CN113994847A - Hericium erinaceus culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hericium erinaceus culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113994847A CN113994847A CN202111368975.6A CN202111368975A CN113994847A CN 113994847 A CN113994847 A CN 113994847A CN 202111368975 A CN202111368975 A CN 202111368975A CN 113994847 A CN113994847 A CN 113994847A
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- 240000000588 Hericium erinaceus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 235000007328 Hericium erinaceus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 63
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000036983 biotransformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001660920 Agrocybe chaxingu Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222336 Ganoderma Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010675 chips/crisps Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hericium erinaceus culture medium and a preparation method thereof, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0-48% of wood dust, 12-60% of tea branch dust, 23% of cottonseed hull, 14% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of glucose and 1% of calcium superphosphate. The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus culture medium comprises the following steps: respectively weighing tea branch scraps, sawdust, cottonseed hulls and wheat bran according to a certain proportion, uniformly mixing, performing fermentation treatment, weighing glucose, gypsum and calcium superphosphate according to a certain proportion after fermentation is completed, uniformly mixing, and bagging to obtain the hericium erinaceus culture medium. By adopting the hericium erinaceus cultivation material, the growth rate of the hericium erinaceus hyphae can reach 0.819cm/d, and the growth rate of the hyphae is higher than that of a formula of a control group.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to a hericium erinaceus cultivation medium and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Hericium erinaceus is an edible fungus with high-value edible and medicinal values, is nutritious and delicious, can prevent a plurality of diseases of human bodies, and is popular in recent years. However, the cultivation of edible fungi requires more sawdust raw materials, a large amount of forest resources need to be felled, the environment is damaged, and a material capable of replacing sawdust for cultivation needs to be found out.
China is a big tea country, a large number of tea branches are pruned every year, and the pruned tea branches are generally burnt or stacked outside for treatment, so that the environment is polluted and tea branch materials are wasted. The tea branch scraps replace wood chips to cultivate hericium erinaceus, so that the forest resource problem is solved, the tea branches are effectively utilized, and the ecological environment is protected.
In the prior art, the utilization research of the tea branch scraps is mainly applied to the aspects of organic fertilizer preparation, environmental management, few edible fungus cultivation and the like. In the aspect of edible fungi cultivation, at present, the edible fungi which are cultivated by using the tea branch scraps as substitute materials mainly comprise oyster mushrooms, black fungi, lucid ganoderma, mushrooms, white ghost pens, agrocybe chaxingu, flower mushrooms and the like, and no report is found whether other main edible fungi such as hericium erinaceus can be cultivated by using the tea branch scraps as substitute materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and provides a hericium erinaceus culture medium to expand the sources of hericium erinaceus culture raw materials and improve the utilization rate of tea branch scraps.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a hericium erinaceus cultivation material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0-48% of wood chips, 12-60% of tea branch chips, 23% of cottonseed hulls, 14% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of glucose and 1% of calcium superphosphate.
Preferably, the formula of the hericium erinaceus culture medium is as follows: 12-40% of wood chips, 20-48% of tea branch chips, 23% of cottonseed hulls, 14% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of glucose; 1% of calcium superphosphate.
More preferably, the formula of the hericium erinaceus cultivation material is as follows: 12% of wood chips, 48% of tea branch chips, 23% of cottonseed hulls, 14% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of glucose; 1% of calcium superphosphate.
A preparation method of a hericium erinaceus culture medium comprises the following steps: weighing tea branch scraps, sawdust, cottonseed hulls and wheat bran according to each experimental group, uniformly mixing, respectively performing fermentation treatment, adding glucose, gypsum and calcium superphosphate into each group after the fermentation is finished, uniformly mixing the materials, and bagging to obtain the hericium erinaceus culture medium.
A cultivation method of hericium erinaceus adopts a cultivation medium formula as follows: 0-48% of wood chips, 12-60% of tea branch chips, 23% of cottonseed hulls, 14% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of glucose and 1% of calcium superphosphate, and the cultivation is carried out according to the conventional cultivation technology.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the hericium erinaceus cultivation material, the growth rate of the hericium erinaceus hyphae can reach 0.819cm/d, and the growth rate of the hyphae is higher than that of a formula of a control group.
Detailed Description
1.1 strain: the Hericium erinaceus strain is derived from the Guizhou high mountain Baiyi edible fungus development limited company.
1.2 tea branch crumbs: the tea branch scraps are obtained by crushing tea branches built in a tea garden in the tea institute of agricultural science and academy of Guizhou province.
1.3 culture substrate formula
Wherein the formulas 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are respectively formulas of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of mixed wood dust replaced by tea branch dust.
