CN102487723B - Method for industrially producing bottle-cultivated or bag-cultivated lentinus giganteus berk without earthing - Google Patents
Method for industrially producing bottle-cultivated or bag-cultivated lentinus giganteus berk without earthing Download PDFInfo
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- CN102487723B CN102487723B CN 201110405050 CN201110405050A CN102487723B CN 102487723 B CN102487723 B CN 102487723B CN 201110405050 CN201110405050 CN 201110405050 CN 201110405050 A CN201110405050 A CN 201110405050A CN 102487723 B CN102487723 B CN 102487723B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for industrially producing bottle-cultivated or bag-cultivated lentinus giganteus berk without earthing. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing for materials; treating the raw materials, namely piling up cultivation materials for 24-48 h; choosing a workshop as a mushroom house and disinfecting the mushroom house; bottling or loading the fermented cultivation materials into cultivation bags, stuffing cotton plugs into bottle mouths or cultivation bag mouths, and sterilizing the bottles or cultivation bags by using normal pressure or high pressure steam; inoculating to cultivate, placing the inoculated glass cultivation bottles or cultivation bags on a workshop bedstock for cultivation and other managements; and harvesting end-product mushrooms, wherein the glass cultivation bottles are wide-mouth bottles with specifications of 1000 ml, and the cultivation bags are plastic cultivation bags with specifications of 17*33*0.05 cm (diameter*height*thickness). The method has the advantages of simplified process, easiness in control and low energy consumption, is beneficial to cost reduction and environmental protection, avoids the problems of pesticide residue and microbial contamination are avoided, and is beneficial to improving of entity quality and realizing of the requirement of large-scale industrial production.
Description
(1), technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fungus growing technique, particularly a kind of a kind of method (being bottle cultivation or bag mug mushroom of planting of adopting without earthing batch production new process for producing) of producing bottle cultivation or bag cultivation mug mushroom without the earthing batch production.
(2), background technology
The mug mushroom is a kind of edible and medicinal fungi, and mushroom body mouthfeel delicate fragrance is tender and crisp, nutritious, is a kind of good mycoprotein source.In mushroom room or mushroom canopy, produce at present composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being planting material) formula that cultivation mug mushroom is commonly used and be and take wood chip, cotton seed hulls, wheat skin (wheat bran), calcium salt etc. and make as main material, the cultivation method of its cultivation method and agaricus bisporus or Ji Songrong is roughly the same, generally include the following methods step: the one, bacterial classification is made and is got the raw materials ready, and is that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is piled up 24 hours by each raw material; The 2nd, select the mushroom room, and it is rear standby that the mushroom room is carried out disinfection according to a conventional method; The 3rd, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that the said ratio amount is made packs the horizontal high voltage sterilizing of going forward side by side; The 4th, and inoculation (i.e. sowing, the cultivation bag after autoclaving is finished moves on in sterile board or desinfection chamber to be inoculated; The 5th, composts or fertilisers of cultivating cultural hypha and earthing management: be about to cultivation bag and move on to culturing room and cultivated, carry out earthing management and other management after mycelia walks; The 6th, the finished product mushroom of gathering.The shortcoming that adopts above-mentioned cultivation method to exist comprises:
1, composts or fertilisers of cultivating cultural hypha and earthing management at the mug mushroom: i.e. after composts or fertilisers of cultivating inoculation, cultivated, after walking, mycelia carries out the earthing management phase, the earthing used is generally to adopt the field subsoil with raw material, peat soil or artificial soil are (as used river silt, pond sludge also adds the cow dung powder and pulverized limestone carries out stack retting and makes), therefore easily producing miscellaneous bacteria infects, for fear of producing miscellaneous bacteria, infect, this link that cover soil material is being carried out disinfection, the sterilization method used and means are science not enough at present, be in particular in: usually all use formalin as pasteurization material, due in recent years, the strict restriction of people to the food residue of pesticide, the residual problem of the agriculture of formalin (being residue of pesticide) receives much concern, the another formalin that uses also still often exists after earthing miscellaneous bacterias such as being prone in mould and English walnut the shape bacterium to infect as pasteurization material, thereby can cause the drawback of the underproduction or total crop failure,
2, not only earthing easily produces the miscellaneous bacteria infection with raw material, also due to the seriousness of at present environmental pollution, these earthing used are with (being generally to adopt the field subsoil as mentioned above in raw material, peat soil or artificial soil, as use river silt, pond sludge also adds the cow dung powder and pulverized limestone carries out stack retting and makes) except pesticide residue content greatly, the heavy metal itself contained is as cadmium, mercury, the content of plumbous and arsenic is severe overweight usually also, and these harmful heavy metals are easy to be absorbed by the mug mushroom fruiting body in the course of cultivation, the content of heavy metal in wanting further to reduce the mug mushroom fruiting body in long-term actual production process, to reach the stable purpose of improving mug mushroom quality, being one also needs this area scientific research technical staff to spend a lot of time energy to remove the scientific research mission of researching and solving.
