JPH0575749B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0575749B2 JPH0575749B2 JP63325724A JP32572488A JPH0575749B2 JP H0575749 B2 JPH0575749 B2 JP H0575749B2 JP 63325724 A JP63325724 A JP 63325724A JP 32572488 A JP32572488 A JP 32572488A JP H0575749 B2 JPH0575749 B2 JP H0575749B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tetrahydrofuran
- catalyst
- butyrolactone
- anhydride
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 83
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical group O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 butyne diol Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930188620 butyrolactone Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004063 acid-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbonate Chemical class N.N.OC(O)=O PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011162 ammonium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004652 butanoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JGDFBJMWFLXCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper chromite Chemical compound [Cu]=O.[Cu]=O.O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O JGDFBJMWFLXCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VWWMOACCGFHMEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarbide(2-) Chemical compound [C-]#[C-] VWWMOACCGFHMEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetylene Natural products CCC#C KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002238 fumaric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002689 maleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003444 succinic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D315/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom according to more than one of groups C07D303/00 - C07D313/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/08—Preparation of tetrahydrofuran
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Furan Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13704287A | 1987-12-23 | 1987-12-23 | |
| US137042 | 1987-12-23 | ||
| US23194088A | 1988-08-15 | 1988-08-15 | |
| US231940 | 1988-08-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02786A JPH02786A (ja) | 1990-01-05 |
| JPH0575749B2 true JPH0575749B2 (enExample) | 1993-10-21 |
Family
ID=26834857
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63325724A Granted JPH02786A (ja) | 1987-12-23 | 1988-12-23 | 無水マレイン酸のテトラヒドロフランおよびγ―ブチロラクトンへの気相水素化 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0322140B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPH02786A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1021049C (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1327812C (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE3876083T2 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2052748T3 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5055599A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1991-10-08 | The Standard Oil Company | Process for the hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to tetrahydrofuran and gamma-butyrolactone |
| US5041564A (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1991-08-20 | Gaf Chemicals Corporation | Vapor phase process for production of gamma-butyrolactone |
| US5347021A (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1994-09-13 | Isp Investments Inc. | Process of vapor phase catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to gamma-butyrolactone in high conversion and high selectivity using an activated catalyst |
| IT1273320B (it) * | 1994-02-22 | 1997-07-08 | Alusuisse Italia Spa | Procedimento per la produzione di gamma-butirrolattone |
| US5637735A (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1997-06-10 | China Petrochemical Corporation | Process for the preparation of gamma-butyrolactone |
| BE1011699A6 (fr) * | 1998-01-08 | 1999-12-07 | Pantochim Sa | Procede de production de tetrahydrofuranne et de gamma-butyrolactone. |
| IT1298535B1 (it) | 1998-02-02 | 2000-01-12 | Lonza Spa | Procedimento per la produzione di gamma-butirrolattone |
| DE10061558A1 (de) | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-13 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Hydrierung von Maleinsäureanhydrid und verwandten Verbindungen in einem Wirbelschichtreaktor |
| DE10061556A1 (de) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-13 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tetrahydrofuran |
| DE10209633A1 (de) * | 2002-03-02 | 2003-09-11 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Herstellung von Tetrahydrofuran und Pyrrolidonen |
| DE10219224A1 (de) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-13 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gamma-Butyrolacton |
| DE10225926A1 (de) | 2002-06-11 | 2003-12-24 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Butandiol |
| DE10225927A1 (de) | 2002-06-11 | 2003-12-24 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Butandiol durch kombinierte Gasphasen- und Flüssigphasensynthese |
| DE10225929A1 (de) | 2002-06-11 | 2003-12-24 | Basf Ag | Zweistufiges Verfahren zur Herstellung von Butandiol mit Zwischenabtrennung von Bernsteinsäureanhydrid |
| CN101502803B (zh) * | 2009-03-19 | 2011-11-02 | 复旦大学 | 用于马来酸二甲酯选择加氢制备1,4-丁二醇或四氢呋喃的催化剂及其制备方法 |
| US20130296585A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-11-07 | Basf Corporation | Catalyst For Tetrahydrofuran Synthesis |
| CN107108538B (zh) * | 2015-01-09 | 2020-10-27 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 制备四氢呋喃、1,4-丁二醇或γ-丁内酯的方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE743652A (enExample) * | 1968-12-26 | 1970-05-28 | ||
| JPS4949953A (enExample) * | 1972-09-18 | 1974-05-15 | ||
| US4001282A (en) * | 1973-02-12 | 1977-01-04 | General Electric Company | Process for producing gamma-butyrolactone |
| US4083809A (en) * | 1976-08-20 | 1978-04-11 | Gaf Corporation | Hydrogenation catalyst and method of producing same |
-
1988
- 1988-12-01 CA CA 584709 patent/CA1327812C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-09 DE DE19883876083 patent/DE3876083T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-09 EP EP19880311659 patent/EP0322140B1/en not_active Expired
- 1988-12-09 ES ES88311659T patent/ES2052748T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-22 CN CN 88108781 patent/CN1021049C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-23 JP JP63325724A patent/JPH02786A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2052748T3 (es) | 1994-07-16 |
| DE3876083D1 (de) | 1992-12-24 |
| DE3876083T2 (de) | 1993-03-25 |
| CN1034541A (zh) | 1989-08-09 |
| JPH02786A (ja) | 1990-01-05 |
| CN1021049C (zh) | 1993-06-02 |
| CA1327812C (en) | 1994-03-15 |
| EP0322140B1 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
| EP0322140A1 (en) | 1989-06-28 |
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