JPH02163005A - Cultivation of basidiomycete - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable large-scale cultivation of mushroom and to improve the productivity by subjecting a culture medium to aseptic cultivation to spread mycelia in the medium, loosening the cultured medium, heaping in flat shape and subjecting to non-aseptic cultivation. CONSTITUTION:A medium subjected to aseptic cultivation in a culture vessel is collected in a hopper 27, loosened with a disintegrator 28 and supplied to a hopper 18 of a heaping machine 17 with a belt conveyor 26. When the supply of the medium to the hopper 18 is completed, the medium is slowly discharged through a discharging port 22 while moving the heaping machine 17 in right direction to heap the medium in a large-sized culture vessel 16 in flat shape. The culture vessel is introduced into a culture apparatus with a transfer apparatus to perform the cultivation of the medium. A large-scale cultivation of mushroom can be carried out and the productivity can be improved by this process.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (1) Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a method for culturing basidiomycetes in two stages.

(2) Conventional technology In general, mushroom cultivation involves log cultivation in which logs of oak, oak, etc. are cut into pieces of about 1 meter, and granular materials such as sawdust and rice hulls are used as a medium by adding nutrients such as rice bran and bran. However, recently, nursery cultivation has become more popular due to the rising cost of cultivation period and logs.

Another application related to fungal bed cultivation is ``Method for Cultivating Edible Mushrooms'' (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 62-126911).

This method is designed to change the culture environment etc. at each stage of culturing mycelia and growing fruiting bodies, and culturing is carried out under conditions suitable for each stage.

(3) Problems to be solved by the invention However, in the above-mentioned "method for culturing edible mushrooms," the mycelium cultivation process and the fruiting body generation process are separated, but basically there is no problem in either process. This method merely transfers the culture medium between small containers such as bottles, and is a production system that relies on manual labor, and is not suitable for large-scale production.

Therefore, as a result of intensive research, the inventor of the present application has found that in fungal bed cultivation,
In particular, we focused on the fact that the initial stage of basidiomycete cultivation, which is the hyphal dissemination stage, is susceptible to contamination with various bacteria, but once the hypha dissemination has occurred, it is hardly affected by contaminants. Basidiomycetes can be cultured on a large scale by performing sterile culture and using a so-called bed cultivation method in which the culture medium is placed flat in the post-processes of culturing mycelia and developing fruit bodies, and it is possible to cultivate basidiomycetes on a large scale, while also reducing production turnover. The present invention was completed based on the knowledge that the rate could be increased.

That is, the present invention is a method in which a mixture of a crushed wood material and a nutrient source is used as a medium, and after heat sterilization, basidiomycetes are inoculated and cultured in a bed. This is a method for culturing basidiomycetes, which is characterized in that the medium is loosened, plated in a flat shape, and then cultured in a non-sterile manner.

(4) Specific means for solving the problem In the present invention, the first step of aseptic culture is container culture, bag culture, box culture, or container culture equipped with a sterile filter or bag culture in a sterile room. Furthermore, examples of methods using a closed system include ventilation culture ("Culturing Method of Basidiomycetes", Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-231920) by the present applicant.

The second stage of cultivation in beds involves loosening the medium infested with mycelia from the first stage of aseptic cultivation and spreading it out into a flat shape to some extent, to generate fruiting bodies in an open system, that is, non-sterile cultivation. It will be done.

Examples of basidiomycetes targeted by the present invention include nameko mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, enokitake mushrooms, and shiitake mushrooms. It is possible to use a pulverized product to which a nutritional source such as rice bran, corn plan, corn bran, or barley bran is added.

Next, as for the method for manufacturing the culture medium, the above-mentioned crushed wood material and nutrient source mixture 2 are filled into a culture container 1 such as a bottle as shown in Fig. 1, and then heated and sterilized using a sterilizer such as an autoclave. The first step is to cool it, inoculate it with basidiomycetes aseptically, and use it as a culture medium.

``Solid medium sterilizer'' (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-208268) as shown in FIG. 2 by Ikensui et al. can be suitably used.