3, in addition, adopt Casing ways to manage and itself also have some other obvious defect: earthing exists workload large with raw-material collection making and disinfecting etc., cost is high, removing contamination, it is large to disinfect difficulty, and complex process is not easy to operate, the drawback such as use Casing ways also easily to cause secondary pollution to context and Workplace is dirty in disorder, the another Casing ways that adopts is produced cultivation mug mushroom in mushroom room or mushroom canopy, because the reason of mushroom room or mushroom booth structure, its heating and heat preservation poor performance, the temperature of inner edible bacterium suitable growth is not easy to control (especially two seasons of summer in winter), energy resource consumption is large, be difficult to produce in a large number throughout the year, below all more or less badly influence the productivity effect of mug mushroom Edible Fungi enterprise and mushroom agriculture.
(3), summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of a kind of method (being bottle cultivation or bag mug mushroom of planting of adopting without earthing batch production new process for producing) of producing bottle cultivation or bag cultivation mug mushroom without the earthing batch production, make and not only there is work simplification, control easy, favourable Cost reduction, environmental, avoid the residual problem of agriculture and miscellaneous bacteria infection problems, the requirement that also favourable raising mug mushroom fruiting body quality and the anniversary of realizing batch production in enormous quantities are produced.
The present invention realizes with following technical scheme, this method of producing bottle cultivation or bag cultivation mug mushroom without the earthing batch production of the present invention, be a kind of mug mushroom of bottle cultivation or bag cultivation that adopts without the earthing industrial production method, it is characterized in that the method comprises following processing step: the one, get the raw materials ready, comprise raw material preparation and bacterial classification making etc.; The 2nd, raw material is processed, and is about to composts or fertilisers of cultivating and piles up processing (piling up 24--48 hour); The 3rd, select workshop to carry out disinfection rear standby as the conventional method in An Gu room, ，Bing Dui workshop, mushroom room; The 4th, by pile up that composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being planting material) after 24 hours is bottled or the cultivation bag of packing in, fill in again cotton plug from the sack of bottle mouth position or cultivation bag afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in glass culture bottle or cultivation bag adopted to normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization; The 5th, inoculation (i.e. sowing) is cultivated, and is about to connect the glass culture bottle of cultivated species or cultivation bag and is positioned over as being cultivated (treating that mycelia walks) according to the Routine Management method after on the workshop bedstead in mushroom room and other management can have been sent out the bacterium fruiting; The 6th, the finished product mushroom of gathering: at former base, form before (fruit-body formation) and spore do not launch the finished product mushroom of gathering, the wide-mouth bottle that wherein said glass culture bottle is 1000 milliliters of left and right specifications (wide-mouth vial), described cultivation bag is to can be used for the plastics cultivation bag that factory culture is used, it selects specification, that is: the high * of diameter * (plastic film) thickness is 17*33*0.05cm.
In the specific implementation, its above-mentioned technical characterictic can further be specially in the present invention:
One, in order to make miscellaneous bacteria be difficult for contaminating the planting material as composts or fertilisers of cultivating, the wide-mouth vial of 1000 milliliters of specifications of described employing is during as culture bottle, from bottle mouth position 5cm left and right in the top of composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being planting material), the fermentation material of using for the production of the mug mushroom strain that the 1-2cm that packs into is thick (being mug mushroom strain medium), fill in again cotton plug from bottle mouth position afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the glass culture bottle is adopted to normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization.Because the nutrient of the fermentation material of using for the production of the mug mushroom strain (for bacterium culture medium) itself is more than the planting material, after the access bacterial classification, mycelia can be covered with the top of whole bottle very soon, mycelia material feeding simultaneously (referring to that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is planting material) growth, easily form the growth that the long advantage of symbiosis suppresses miscellaneous bacteria, make miscellaneous bacteria be difficult for contaminating composts or fertilisers of cultivating, pollution rate can be down to below 3%.