1.4 cultivation substrate raw Material
The experiment was performed in 15 replicates per group, with an experimental group and a control group. Each bag of culture medium weighs 500g, and 750g of culture medium is weighed and bagged after water is added for fermentation.
Wood chips, tea branch chips, wheat bran and cottonseed hulls: weighing sawdust according to a proportion in each gradient, fully mixing the sawdust, tea branch scraps, wheat bran and cottonseed hulls, and adding water for fermentation.
Gypsum, glucose, calcium superphosphate: after fermentation, gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate are added into each gradient according to the amount of 1 percent respectively, and the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed.
Control group: 4500g of sawdust, 1050g of wheat bran and 1725g of cottonseed hull are weighed, water is added to the sawdust, the wheat bran and the cottonseed hull, the mixture is uniformly mixed, fermentation is carried out for 3d, and after the fermentation is finished, 750g of gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate are added respectively, and then the materials are uniformly mixed.
Formula 1: weighing 3600g of sawdust, 900g of tea branch scraps, 1050g of wheat bran and 1725g of cottonseed hulls, adding water, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 3d, adding 750g of gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate respectively after fermentation is finished, and uniformly mixing materials.
And (2) formula: weighing 2700g of sawdust, 1800g of tea branch scraps, 1050g of wheat bran and 1725g of cottonseed hulls, adding water, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 3d, adding 750g of gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate respectively after fermentation is finished, and uniformly mixing materials.
And (3) formula: 1800g of sawdust, 2700g of tea branch scraps, 1050g of wheat bran and 1725g of cottonseed hulls are weighed, water is added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, fermentation is carried out for 3d, and after the fermentation is finished, gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed after 750g of each is added.
And (4) formula: weighing 900g of sawdust, 3600g of tea branch scraps, 1050g of wheat bran and 1725g of cottonseed hulls, adding water, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 3d, adding 750g of gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate respectively after fermentation is finished, and uniformly mixing materials.
And (5) formula: 4500g of tea branch scraps, 1050g of wheat bran and 1725g of cottonseed hulls are weighed, water is added, the mixture is uniformly mixed, fermentation is carried out for 3d, and after the fermentation is finished, 750g of gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate are added respectively, and then the materials are uniformly mixed.
1.5 test consumables and equipment for experiments
Test consumables: the used fungus bags are 15 cm multiplied by 30 cm multiplied by 5.55cm polyethylene fungus material bags, plastic lantern rings, plastic perforated sticks (Zhangzhou tianzhen plastic products limited company) and novel edible fungus sponge covers.
The experimental facilities comprise an autoclave (Qingdao Hongkong valve industry Co., Ltd.), a seed receiving box and a mushroom growing room (centralized control intelligent mushroom room).
2 method of experiment
2.1 design of the experiment
5 groups of repeated groups and a control group are arranged, each group is cultivated for 15 bags, the growth condition of hericium erinaceus hyphae, the yield of hericium erinaceus fruiting bodies and the biotransformation rate of the hericium erinaceus are observed and recorded, the feasibility of cultivating the hericium erinaceus by the tea branches is explored by comparing the results obtained by the experiment, and the optimal formula for cultivating the hericium erinaceus by the tea branch scraps is screened out. The hericium erinaceus is cultivated by the tea branch scraps to improve the growth speed, yield, biotransformation rate and commodity economic value of hericium erinaceus hyphae and reduce the cost for manufacturing the hericium erinaceus fungus bags. And comparing various indexes of the hericium erinaceus when the pure miscellaneous sawdust is used for cultivating the hericium erinaceus and the tea branch scraps are used for replacing sawdust to cultivate the hericium erinaceus, and further scientifically evaluating the product value and application prospect of the edible fungi cultivated by the tea branch scraps instead of materials.
2.2 Experimental pretreatment
Weighing the mixed wood chips, the tea branch chips, the cotton seed hulls and the wheat bran according to the proportion, mixing and fermenting. After the fermentation is finished, adding glucose, gypsum and calcium superphosphate according to a certain proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing.
2.3 bagging, sterilizing, selecting good strains, inoculating
Bagging the fermented culture medium, controlling the dry materials in each bag to be 500g, bagging the culture medium with the water content of about 65%, and autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 6 h. Cooling and inoculating according to aseptic operation rules.
2.4 periodically observing the growth of hyphae and measuring the growth length of hyphae
And (4) transferring the inoculated hericium erinaceus into a culture room to perform a mycelium culture stage, observing and measuring the growth amount of the mycelium every 3d, and recording the bag filling time of the mycelium growth of the hericium erinaceus.