The device 3 mainly consists of a heating device 4, a cooling device 5, and a basidiomycete inoculation device 6, and the pulverized wood material is supplied to the heating device 4 via a feeding device 7, and heated with saturated steam in the device 4. After sterilization, it is transferred to the cooling device 5 via the discharge device 8. After cooling with the cooling device 5, the wood material is inoculated with basidiomycetes using the basidiomycete inoculating device 6, and the wood material is filled one by one into the culture containers 1 shown in FIG. 1 to form a culture medium.

The mycelia are then cultured aseptically using the medium produced as described above, but this is a particularly important step as the mycelia are easily contaminated by bacteria during the cultivation of Ginoko. Store the product in a sterile room at a room temperature of 18 to 25 degrees.
C1 humidity is maintained at 60-70% and cultured for about 1-2 weeks. Specifically, for example, it is about 10 days for shiitake mushrooms.

Aseptic culture can be carried out by attaching a sterile filter 9 to the inlet of a culture vessel 10, which is usually carried out as shown in Fig. 3, or by culturing in a culture tank 10 as shown in Fig.
0, fill with medium 2, sterilization filter 11, and humidifier 1.
There is a method of culturing while ventilation with high humidity air through 2.

Next, for the growth of mycelium, the medium cultured aseptically as described above is loosened, spread on, for example, a flat culture container, and fruiting bodies are generated using a so-called bed cultivation method. Although the culture medium is spread out in a planar manner, the thickness may be approximately 10 to 100 mm, and the planar spread may be determined from the viewpoint of handling such as movement, and is not particularly limited. Since this bed cultivation method increases the surface area per unit volume of the medium, it is possible to increase the harvest turnover rate, that is, productivity.

In this bed cultivation, a bed cultivation device 15 shown in FIG. 5 can be suitably used as a means for filling the culture medium in a two-dimensional manner.

First, in the figure, reference numeral 16 denotes a large plate-shaped culture container made of resin or the like, and a culture medium is placed in the container 16.

17 is a culture medium filling machine, and hopper 1 mainly stores the culture medium.
8. It is composed of a frame 19 that supports the frame 19, a roller 20° that supports the frame 19 in a movable manner, and a motor 21 that rotationally drives the roller 20. It acts to fill the large culture container 16. In the filling machine, the hopper 18 is open at the bottom and forms a culture medium outlet 22.
The medium is configured to be quantitatively discharged from the discharge port 22.

Also, a flat plate 2 vertically installed at the discharge port 22 of the hopper 18
Reference numeral 3 denotes a medium leveling machine, and by the action of the flat plate 23, the medium is filled in the large culture container 16 in a flat manner.

A pair of rails 24 are laid parallel to the large culture container 16, and the filling machine 17 moves on these rails 24.

25 is a medium conveyance device, a conveyor 26, the conveyor 2;
The container for the transferred material in 6 is the hopper 2 provided on the side.
7, and a crusher 28 provided at the discharge port of the hopper 27, and serves to supply culture medium to the hopper 18 of the filling machine 17.

29 is a stand for the large culture container 16;
6 is provided so that it can be easily transported to the pond location using, for example, a forklift.

Next, FIG. 6 shows a culture apparatus 30, which is an apparatus in which large culture containers 16 filled with culture medium are placed in multiple stages using a filling machine 17 to grow mycelia. The culture bag (IT30) may be an open system, that is, a non-sterile culture, since the culture medium with sufficient mycelium spread will not be contaminated.

Next, to explain in detail the present invention, the medium cultured aseptically in the culture container 1 is first collected in the hopper 27, and then the disintegrator 2
After being loosened at step 8, it is then fed to the hopper 18 of the filling machine 17 by the belt conveyor 26. At this time, the filling machine 17 is positioned at the left end in FIG. 5, and the large culture container 16 is placed on the pedestal 29. When the supply of the medium to the hopper 18t is completed, the medium is gradually discharged from the discharge port 22 while moving the loading machine 17 to the right, and is flatly loaded into the large culture container 16. Thereafter, the medium is transported to a culture apparatus as shown in FIG. 6 using a transport device, and the medium is cultured.