Two, owing to using the plastics cultivation bag also to have as cultivating in bag the problem that pollution rate is higher, in order to make miscellaneous bacteria be difficult for contaminating the planting material as composts or fertilisers of cultivating, adopt described cultivation bag when (can be used for the plastics cultivation bag that factory culture is used), from the 5cm of sack place left and right in the top of composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being planting material), the fermentation material of using for the production of the mug mushroom strain that the 1-2cm that packs into is thick (being mug mushroom strain medium), fill in again cotton plug from sack afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in cultivation bag is adopted to normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization.Because the nutrient of the fermentation material of using for the production of the mug mushroom strain (for bacterium culture medium) itself is more than the planting material, after the access bacterial classification, mycelia can be covered with the top of whole cultivation bag very soon, mycelia material feeding simultaneously (referring to that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is planting material) growth, the same growth that easily forms the long advantage inhibition of symbiosis miscellaneous bacteria, make miscellaneous bacteria be difficult for contaminating composts or fertilisers of cultivating, pollution rate also can be down to below 3%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention adopts a kind of method (being bottle cultivation or bag mug mushroom of planting of adopting without the earthing industrial production method) of producing bottle cultivation or bag cultivation mug mushroom without the earthing batch production, in the factory culture process, utilize the factory floor cultivation to make heating and heat preservation functional, the easy control of temperature of its inner edible bacterium suitable growth (even two seasons of summer in winter, also specific volume was easy to control), energy resource consumption is few, can produce in a large number throughout the year, can finely overcome in the cultivation management process after normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization and produce the living contaminants phenomenon, in a word, not only there is work simplification, control easily, favourable Cost reduction, environmental, avoid the residual problem of agriculture and miscellaneous bacteria infection problems, the requirement that also favourable raising mug mushroom fruiting body quality and the anniversary of realizing batch production in enormous quantities are produced.
(4), embodiment
It is below a kind of specific embodiment that utilizes technical solution of the present invention, a kind of method (being bottle cultivation or bag mug mushroom of planting of adopting without earthing batch production new process for producing) of bottle cultivation or bag cultivation mug mushroom is produced in this employing of the present invention without the earthing batch production, it is characterized in that the method comprises following processing step: the one, get the raw materials ready, comprise raw material preparation and bacterial classification making etc.; The 2nd, raw material is processed, and is about to composts or fertilisers of cultivating and piles up 24--48 hour; The 3rd, select workshop to carry out disinfection rear standby as the conventional method in An Gu room, ，Bing Dui workshop, mushroom room; The 4th, by pile up that composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being planting material) after (24 hours) is bottled or the cultivation bag of packing in, fill in again cotton plug from the sack of bottle mouth position or cultivation bag afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in glass culture bottle or cultivation bag is adopted to normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization; The 5th, inoculation (i.e. sowing) is cultivated, and is about to connect the glass culture bottle of cultivated species or cultivation bag and is positioned over as being cultivated (treating that mycelia walks) according to the Routine Management method after on the workshop bedstead in mushroom room and other management can have been sent out the bacterium fruiting; The 6th, the finished product mushroom of gathering: at former base, form before (fruit-body formation) and spore do not launch the finished product mushroom of gathering, the wide-mouth bottle that wherein said glass culture bottle is 1000 milliliters of left and right specifications (wide-mouth vial), described cultivation bag is to can be used for the plastics cultivation bag that factory culture is used, it selects specification, that is: the high * of diameter * (plastic film) thickness is 17*33*0.05cm.
In the specific implementation, its above-mentioned technical characterictic can further be specially in the present invention:
One, in order to make miscellaneous bacteria be difficult for contaminating the planting material as composts or fertilisers of cultivating, the wide-mouth bottle of 1000 milliliters of specifications of described employing is during as culture bottle, from bottle mouth position 5cm left and right in the top of composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being planting material), the fermentation material of using for the production of the mug mushroom strain that the 1-2cm that packs into is thick (being mug mushroom strain medium), fill in again cotton plug from bottle mouth position afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the glass culture bottle is adopted to normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization.Because the nutrient of the fermentation material of using for the production of the mug mushroom strain (for bacterium culture medium) itself is more than the planting material, after the access bacterial classification, mycelia can be covered with the top of whole bottle very soon, mycelia material feeding simultaneously (referring to that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is planting material) growth, easily form the growth that the long advantage of symbiosis suppresses miscellaneous bacteria, make miscellaneous bacteria be difficult for contaminating composts or fertilisers of cultivating, so this method can largely reduce pollution rate, pollution rate can be down to below 3%.
