JPH0332771B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0332771B2 JPH0332771B2 JP58188228A JP18822883A JPH0332771B2 JP H0332771 B2 JPH0332771 B2 JP H0332771B2 JP 58188228 A JP58188228 A JP 58188228A JP 18822883 A JP18822883 A JP 18822883A JP H0332771 B2 JPH0332771 B2 JP H0332771B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- photographic
- group
- compounds
- nucleus
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 8
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000004395 organic heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 6
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical class N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000565 sulfonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- UOCJDOLVGGIYIQ-PBFPGSCMSA-N cefatrizine Chemical group S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CC=1CSC=1C=NNN=1 UOCJDOLVGGIYIQ-PBFPGSCMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 2
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical class O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCNYEGJDGNOYJX-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-2,3-dibromo-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(\Br)=C(/Br)C=O NCNYEGJDGNOYJX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-2,3-dichloro-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(\Cl)=C(/Cl)C=O LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBYRMPXUBGMOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one Chemical class OC=1C=CNN=1 XBYRMPXUBGMOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKTSMPLPCJREOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(ethenylsulfonyl)-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)N1CN(S(=O)(=O)C=C)CN(S(=O)(=O)C=C)C1 IKTSMPLPCJREOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N1CC1CO1 OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoselenazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2[se]C=NC2=C1 AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-selenazole Chemical class C1=C[se]C=N1 ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZFSRQQVIKFYON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-acetyl-5-prop-2-enoyl-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 MZFSRQQVIKFYON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAMCBFNNGGVPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(ethenylsulfonylmethoxymethylsulfonyl)ethene Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)COCS(=O)(=O)C=C KAMCBFNNGGVPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole Chemical compound SC1=NN=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3,5-di(prop-2-enoyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDBOKKNWJQFKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n-bis(2-chloroethyl)piperazine-1,4-dicarboxamide Chemical compound ClCCNC(=O)N1CCN(C(=O)NCCCl)CC1 DDBOKKNWJQFKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004343 