Further, according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, there is an advantage that only the culture tank 10 needs to be transferred to the culture apparatus 30 if necessary, and the medium 2 does not need to be transferred.

Next, comparative experimental examples will be shown to numerically demonstrate the effectiveness of the present application.

Experimental Example A, Experimental Conditions (a) Medium: Bunaoga powder and rice bran were mixed at a ratio of 10:1, the moisture content was adjusted to 60%, and 2 kg was placed in a polypropylene bag.
(Diameter: 15 cm, height: 20cm/71I) The filled medium was used as a culture medium.

(b) Sterilization: Autoclave the medium (gauge pressure 1
kg/ctl, 60 minutes).

(c) Inoculum: Shiitake fungus 554 (manufactured by the same village's Edible Bacteria Research Institute) (d) Cultivation method - Conventional example After inoculating the inoculum into a medium in a sterile room, a sterile filter is attached to the opening, and the room temperature is 22-23°C. Culture is maintained at a humidity of 60 to 65% for about 80 days. Thereafter, the room temperature is 15° C. and the humidity is 90%, and fruiting bodies are generated.

■ Method of the present invention After inoculating the inoculum into the medium using a trowel in a sterile room, a sterile filter is attached to the opening, and the room temperature is 22-23°C and the humidity is 60-65%.
and culture for 7 days. After that, loosen the medium and
1.5 in a container of x 58 x 4 cm (length x width x height)
The cells were plated at a height of c+++ and cultured for about 80 days at a room temperature of 22-23° C. and a humidity of 60-65%. Then room temperature 15°
C1 humidity is set to 90% and fruiting bodies are generated.

B. Experimental results The experimental results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, according to the method of the present invention, it takes about half the number of days required to obtain the same yield as in the conventional method.

(5) Effects of the Invention Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to cultivate mushrooms on a large scale and to improve productivity.

Example Using a 10:l mixture of beech sawdust and rice bran as a medium, the culture medium was sterilized using the sterilizer shown in Figure 2 at a gauge pressure of 2 kg/l.
After heat sterilizing with CTL saturated steam for 3 minutes, the mixture was cooled and water was added to adjust the moisture content to 60%. Shiitake fungus 554 (manufactured by the same village's Edible Bacteria Research Institute) was inoculated there and placed in a polypropylene bag (
3,51;) After filling, a sterile filter was attached to the open part. After culturing the medium for 7 days at a room temperature of 22 to 23° C. and a humidity of 60 to 65%, it was loosened and
The cells were placed in a polypropylene container with a height of 2 cm and cultured for 80 days at a room temperature of 22 to 23° C. and a humidity of 65 to 70%. Afterwards, room temperature: 15°C, humidity: 90%
3 days after the operation, 200 g/kg of shiitake mushrooms were harvested per unit medium,
After that, 150g/&g on the 100th day, 50g/k on the 300th day
g were harvested.

4. Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 is a front view of the culture container, Figure 2 is a flow sheet diagram of the culture medium sterilization device, Figure 3 is the culture container with a sterile filter, and Figure 4 is the ventilation type culture device. 70-sheet diagram, FIG. 5 is a front view of the bed cultivation device, and FIG. 6 is a front view of the open type cultivation device.

In the drawings, 1 is a culture container, 2 is a culture medium, 3 is a solid medium sterilizer, 15 is a bed cultivation device, 16 is a large culture container, 17 is a filling machine, 25 is a conveyance device, 28 is a crusher, 30 indicates the culture device, respectively.

Wisteria 1

Claims (1)

[Claims] In the method of using a mixture of crushed wood raw material and a nutrient source as a medium, inoculating it with basidiomycetes after heat sterilization, and culturing it in a bed, the medium is first cultivated aseptically, and mycelia are spread there,
A method for culturing basidiomycetes, which comprises then loosening the medium, plating it into a flat shape, and culturing it in a non-sterile manner.