CN102487723A - Method for industrially producing bottle-cultivated or bag-cultivated lentinus giganteus berk without earthing - Google Patents
Method for industrially producing bottle-cultivated or bag-cultivated lentinus giganteus berk without earthing Download PDFInfo
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- CN102487723A CN102487723A CN2011104050504A CN201110405050A CN102487723A CN 102487723 A CN102487723 A CN 102487723A CN 2011104050504 A CN2011104050504 A CN 2011104050504A CN 201110405050 A CN201110405050 A CN 201110405050A CN 102487723 A CN102487723 A CN 102487723A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for industrially producing bottle-cultivated or bag-cultivated lentinus giganteus berk without earthing. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing for materials; treating the raw materials, namely piling up cultivation materials for 24-48 h; choosing a workshop as a mushroom house and disinfecting the mushroom house; bottling or loading the fermented cultivation materials into cultivation bags, stuffing cotton plugs into bottle mouths or cultivation bag mouths, and sterilizing the bottles or cultivation bags by using normal pressure or high pressure steam; inoculating to cultivate, placing the inoculated glass cultivation bottles or cultivation bags on a workshop bedstock for cultivation and other managements; and harvesting end-product mushrooms, wherein the glass cultivation bottles are wide-mouth bottles with specifications of 1000 ml, and the cultivation bags are plastic cultivation bags with specifications of 17*33*0.05 cm (diameter*height*thickness). The method has the advantages of simplified process, easiness in control and low energy consumption, is beneficial to cost reduction and environmental protection, avoids the problems of pesticide residue and microbial contamination are avoided, and is beneficial to improving of entity quality and realizing of the requirement of large-scale industrial production.
Description
(1), technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fungus growing technique, particularly a kind of do not have that the earthing batch production produces that bottle is planted or bag is planted the method (be a kind of adopt the mug mushroom that bottle is planted or bag is planted not have earthing batch production new process for producing) of mug mushroom.
(2), background technology
The mug mushroom is a kind of edible and medicinal fungi, and mushroom body mouthfeel delicate fragrance is tender and crisp, nutritious, is a kind of good mycoprotein source.In mushroom room or mushroom canopy, producing at present cultivation mug mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being cultivate material) prescription commonly used and be with wood chip, cotton seed hulls, wheat skin (wheat bran), calcium salt etc. is that main material is processed; The cultivation method of its cultivation method and agaricus bisporus or Agaricus blazei Murrill is roughly the same; Generally include following method step: the one, bacterial classification is made and is got the raw materials ready, and is that composts or fertilisers of cultivating was piled up 24 hours with each raw material; The 2nd, select the mushroom room, and carry out disinfection back subsequent use by conventional method the mushroom room; The 3rd, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that the said ratio amount is processed packs the horizontal high voltage sterilization of going forward side by side; The 4th, (promptly sow, the cultivation bag after autoclaving is finished moves on in sterile board or the desinfection chamber to be inoculated in inoculation; The 5th, composts or fertilisers of cultivating cultural hypha and earthing management: be about to cultivation bag and move on to culturing room and cultivate, treat to carry out after mycelia walks earthing management and other management; The 6th, the finished product mushroom of gathering.The shortcoming that adopts above-mentioned cultivation method to exist comprises:
1, manages at the composts or fertilisers of cultivating cultural hypha and the earthing of mug mushroom: i.e. cultivate after the composts or fertilisers of cultivating inoculation; Treat to carry out the earthing management phase after mycelia walks; Employed earthing with raw material generally be adopt field subsoil, peat soil or artificial soil (as with river silt, pond sludge and add the cow dung powder and pulverized limestone carries out stack retting and processes), so be easy to generate microbial contamination, for fear of the generation microbial contamination; This link that cover soil material is being carried out disinfection; Employed sterilization method and means are science not enough at present, is in particular in: all use formalin as pasteurization material usually, because in recent years; People are to the strictness restriction of food residue of pesticide; The agricultural residual problem of formalin (being residue of pesticide) receives much concern, and other is prone to microbial contamination such as shape bacterium in mould and the English walnut after using formalin also still often to have earthing as pasteurization material, thereby can cause the drawback of the underproduction or total crop failure;
2, not only earthing is easy to generate microbial contamination with raw material; Also because the seriousness of environmental pollution at present; These used earthing are with (generally being to adopt field subsoil, peat soil or artificial soil in the raw material as stated; As with river silt, pond sludge and add the cow dung powder and pulverized limestone carries out stack retting and processes) except pesticide residue content greatly; The content of heavy metal that itself contains such as cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic is severe overweight usually also, and these harmful heavy metals are easy to absorbed by the mug mushroom fruiting body in the course of cultivation, wants in long-term actual production process, further to reduce the content of heavy metal in the mug mushroom fruiting body; To reach the stable purpose of improving mug mushroom quality, being one also needs this area scientific research technical staff to spend plenty of time energy to remove the scientific research mission of researching and solving.