1-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-tetrazol-1-ium-5-thiolate Chemical class SC1=NN=NN1 JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BADOWXURCZJVMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-1h-1,3,5-triazin-4-ol;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OC1(Cl)N=CNC(Cl)=N1 BADOWXURCZJVMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKAPWXKZLYJQJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound COC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 JKAPWXKZLYJQJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001473 2,4-thiazolidinediones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GFISDBXSWQMOND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethoxyoxolane Chemical compound COC1CCC(OC)O1 GFISDBXSWQMOND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXKNVCBMVDNRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 TXKNVCBMVDNRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZNOQWZRUXSMSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylsulfonyl-n-[1-[(2-ethenylsulfonylacetyl)amino]ethyl]acetamide Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)CC(=O)NC(C)NC(=O)CS(=O)(=O)C=C TZNOQWZRUXSMSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one Chemical class O=C1CNC(=S)N1 UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiobarbituric acid Chemical class O=C1CC(=O)NC(=S)N1 RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxine Chemical compound C1OOCC=C1 JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAPGIBGZGRMCFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(2,5-dioxopyrrol-3-yl)methyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(CC=2C(NC(=O)C=2)=O)=C1 SAPGIBGZGRMCFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWIRCRREDNEXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitro-1h-indazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C([N+](=O)[O-])=NNC2=C1 OWIRCRREDNEXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRZDIHADHZSFBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-n,3-diphenylpropanamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XRZDIHADHZSFBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1,3-thiazole-2-thione Chemical class SC1=NC=CS1 OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYYSPVRERVXMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-difluorocyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound FC1(F)CCC(=O)CC1 NYYSPVRERVXMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDBGDMZILOWAHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C1NC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 JDBGDMZILOWAHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFJVLQBHHRHLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1,4-dioxane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC1COC(O)C(O)O1 LFJVLQBHHRHLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIQKIFWTIQDQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-1,3-oxazole-2-thione