The formula of the hypha growth rate (V, cm. d-1) is as follows:
V=L/D (1)
in the formula: l represents the amount of hypha growth (cm); d represents the number of days of culture (D).
Example 1
Weighing 3600g of sawdust, 900g of tea branch scraps, 1050g of wheat bran and 1725g of cottonseed hulls according to a formula 1, namely replacing 20% of sawdust with the tea branch scraps to cultivate hericium erinaceus, adding water, uniformly mixing, adding water to adjust the water content to be 60-63%, turning, adding 750g of gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate after fermentation is completed, uniformly stirring and mixing, bagging, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 6 hours under high pressure, inoculating after cooling, transferring the inoculated materials into a culture room to culture.
The tea branch chips replace 20% of the wood chips to serve as the hericium erinaceus cultivation material, hyphae grow full of the fungus bags on the 30 th day, the hypha growth rate is 0.542cm/d, the pure wood chip group grows full of the fungus bags on the 43 th day, the hypha growth rate is 0.777cm/d, when the tea branch chips replace 20% of the wood chips to cultivate hericium erinaceus, the hypha full of the bags is faster than that of the pure wood chips, but the hypha growth rate of the pure wood chip group is faster than that of the tea branch chips replace 20% of the wood chips.
Example 2
Weighing 2700g of sawdust, 1800g of tea branch scraps, 1050g of wheat bran and 1725g of cottonseed hulls according to a formula 2, namely weighing the sawdust instead of 40% sawdust to cultivate hericium erinaceus, adding water to adjust the water content to be 60-63% after uniformly mixing the sawdust, turning the hericium erinaceus, adding 750g of gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate after fermentation is completed, bagging the hericium erinaceus after uniformly mixing the hericium erinaceus and the cottonseed hulls, sterilizing the hericium erinaceus at the high pressure of 121 ℃ for 6 hours after stirring, inoculating the hericium erinaceus after cooling, and transferring the hericium erinaceus into a culture room for culture after inoculation is completed.
The tea branch scraps replace 40% of sawdust to serve as a hericium erinaceus cultivation material, hyphae grow full of fungus bags on the 43 th day, the growth rate of the hyphae is 0.660cm/d, pure sawdust groups grow full of the fungus bags on the 43 th day, the growth rate of the hyphae is 0.777cm/d, and the time for the hyphae to grow full of the fungus bags when the tea branch scraps replace 40% of sawdust to cultivate hericium erinaceus is the same as that when the pure sawdust is used. However, the growth rate of the hypha in the pure wood chip group is faster than that of the wood chip group which is replaced by the tea branch chip in 40 percent.
Example 3
Weighing 1800g of sawdust, 2700g of tea branch scraps, 1050g of wheat bran and 1725g of cottonseed hulls according to a formula 3, namely replacing 60% of sawdust with the tea branch scraps to cultivate hericium erinaceus, adding water to adjust the water content to be 60-63% after uniformly mixing the sawdust, turning the hericium erinaceus, adding 750g of gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate after fermentation is completed, bagging the hericium erinaceus after uniformly mixing the hericium erinaceus and the cottonseed hulls, sterilizing the hericium erinaceus at the high pressure of 121 ℃ for 6 hours after high pressure sterilization, inoculating the hericium erinaceus after cooling, and transferring the hericium erinaceus into a culture room for culture after inoculation is completed.
The tea branch chips replace 60% of the wood chips to serve as the hericium erinaceus cultivation material, hyphae grow full of fungus bags on the 26 th day, the growth rate of the hyphae is 0.667cm/d, pure wood chips grow full of the fungus bags on the 43 th day, the growth rate of the hyphae is 0.777cm/d, and the time for the hyphae to grow full of the fungus bags is faster when the tea branch chips replace 60% of the wood chips to cultivate the hericium erinaceus than when the pure wood chips. But the growth rate of the hypha of the pure wood chip group is faster than that of the tea branch chip which replaces 60 percent of wood chips.
Example 4
Weighing 900g of sawdust, 3600g of tea branch scraps, 1050g of wheat bran and 1725g of cottonseed hulls according to a formula 4, namely replacing 80% of sawdust with the tea branch scraps to cultivate hericium erinaceus, adding water after uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to be 60-63%, turning, adding 750g of gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate after fermentation is completed, uniformly stirring and mixing, bagging, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 6 hours under high pressure, cooling, inoculating, and transferring the inoculated materials into a culture room for culture.