3, in addition; Adopt the earthing mode to manage itself and also have some other obvious defects: earthing exists with raw-material collection making and disinfecting etc. that workload is big, cost is high, removes contamination that it is big to disinfect difficulty, and complex process is not easy to operate; Use the earthing mode that context is also caused drawbacks such as secondary pollution and production place dirt be in disorder easily; Other adopts the earthing mode in mushroom room or mushroom canopy, to produce cultivation mug mushroom, since the reason of mushroom room or mushroom booth structure, its heating and heat preservation poor performance; The temperature of inner edible bacterium suitable growth is not easy control (especially two seasons of summer in winter); Energy resource consumption is big, be difficult to produce in a large number throughout the year, more than all more or less badly influence the productivity effect of mug mushroom Edible Fungi enterprise and mushroom farming.
(3), summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide does not a kind ofly have that the earthing batch production produces that bottle is planted or bag is planted the method (be a kind of adopt the mug mushroom that bottle is planted or bag is planted not have earthing batch production new process for producing) of mug mushroom; Make and not only to have work simplification, control easy, favourable minimizing cost; Environmental, avoid agricultural residual problem and microbial contamination problem, the requirement that the batch production in enormous quantities of also favourable raising mug mushroom fruiting body quality and realization anniversary is produced.
The present invention realizes with following technical scheme; This no earthing batch production of the present invention produces that bottle is planted or bag is planted the method for mug mushroom; Be and a kind ofly adopt bottle to plant or a bag mug mushroom of planting does not have the earthing industrial production method; It is characterized in that this method comprises following processing step: the one, get the raw materials ready, comprise raw material preparation and bacterial classification making etc.; The 2nd, raw material is handled, and is about to composts or fertilisers of cultivating and piles up processing (piling up 24--48 hour); The 3rd, select the workshop as the mushroom room, and subsequent use to the workshop by the conventional method in the mushroom room back that carries out disinfection; The 4th, with pile up that composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being cultivate material) after 24 hours is bottled or the cultivation bag of packing in, fill in cotton plug again from the sack of bottle mouth position or cultivation bag afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in glass culture bottle or the cultivation bag adopted normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization; The 5th, inoculation (i.e. sowing) is cultivated, and glass culture bottle or the cultivation bag that is about to connect cultivated species is positioned over as cultivating (treating that mycelia walks) according to the Routine Management method and other management can have been sent out the bacterium fruiting in back on the workshop bedstead in mushroom room; The 6th, the finished product mushroom of gathering: promptly form the finished product mushroom of gathering before (fruit body formation) and spore do not launch at original hase; The wide-mouth bottle that wherein said glass culture bottle is 1000 milliliters of left and right sides specifications (wide-mouth vial); Described cultivation bag is to can be used for the plastics cultivation bag that factory culture is used; It selects specification for use, that is: the high * of diameter * (plastic film) thickness is 17*33*0.05cm.
The present invention in the specific implementation, its above-mentioned technical characterictic can further be specially:
One, in order to make assorted bacterium be difficult for contaminating cultivate material as composts or fertilisers of cultivating; The wide-mouth vial of 1000 milliliters of specifications of described employing is during as culture bottle; Be to leave about bottle mouth position 5cm in the top of composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being cultivate material); The 1-2cm that packs into is thick is used to produce the fermentation material (being mug mushroom strain medium) that the mug mushroom strain is used, and fills in cotton plug again from bottle mouth position afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the glass culture bottle is adopted normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization.Because be used to produce foster part of fermentation material (for bacterium culture medium) itself that the mug mushroom strain uses many than cultivate material; After inserting bacterial classification; Mycelia can be covered with the top of whole bottle very soon, and mycelia material feeding simultaneously (referring to that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is a cultivate material) growth is prone to form the growth that the long advantage of symbiosis suppresses assorted bacterium; Make assorted bacterium be difficult for contaminating composts or fertilisers of cultivating, pollution rate can be reduced to below 3%.