Chemical compound S=C1OCC=N1 GIQKIFWTIQDQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical class C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical class OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylglyoxal Chemical compound CC(=O)C=O AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PCSMJKASWLYICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic aldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCC=O PCSMJKASWLYICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USDJGQLNFPZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[4,6-bis(hydroxymethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]methanol Chemical compound OCNC1=NC(NCO)=NC(NCO)=N1 USDJGQLNFPZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940023476 agar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005599 alkyl carboxylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940101006 anhydrous sodium sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(N=CS3)=C3C=CC2=C1 KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMUIZUWOEIQJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzoxazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(N=CO3)=C3C=CC2=C1 WMUIZUWOEIQJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001661 cadmium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005989 chlorate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carbonate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O MQRJBSHKWOFOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006081 fluorescent whitening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AKCUHGBLDXXTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-oxo-phenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical class SS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AKCUHGBLDXXTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LOCAIGRSOJUCTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N indazol-3-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)N=NC2=C1 LOCAIGRSOJUCTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine group Chemical group N1=CCC2=CC=CC=C12 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002545 isoxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonic acid Substances CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- CRYPNDONDSLFPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-propylazanium Chemical compound C1OC1C[N+](C)(CCC)CC1CO1 CRYPNDONDSLFPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PKDBSOOYVOEUQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N mucobromic acid Natural products OC1OC(=O)C(Br)=C1Br PKDBSOOYVOEUQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N mucochloric acid Natural products OC1OC(=O)C(Cl)=C1Cl ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002916 oxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002918 oxazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxymethurea Chemical compound OCNC(=O)NCO QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005308 oxymethurea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- WHMDPDGBKYUEMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2-thiol Chemical class SC1=CC=CC=N1 WHMDPDGBKYUEMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003236 pyrrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodanine Chemical class O=C1CSC(=S)N1 KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SYWDUFAVIVYDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-olate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 SYWDUFAVIVYDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HMNUYYJYMOXWTN-UHFFFAOYSA-J strontium;barium(2+);disulfate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O HMNUYYJYMOXWTN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004964 sulfoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003475 thallium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole-4-thiol Chemical class SC1=CSN=N1 JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003549 thiazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005323 thioketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUCJMVBFZDHPDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tretamine Chemical compound C1CN1C1=NC(N2CC2)=NC(N2CC2)=N1 IUCJMVBFZDHPDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/38—Dispersants; Agents facilitating spreading
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
- G03C1/043—Polyalkylene oxides; Polyalkylene sulfides; Polyalkylene selenides; Polyalkylene tellurides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
- G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
æ¬çºæã¯ããã²ã³åéåçæå
ææïŒä»¥äžãå
çæå ææããšèšãïŒã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãããç¹ã«
垯é»é²æ¢æ§ãšã«ããªïŒæªé²å éšã§ã®éã®æ²çã«ã
ãé»åæ¿åºŠã®äžæïŒé²æ¢æ§ãšãåæã«æ¹è¯ããã
åçæå ææã«é¢ãããã®ã§ããã åçæå ææã¯äžè¬ã«é»æ°çµ¶çžæ§ãæããæ¯æ
äœããã³åçå±€ããæã€ãŠããã®ã§åçæå ææ
ã®è£œé å·¥çšäžãªãã³ã«äœ¿çšæã«åçš®ãŸãã¯ç°çš®ç©
質ã®è¡šé¢ãšã®éã®æ¥è§Šæ©æŠãŸãã¯å¥é¢ããããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠéé»é»è·ãèç©ãããããšãå€ããã
ã®èç©ãããéé»é»è·ã¯å€ãã®é害ãåŒèµ·ããã
æãé倧ãªé害ã¯çŸååŠçåã«èç©ãããéé»é»
è·ãæŸé»ããããšã«ãã€ãŠæå æ§ä¹³å€å±€ãæå ã
åçãã€ã«ã ãçŸååŠçããéã«ç¹ç¶ã¹ãããå
ã¯æš¹èç¶ã矜æ¯ç¶ã®ç·æãçããããšã§ãããã
ããããããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãšåŒã°ããŠããã
ã®ã§åçãã€ã«ã ã®åå䟡å€ãèããæãå Žåã«
ãã€ãŠã¯å šã倱ãªãããããäŸãã°å»ççšåã¯å·¥
æ¥çšïŒžâã¬ã€ãã€ã«ã çã«çŸãããå Žåã«ã¯éåžž
ã«å±éºãªå€æã«ã€ãªããããšã¯å®¹æã«èªèããã
ã§ãããããã®çŸåã¯çŸåããŠã¿ãŠåããŠæãã
ã«ãªããã®ã§éåžžã«åä»ãªåé¡ã®äžã€ã§ããããŸ
ããããã®èç©ãããéé»é»è·ã¯ãã€ã«ã è¡šé¢ãž
塵åãä»çããããå¡åžãåäžã«è¡ãªããªããªã©
ã®ç¬¬ïŒæ¬¡çãªæ éãèªèµ·ããããåå ã«ããªãã ãããéé»é»è·ã¯åè¿°ããããã«åçæå ææ
ã®è£œé ããã³äœ¿çšæã«ãã°ãã°èç©ãããã®ã§ã
ããäŸãã°è£œé å·¥çšã«æŒãŠã¯åçãã€ã«ã ãšããŒ
ã©ãŒãšã®æ¥è§Šæ©æŠãããã¯åçãã€ã«ã ã®å·»å
ããå·»æ»ãå·¥çšäžã§ã®æ¯æäœé¢ãšä¹³å€é¢ã®å¥é¢ç