Two, owing to using the plastics cultivation bag also to have as cultivating in bag the problem that pollution rate is higher, in order to make miscellaneous bacteria be difficult for contaminating the planting material as composts or fertilisers of cultivating, adopt described cultivation bag when (can be used for the plastics cultivation bag that factory culture is used), from the 5cm of sack place left and right in the top of composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being planting material), the fermentation material of using for the production of the mug mushroom strain that the 1-2cm that packs into is thick (being mug mushroom strain medium), fill in again cotton plug from sack afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in cultivation bag is adopted to normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization.Because the nutrient of the fermentation material of using for the production of the mug mushroom strain (for bacterium culture medium) itself is more than the planting material, after the access bacterial classification, mycelia can be covered with the top of whole cultivation bag very soon, mycelia material feeding simultaneously (referring to that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is planting material) growth, the same growth that easily forms the long advantage inhibition of symbiosis miscellaneous bacteria, make miscellaneous bacteria be difficult for contaminating composts or fertilisers of cultivating, so this method also can largely reduce pollution rate, pollution rate also can be down to below 3%.
Claims (1)
1. a method of planting the mug mushroom without earthing batch production production bottle cultivation or bag, be a kind of bottle cultivation or bag mug mushroom of planting of adopting without the earthing industrial production method, and the method comprises following processing step: the one, get the raw materials ready, and comprise that raw material is prepared and the bacterial classification making, the 2nd, raw material is processed, and is about to composts or fertilisers of cultivating and piles up 24--48 hour, the 3rd, select workshop to carry out disinfection rear standby as the conventional method in An Gu room, ，Bing Dui workshop, mushroom room, the 4th, by the composts or fertilisers of cultivating bottling after piling up or the cultivation bag of packing into, fill in again cotton plug from the sack of bottle mouth position or cultivation bag afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in glass culture bottle or cultivation bag is adopted to normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization, the 5th, inoculated and cultured, the glass culture bottle or the cultivation bag that are about to connect cultivated species are positioned on the workshop bedstead as the mushroom room, after according to the Routine Management method, cultivate and other management can be sent out the bacterium fruiting, the 6th, the finished product mushroom of gathering: the finished product mushroom of gathering before former base and fruit-body formation and spore do not launch, it is characterized in that: when carrying out described step 4, the wide-mouth bottle that wherein said glass culture bottle is 1000 milliliters of specifications, described cultivation bag is to can be used for the plastics cultivation bag that factory culture is used, it selects specification, that is: the high * thickness of diameter * is 17*33*0.05cm, after in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating bottling after piling up or the cultivation bag of packing into, in order to make miscellaneous bacteria be difficult for contaminating the planting material as composts or fertilisers of cultivating, also above composts or fertilisers of cultivating from bottle mouth position 5cm, or above composts or fertilisers of cultivating from the 5cm of sack place, the fermentation material of using for the production of the mug mushroom strain that the 1-2cm that packs into is thick is mug mushroom strain medium, fill in again cotton plug from bottle mouth position or from sack afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in glass culture bottle or cultivation bag is adopted to normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization.
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| CN 201110405050 CN102487723B (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2011-12-05 | Method for industrially producing bottle-cultivated or bag-cultivated lentinus giganteus berk without earthing |
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| CN106069199B (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-04-06 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method of reed mushroom Agaricus sp. not soil covering cultures |
| CN107864797A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-03 | 莆田市农业科学研究所 | A kind of Clitocybe maxima exempts from soil covering culture method |
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| JPH10290627A (en) * | 1997-04-17 | 1998-11-04 | Mitsuo Noguchi | Mushroom cultivation vessel, cultivation apparatus and mushroom cultivation method |
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| CN1982435A (en) * | 2005-12-12 | 2007-06-20 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Production of poria cocos in soilless plant |
| CN101147450A (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2008-03-26 | 李程才 | Edible mushroom original ecology cultivating method |
| CN101803535A (en) * | 2010-05-08 | 2010-08-18 | 镇江市食用菌研究所 | Method for cultivating edible fungi by rape pod shells |
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