Two, owing to use the plastics cultivation bag also to have the pollution rate problem of higher as cultivating in bag; In order to make assorted bacterium be difficult for contaminating cultivate material as composts or fertilisers of cultivating; Adopt described cultivation bag when (can be used for the plastics cultivation bag that factory culture is used); Be to leave about the 5cm of sack place in the top of composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being cultivate material); The 1-2cm that packs into is thick is used to produce the fermentation material (being mug mushroom strain medium) that the mug mushroom strain is used, and fills in cotton plug again from sack afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the cultivation bag is adopted normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization.Because be used to produce foster part of fermentation material (for bacterium culture medium) itself that the mug mushroom strain uses many than cultivate material; After inserting bacterial classification; Mycelia can be covered with the top of whole cultivation bag very soon, mycelia material feeding simultaneously (referring to that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is a cultivate material) growth, the same easy growth that the long advantage of symbiosis suppresses assorted bacterium that forms; Make assorted bacterium be difficult for contaminating composts or fertilisers of cultivating, pollution rate also can be reduced to below 3%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention adopts no earthing batch production to produce that bottle is planted or bag is planted the method (be a kind of adopt the mug mushroom that bottle is planted or bag is planted not have the earthing industrial production method) of mug mushroom; In the factory culture process; Utilize the factory floor cultivation to make heating and heat preservation functional; The easy control of temperature of its inner edible bacterium suitable growth (even two seasons of summer in winter, also specific volume was easy to control), energy resource consumption is few, can produce in a large number throughout the year; Can finely overcome and produce the living contaminants phenomenon in the cultivation management process behind normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization; In a word, not only have work simplification, control easy, favourable minimizing cost, environmental, avoid agricultural residual problem and microbial contamination problem, the requirement that the batch production in enormous quantities of also favourable raising mug mushroom fruiting body quality and realization anniversary is produced.
(4), embodiment
It below is a kind of specific embodiment that utilizes technical scheme of the present invention; This employing of the present invention does not have that the earthing batch production produces that bottle is planted or bag is planted the method (be a kind of adopt the mug mushroom that bottle is planted or bag is planted not have earthing batch production new process for producing) of mug mushroom; It is characterized in that this method comprises following processing step: the one, get the raw materials ready, comprise raw material preparation and bacterial classification making etc.; The 2nd, raw material is handled, and is about to composts or fertilisers of cultivating and piles up 24--48 hour; The 3rd, select the workshop as the mushroom room, and subsequent use to the workshop by the conventional method in the mushroom room back that carries out disinfection; The 4th, with pile up that composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being cultivate material) after (24 hours) is bottled or the cultivation bag of packing in, fill in cotton plug again from the sack of bottle mouth position or cultivation bag afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in glass culture bottle or the cultivation bag adopted normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization; The 5th, inoculation (i.e. sowing) is cultivated, and glass culture bottle or the cultivation bag that is about to connect cultivated species is positioned over as cultivating (treating that mycelia walks) according to the Routine Management method and other management can have been sent out the bacterium fruiting in back on the workshop bedstead in mushroom room; The 6th, the finished product mushroom of gathering: promptly form the finished product mushroom of gathering before (fruit body formation) and spore do not launch at original hase; The wide-mouth bottle that wherein said glass culture bottle is 1000 milliliters of left and right sides specifications (wide-mouth vial); Described cultivation bag is to can be used for the plastics cultivation bag that factory culture is used; It selects specification for use, that is: the high * of diameter * (plastic film) thickness is 17*33*0.05cm.
The present invention in the specific implementation, its above-mentioned technical characterictic can further be specially:
One, in order to make assorted bacterium be difficult for contaminating cultivate material as composts or fertilisers of cultivating; The wide-mouth bottle of 1000 milliliters of specifications of described employing is during as culture bottle; Be to leave about bottle mouth position 5cm in the top of composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being cultivate material); The 1-2cm that packs into is thick is used to produce the fermentation material (being mug mushroom strain medium) that the mug mushroom strain is used, and fills in cotton plug again from bottle mouth position afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the glass culture bottle is adopted normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization.Because be used to produce foster part of fermentation material (for bacterium culture medium) itself that the mug mushroom strain uses many than cultivate material; Mycelia can be covered with whole bottle top very soon after inserting bacterial classification; Mycelia material feeding simultaneously (referring to that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is a cultivate material) growth is prone to form the growth that the long advantage of symbiosis suppresses assorted bacterium, makes assorted bacterium be difficult for contaminating composts or fertilisers of cultivating; So this method can largely reduce pollution rate, pollution rate can be reduced to below 3%.