ã«ãã€ãŠçºçããããŸãã¯ïŒžâã¬ã€ãã€ã«ã ã®èª
åæ®åœ±æ©äžã§ã®æ©æ¢°éšåãããã¯è¢å å¢æçŽãšã®
éã®æ¥è§Šå¥é¢çãåå ãšãªã€ãŠçºçããããã®ä»
å è£ ææãšã®æ¥è§Šãªã©ã§ãçºçããããããéé»
é»è·ã®èç©ã«ãã€ãŠèªèµ·ãããåçæå ææã®ã¹
ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã¯åçæå ææã®æ床ã®äžæãã
ã³åŠçé床ã®å¢å ã«ãã€ãŠé¡èãšãªããç¹ã«æè¿
ã«ãããŠã¯ãåçæå ææã®é«æ床åããã³é«é
å¡åžãé«éæ®åœ±ãé«éèªååŠçåçã®èé ·ãªåã
æ±ããåããæ©äŒãå€ããªã€ãããšã«ãã€ãŠäžå±€
ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®çºçãåºæããªã€ãŠããã ãããã®éé»æ°ã«ããé害ããªããããã«ã¯å
çæå ææã«åž¯é»é²æ¢å€ãæ·»å ããããšã奜ãŸã
ããããããªãããåçæå ææã«å©çšã§ãã垯
é»é²æ¢å€ã¯ãä»ã®åéã§äžè¬ã«çšããããŠãã垯
é»é²æ¢å€ããã®ãŸãŸäœ¿çšã§ããèš³ã§ã¯ãªããåç
æå ææã«ç¹æã®çš®ã ã®å¶çŽãåãããå³ã¡åç
æå ææã«å©çšãåŸã垯é»é²æ¢å€ã«ã¯åž¯é»é²æ¢æ§
èœãåªããŠããããšã®ä»ã«ãäŸãã°åçæå ææ
ã®æ床ãã«ããªãç²ç¶æ§ãã·ã€ãŒããã¹çã®åç
ç¹æ§ã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããªãããšãåçæå ææã®
è匷床ã«æªåœ±é¿ãäžããªãããšïŒããªãã¡æ©æŠã
åŒæ»ãã«å¯ŸããŠå·ãä»ãæããªããªãããšïŒãè
æ¥çæ§ã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããªãããšïŒããªãã¡åç
æå ææã®è¡šé¢åå¿æãã¯ä»ã®ç©è³ªã®è¡šé¢ãšãã€
ãæããªã€ããããªãããšïŒãåçæå ææã®åŠ
ç液ã®ç²åŽãæ©ããªãããšãåçæå ææã®åæ§
æå±€éã®æ¥ç匷床ãäœäžãããªãããšçã ã®æ§èœ
ãèŠæ±ãããåçæå ææãžåž¯é»é²æ¢å€ãé©çšã
ãããšã¯éåžžã«å€ãã®å¶çŽãåããã éé»æ°ã«ããé害ããªããããã®äžã€ã®æ¹æ³ã¯
æå ææè¡šé¢ã®é»æ°äŒå°æ§ãäžããŠèç©é»è·ãæŸ
é»ããåã«éé»é»è·ãçæéã«éžæ£ãããããã
ã«ããããšã§ããã ãããã€ãŠãåŸæ¥ããåçæå ææã®æ¯æäœã
åçš®å¡åžè¡šé¢å±€ã®å°é»æ§ãåäžãããæ¹æ³ãèã
ããçš®ã ã®åžæ¹¿æ§ç©è³ªã氎溶æ§ç¡æ©å¡©ãããçš®ã®
çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãããªããŒçã®å©çšãè©Šã¿ãããŠã
ããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2882157å·ãå2972535å·ã
å3062785å·ãå3262807å·ãå3514291å·ãå
3615531å·ãå3753716å·ãå3938999å·çã«èšèŒ
ãããŠãããããªããªããŒãäŸãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2982651å·ãå3428456å·ãå3457076å·ãå
3454625å·ãå3552972å·ãå3655387å·çã«èšèŒ
ãããŠãããããªçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3062700å·ãå3245833å·ãå3525621å·çã«èšèŒ
ãããŠãããããªéå±é žåç©ãã³ãã€ãã·ãªã«ç
ãç¥ãããŠããã ããããªãããããã®ç©è³ªã¯ããã€ã«ã æ¯æäœ
ã®çš®é¡ãåççµæç©ã®éãã«ãã€ãŠç¹ç°æ§ã瀺
ããããç¹å®ã®ãã€ã«ã æ¯æäœããã³åçä¹³å€ã
ãã®ä»ã®åçæ§æèŠçŽ ã«ã¯è¯ãçµæãäžãããä»
ã®ç°ãªã€ããã€ã«ã æ¯æäœããã³åçæ§æèŠçŽ ã§
ã¯åž¯é»é²æ¢ã«å šã圹ã«ç«ããªãã€ãããæãã¯ã
垯é»é²æ¢ç¹æ§ã¯åªããŠããŠããåçä¹³å€ã®æ床ã
ã«ããªãç²ç¶æ§ãã·ã€ãŒããã¹çã®åçç¹æ§ã«æª
圱é¿ãåãŒããããæãã¯è£œé çŽåŸã¯è¯å¥œãªåž¯é»
é²æ¢ç¹æ§ãæããŠããŠãçµæãšå ±ã«åž¯é»é²æ¢ç¹æ§
ãå£åããŠããŸã€ããããŠããããã®ç©è³ªãåç
æå ææã«é©çšããããšã¯æ¥µããŠå°é£ã§ãã€ãã è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬861134å·ããã€ãç¹èš±ç¬¬1422809å·ã
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3850641å·ã«ã¯ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»
çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãåçæå ææã«å«æãããããšåªã
ã垯é»é²æ¢å¹æãåŸãããããšã瀺ãããŠããã ããããªããããããã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»
çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå«æããããåçæå ææã¯å€§ããª
æ¬ ç¹ãæããŠãããããªãã¡ããããã®ããªãªã
ã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå«æããããåçæå
