention Since the invention of the present application is configured as described above, it is possible to grow mushrooms on a large scale and further improve productivity.

Example A 10: 1 mixture of beech tree powder and rice bran powder was used as a medium, and sterilized by heating with saturated steam having a gauge pressure of 2 kg / cm ² for 3 minutes with a sterilizer shown in FIG. It was adjusted. Shiitake fungus S54 (made by Kawamura Edible Bacteria Research Institute)
Was inoculated and filled in a polypropylene bag (3.5 L), and then a sterile filter was attached to the open part. The medium at room temperature 22-23
After culturing for 7 days at 60 ℃ and humidity of 60-65%, loosen it 88 ×
It was placed in a 55 × 10 cm polypropylene container at a height of 2 cm, kept at room temperature of 22 to 23 ° C. and humidity of 65 to 70%, and cultured for 80 days. After that, the room temperature was changed to 15 ° C and the humidity was changed to 90%, and the fruit body generation operation was carried out.
Harvest 200 g / kg of shiitake mushrooms and then 150 g / kg, 30 days after 10 days.
50 g / kg was harvested each day.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a culture vessel, FIG. 2 is a flow sheet diagram of a culture medium sterilizer, FIG. 3 is a culture vessel with an aseptic filter, FIG. 4 is a flow sheet diagram of a ventilation culture apparatus, and FIG. Shows a front view of the bed cultivation apparatus, and FIG. 6 shows a front view of the open-type cultivation apparatus. In the drawings, 1 is a culture container, 2 is a medium, 3 is a solid medium sterilizer, 15 is a bed cultivation device, 16 is a large culture container, 17 is a feeder, 25 is a transfer device, 28 is a crusher, 30 Indicates a culture device, respectively.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method of culturing a basidiomycete after heat sterilization using a mixture of a pulverized wood raw material and a nutrient source as a medium and cultivating the same in a fungal bed, the medium is first aseptically cultivated, and mycelia are spread therein, A method for culturing basidiomycetes, which comprises culturing the medium in a flat shape and then performing non-sterile culture.