Two, owing to use the plastics cultivation bag also to have the pollution rate problem of higher as cultivating in bag; In order to make assorted bacterium be difficult for contaminating cultivate material as composts or fertilisers of cultivating; Adopt described cultivation bag when (can be used for the plastics cultivation bag that factory culture is used); Be to leave about the 5cm of sack place in the top of composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being cultivate material); The 1-2cm that packs into is thick is used to produce the fermentation material (being mug mushroom strain medium) that the mug mushroom strain is used, and fills in cotton plug again from sack afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the cultivation bag is adopted normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization.Because be used to produce foster part of fermentation material (for bacterium culture medium) itself that the mug mushroom strain uses many than cultivate material; Mycelia can be covered with the top of whole cultivation bag very soon behind the access bacterial classification; Mycelia material feeding simultaneously (referring to that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is a cultivate material) growth, same being prone to forms the growth that the long advantage of symbiosis suppresses assorted bacterium, makes assorted bacterium be difficult for contaminating composts or fertilisers of cultivating; So this method also can largely reduce pollution rate, pollution rate also can be reduced to below 3%.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is not had that the earthing batch production produces that bottle is planted or bag is planted the method for mug mushroom; Be and a kind ofly adopt bottle to plant or a bag mug mushroom of planting does not have earthing batch production new process for producing; It is characterized in that: this method comprises following processing step: the one, get the raw materials ready, and comprise raw material preparation and bacterial classification making etc.; The 2nd, raw material is handled, and is about to composts or fertilisers of cultivating and piles up 24--48 hour; The 3rd, select the workshop as the mushroom room, and subsequent use to the workshop by the conventional method in the mushroom room back that carries out disinfection; The 4th, with the composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being cultivate material) after piling up bottle or the cultivation bag of packing in, fill in cotton plug again from the sack of bottle mouth position or cultivation bag afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in glass culture bottle or the cultivation bag adopted normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization; The 5th, inoculated and cultured, the glass culture bottle or the cultivation bag that are about to connect cultivated species are positioned on the workshop bedstead as the mushroom room, and cultivate with other management according to the Routine Management method back can send out the bacterium fruiting; The 6th, the finished product mushroom of gathering: promptly form and the spore finished product mushroom of gathering before not launching in original hase and fruit body; Wherein said glass culture bottle is the wide-mouth bottle of 1000 milliliters of specifications; Described cultivation bag is to can be used for the plastics cultivation bag that factory culture is used; It selects specification for use, that is: the high * thickness of diameter * is 17*33*0.05cm.
2. according to claim 1 a kind ofly do not have that the earthing batch production produces that bottle is planted or bag is planted the method for mug mushroom; It is characterized in that: be difficult for contaminating cultivate material as composts or fertilisers of cultivating in order to make assorted bacterium; The wide-mouth bottle of 1000 milliliters of specifications of described employing is during as culture bottle; Be to leave about bottle mouth position 5cm in the top of composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being cultivate material); The 1-2cm that packs into is thick, and to be used to produce the fermentation material that the mug mushroom strain uses be mug mushroom strain medium, fills in cotton plug again from bottle mouth position afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the glass culture bottle is adopted normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization.
3. according to claim 1 a kind ofly do not have that the earthing batch production produces that bottle is planted or bag is planted the method for mug mushroom; It is characterized in that: be difficult for contaminating cultivate material as composts or fertilisers of cultivating in order to make assorted bacterium; When adopting described cultivation bag; Be to leave about the 5cm of sack place in the top of composts or fertilisers of cultivating (being cultivate material); The 1-2cm that packs into is thick, and to be used to produce the fermentation material that the mug mushroom strain uses be mug mushroom strain medium, fills in cotton plug again from sack afterwards, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the cultivation bag is adopted normal pressure or high pressure steam sterilization.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN106069199A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-11-09 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method of phragmites communis mushroom Agaricus sp. not soil covering culture |
| CN107864797A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-03 | 莆田市农业科学研究所 | A kind of Clitocybe maxima exempts from soil covering culture method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106069199A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-11-09 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method of phragmites communis mushroom Agaricus sp. not soil covering culture |
| CN106069199B (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-04-06 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method of reed mushroom Agaricus sp. not soil covering cultures |
| CN107864797A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-03 | 莆田市农业科学研究所 | A kind of Clitocybe maxima exempts from soil covering culture method |
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