ææãé«æž©äžã«ä¿åãããšãçŸåããéãé²å ã
ããŠããªãéšåã«ãé»åããéãæ²çããŠããã
ããã«ããªããçããåŸåãããããã®ããšã¯å
çç»åã®å質ãèããäœäžããããããåçæå
ææã®èŽåœçãªæ¬ ç¹ãšãããŠããã ã«ããªãæŒããããã«ãäŸãã°ãã¹ã¿ããªãŒãŒ
ã·ãšã³ ãªã ããªãã°ã©ãã€ã㯠ã·ã«ããŒ
ãã©ã€ã ãšãã«ãžãšã³ãºããã¯ã¿ãŒ ã€ãŒã»ãž
ãšãŒã»ãã« ããªãŒã«ã«ãã¬ã¹ã»ãã³ãã³ã»ããŠ
ãŒãšãŒã¯ïŒStabilization of Photographic
Silver Halide Emulsions Dr.E.J.Birr Focal
Pressã»Londonã»New YorkïŒãåçå·¥åŠã®åºç€
éå¡©åçç·šïŒæ¥æ¬åçåŠäŒç·šïŒã³ãã瀟ãç¹é
æ57â164734ã«é瀺ãããŠãããããªææ©è€çŽ ç°
ååç©ãåçæå ææã«æ·»å ããããšãéå¡©åç
æ¥çã§ã¯äžè¬çã«è¡ãªãããŠãããããããªã
ãã垯é»é²æ¢æ§èœãåäžããç®çã§ããªãªãã·ãš
ãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãçšããããŠããåçæå æ
æã«ææ©è€çŽ ç°ååç©ãæ·»å ããŠãå®è³ªçã«ã«ã
ãªãæå¹ã«æããããšãã§ããªãã€ããããªã
ã¡ãææ©è€çŽ ç°ååç©ã®æ·»å éãå¢å ãããããš
ã«ãã€ãŠã«ããªãæããããšãããšããçšåºŠã®å¹
æã¯èªãããããã®ã®ãåçæå ææã«ãšã€ãŠæ
ãéèŠãªæ§èœã®ïŒã€ã§ããåçæ床ã®å€§å¹ ãªäœäž
ããããããŠããŸããããææ©è€çŽ ç°ååç©ã®æ·»
å éãéå®ãããå®è³ªçã«ã«ããªãæããããšã
ã§ããªãã€ãã ãã®ããã«ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€
ã«ãã€ãŠåž¯é»é²æ¢æ§ãä»äžããåçæå ææã§ã«
ããªãæå¹ã«æããããšã¯èãããå°é£ã§ãã€
ãã æ¬çºæè ãã¯ãéææ€èšãéããçµæãããªãª
ãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ããã³ãã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©
ãçšããããšã«ãã€ãŠã垯é»é²æ¢æ§ãšã«ããªé²æ¢
æ§ãšãåæã«æ¹è¯ãããåçæå ææãåŸããã
ããšãèŠåºããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒã®ç®çã¯é«æž©äžã«ä¿åããŠãã«ã
ãªãçããããšã®ãªãè¯å¥œãªåçç»åãäžããã
ã€è¯å¥œã«åž¯é»é²æ¢ãããåçæå ææãæäŸãã
ããšã«ããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒã®ç®çã¯ã奜ãŸããåçæ床ãæ
ããŠããããã€è¯å¥œã«åž¯é»é²æ¢ãããåçæå æ
æãæäŸããããšã«ããã æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»
æ§å€ããã³ïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãšãå
çæå ææã®æå æ§ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ä»ã®
芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«å«æããããããšã«ãã€ãŠé
æããããšãã§ããã ãã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©ã¯ãåçæ¥çã§å ã®ææ©è€çŽ ç°
ååç©ä»¥å€ã§ã«ããªãé²æ¢ããäœçšã®ããååç©
ãšããŠç¥ãããŠãããã®ã§ãäŸãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2448060å·ãå2472627å·ãå2472631å·ãå
2540086å·ãå2552229å·ãå2566263å·ãå
2598079å·ãå4092171å·ãªã©ã«é瀺ãããŠããã ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã§åž¯é»é²æ¢ã
ããåçæå ææã®ã«ããªé²æ¢ã«ãåçæ¥çã§æ
ãäžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããŠããææ©è€çŽ ç°ååç©ã§
ã¯ãå®è³ªçã«ã»ãšãã©ã«ããªé²æ¢ã®å¹æãèªãã
ããããã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©ã®ã¿ãç¹ç°çã«æ床ã垯é»
é²æ¢æ§ãªã©ã®æªåããšããªãããšãªãã«ããªé²æ¢
ã«èãããå¹æã瀺ããããšã¯å šãäºæ³å€ã®ããš
ã§ãã€ãã æŽã«æ¬çºæã«ãããŠããã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãçšã
ããšãã®åçæå ææã®åŠçäŸåæ§ãæ¹åããã
ãšãã§ãããããã§ãåŠçäŸåæ§ãšã¯ãäžå®ã®é²
å ããããåçæå ææã®åŠçæ¡ä»¶ãäŸãã°çŸå
枩床ã®å€åã«ããç»åæ¿åºŠïŒDmaxãªã©ïŒã®å€å
ãèšãããã®ããã«ãåŠçäŸåæ§ãæ¹åãããã
ãšã¯ãåŸãããåçæå ææã®å質ãå®å®åãã
ãããšã§éåžžã«æçšãªããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãšã
ãŠã¯ããªãã·ãšãã¬ã³åºãå°ãªããšãïŒå以äžã
奜ãŸããã¯ïŒã50åãæãããã®ã§ããã°çšãã