The tea branch chips replace 80% of the wood chips to serve as the hericium erinaceus cultivation material, hyphae grow over the fungus bags on the 26 th day at a growth rate of 0.819cm/d, pure wood chips grow over the fungus bags on the 43 th day at a growth rate of 0.777cm/d, and when the tea branch chips replace 60% of the wood chips to cultivate hericium erinaceus, the hyphae grow over the fungus bags faster than the pure wood chips, and the hyphae growth rate is also faster than the pure wood chips.
Example 5
According to the formula 5, namely, 4500g of tea branch scraps, 1050g of wheat bran and 1725g of cottonseed hulls are weighed according to the fact that the tea branch scraps replace 100% of sawdust to cultivate hericium erinaceus, water is added to the tea branch scraps and mixed uniformly, water is added to the mixture to adjust the water content to be 60-63%, the mixture is turned, after fermentation is completed, 750g of gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate are added, the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly and then bagged, the mixture is sterilized at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 6 hours under high pressure, inoculation is carried out after cooling, and the mixture is transferred into a culture room to be cultured after inoculation is completed.
The tea branch chips replace 100% of the wood chips to serve as the hericium erinaceus cultivation material, hyphae grow over the fungus bags on the 26 th day at a growth rate of 0.793cm/d, pure wood chips grow over the fungus bags on the 43 th day at a growth rate of 0.777cm/d, and when the tea branch chips replace 80% of the wood chips to cultivate hericium erinaceus, the hyphae grow over the fungus bags faster than the pure wood chips, and the hyphae growth rate is higher than the pure wood chips.
Example 6
According to the formula 6, 4500g of sawdust, 1050g of wheat bran and cottonseed hull are weighed according to the formula of Hericium erinaceus cultivated by pure sawdust
1725g of water, adding water after uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 60-63%, turning over the pile, adding 750g of gypsum, glucose and calcium superphosphate respectively after fermentation, bagging after uniformly mixing, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 6h under high pressure, inoculating after cooling, and transferring the inoculated material into a culture chamber for culture.
From the above table, it can be seen that 80% of the sawdust was replaced by tea branch sawdust, i.e. formula 4: when the hericium erinaceus is cultivated by 12% of miscellaneous wood chips, 48% of tea branch chips, 23% of cotton seed hulls, 14% of wheat bran, 1% of glucose, 1% of gypsum and 1% of calcium superphosphate, the growth rate of hericium erinaceus hyphae is fastest, the hyphae grow best, the growth rate v = L/D =0.819cm/D at the full bag filling time end of the hericium erinaceus hyphae growth according to the formula, and the pollution rate is 6.7%. The growth rate v = L/D =0.777cm/D of the hyphae of the control group, the pollution rate is 40%, and the comparison of the growth rate of the hyphae of the formula 4 and the growth rate of the hyphae of the control group shows that the hyphae of the hericium erinaceus grow faster when the tea branch crumbs replace 80% of the wood crumbs to cultivate the hericium erinaceus, the pollution rate is low, and the success rate is high. Solid formula 4, namely tea branch sawdust replaces 80% of sawdust: 12% of miscellaneous wood dust, 48% of tea branch dust, 23% of cottonseed hull, 14% of wheat bran, 1% of glucose, 1% of gypsum and 1% of calcium superphosphate are the preferable formula for cultivating hericium erinaceus by replacing wood dust with tea branch dust.
Claims (5)
1. A hericium erinaceus culture medium is characterized in that: the formula of the culture medium is as follows: 0-48% of wood dust, 12-60% of tea branch dust, 23% of cottonseed hull, 14% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of glucose and 1% of calcium superphosphate.
2. The hericium erinaceus culture medium according to claim 1, wherein: the formula of the culture medium is as follows: 12-40% of wood chips, 20-48% of tea branch chips, 23% of cottonseed hulls, 14% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of glucose; 1% of calcium superphosphate.
3. The hericium erinaceus culture medium according to claim 1, wherein: the formula of the culture medium is as follows: 12% of wood chips, 48% of tea branch chips, 23% of cottonseed hulls, 14% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of glucose; 1% of calcium superphosphate.
4. A method for preparing the hericium erinaceus culture substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps: respectively weighing tea branch scraps, sawdust, cottonseed hulls and wheat bran according to a certain proportion, uniformly mixing, performing fermentation treatment, weighing glucose, gypsum and calcium superphosphate according to a certain proportion after fermentation is completed, uniformly mixing, and bagging to obtain the hericium erinaceus culture medium.
5. A cultivation method of hericium erinaceus is characterized by comprising the following steps: the hericium erinaceus culture medium of any one of claims 1 to 3 is adopted as a substrate, and cultivation is carried out according to a conventional cultivation technology.
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