ããšãã§ããã ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãšããŠã¯ãç¹
ã«äžèšã®äžè¬åŒãâïŒãããâïŒãåã³ãâ
ïŒãã§è¡šããããçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã奜ãŸããã äžè¬åŒãâïŒã R1âïŒâCH2CH2OïŒâo1 åŒäžãR1ã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã30ã®çœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®
ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ã«ã±ãã«åºåã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã
ã¯ââåºãââåºãâCOOâåºã
çæå ææããšèšãïŒã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãããç¹ã«
垯é»é²æ¢æ§ãšã«ããªïŒæªé²å éšã§ã®éã®æ²çã«ã
ãé»åæ¿åºŠã®äžæïŒé²æ¢æ§ãšãåæã«æ¹è¯ããã
åçæå ææã«é¢ãããã®ã§ããã åçæå ææã¯äžè¬ã«é»æ°çµ¶çžæ§ãæããæ¯æ
äœããã³åçå±€ããæã€ãŠããã®ã§åçæå ææ
ã®è£œé å·¥çšäžãªãã³ã«äœ¿çšæã«åçš®ãŸãã¯ç°çš®ç©
質ã®è¡šé¢ãšã®éã®æ¥è§Šæ©æŠãŸãã¯å¥é¢ããããã
ãšã«ãã€ãŠéé»é»è·ãèç©ãããããšãå€ããã
ã®èç©ãããéé»é»è·ã¯å€ãã®é害ãåŒèµ·ããã
æãé倧ãªé害ã¯çŸååŠçåã«èç©ãããéé»é»
è·ãæŸé»ããããšã«ãã€ãŠæå æ§ä¹³å€å±€ãæå ã
åçãã€ã«ã ãçŸååŠçããéã«ç¹ç¶ã¹ãããå
ã¯æš¹èç¶ã矜æ¯ç¶ã®ç·æãçããããšã§ãããã
ããããããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãšåŒã°ããŠããã
ã®ã§åçãã€ã«ã ã®åå䟡å€ãèããæãå Žåã«
ãã€ãŠã¯å šã倱ãªãããããäŸãã°å»ççšåã¯å·¥
æ¥çšïŒžâã¬ã€ãã€ã«ã çã«çŸãããå Žåã«ã¯éåžž
ã«å±éºãªå€æã«ã€ãªããããšã¯å®¹æã«èªèããã
ã§ãããããã®çŸåã¯çŸåããŠã¿ãŠåããŠæãã
ã«ãªããã®ã§éåžžã«åä»ãªåé¡ã®äžã€ã§ããããŸ
ããããã®èç©ãããéé»é»è·ã¯ãã€ã«ã è¡šé¢ãž
塵åãä»çããããå¡åžãåäžã«è¡ãªããªããªã©
ã®ç¬¬ïŒæ¬¡çãªæ éãèªèµ·ããããåå ã«ããªãã ãããéé»é»è·ã¯åè¿°ããããã«åçæå ææ
ã®è£œé ããã³äœ¿çšæã«ãã°ãã°èç©ãããã®ã§ã
ããäŸãã°è£œé å·¥çšã«æŒãŠã¯åçãã€ã«ã ãšããŒ
ã©ãŒãšã®æ¥è§Šæ©æŠãããã¯åçãã€ã«ã ã®å·»å
ããå·»æ»ãå·¥çšäžã§ã®æ¯æäœé¢ãšä¹³å€é¢ã®å¥é¢ç
ã«ãã€ãŠçºçããããŸãã¯ïŒžâã¬ã€ãã€ã«ã ã®èª
åæ®åœ±æ©äžã§ã®æ©æ¢°éšåãããã¯è¢å å¢æçŽãšã®
éã®æ¥è§Šå¥é¢çãåå ãšãªã€ãŠçºçããããã®ä»
å è£ ææãšã®æ¥è§Šãªã©ã§ãçºçããããããéé»
é»è·ã®èç©ã«ãã€ãŠèªèµ·ãããåçæå ææã®ã¹
ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã¯åçæå ææã®æ床ã®äžæãã
ã³åŠçé床ã®å¢å ã«ãã€ãŠé¡èãšãªããç¹ã«æè¿
ã«ãããŠã¯ãåçæå ææã®é«æ床åããã³é«é
å¡åžãé«éæ®åœ±ãé«éèªååŠçåçã®èé ·ãªåã
æ±ããåããæ©äŒãå€ããªã€ãããšã«ãã€ãŠäžå±€
ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®çºçãåºæããªã€ãŠããã ãããã®éé»æ°ã«ããé害ããªããããã«ã¯å
çæå ææã«åž¯é»é²æ¢å€ãæ·»å ããããšã奜ãŸã
ããããããªãããåçæå ææã«å©çšã§ãã垯
é»é²æ¢å€ã¯ãä»ã®åéã§äžè¬ã«çšããããŠãã垯
é»é²æ¢å€ããã®ãŸãŸäœ¿çšã§ããèš³ã§ã¯ãªããåç
æå ææã«ç¹æã®çš®ã ã®å¶çŽãåãããå³ã¡åç
æå ææã«å©çšãåŸã垯é»é²æ¢å€ã«ã¯åž¯é»é²æ¢æ§
èœãåªããŠããããšã®ä»ã«ãäŸãã°åçæå ææ
ã®æ床ãã«ããªãç²ç¶æ§ãã·ã€ãŒããã¹çã®åç
ç¹æ§ã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããªãããšãåçæå ææã®
è匷床ã«æªåœ±é¿ãäžããªãããšïŒããªãã¡æ©æŠã
åŒæ»ãã«å¯ŸããŠå·ãä»ãæããªããªãããšïŒãè
æ¥çæ§ã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããªãããšïŒããªãã¡åç
æå ææã®è¡šé¢åå¿æãã¯ä»ã®ç©è³ªã®è¡šé¢ãšãã€
ãæããªã€ããããªãããšïŒãåçæå ææã®åŠ
ç液ã®ç²åŽãæ©ããªãããšãåçæå ææã®åæ§
æå±€éã®æ¥ç匷床ãäœäžãããªãããšçã ã®æ§èœ
ãèŠæ±ãããåçæå ææãžåž¯é»é²æ¢å€ãé©çšã
ãããšã¯éåžžã«å€ãã®å¶çŽãåããã éé»æ°ã«ããé害ããªããããã®äžã€ã®æ¹æ³ã¯
æå ææè¡šé¢ã®é»æ°äŒå°æ§ãäžããŠèç©é»è·ãæŸ
é»ããåã«éé»é»è·ãçæéã«éžæ£ãããããã
ã«ããããšã§ããã ãããã€ãŠãåŸæ¥ããåçæå ææã®æ¯æäœã
åçš®å¡åžè¡šé¢å±€ã®å°é»æ§ãåäžãããæ¹æ³ãèã
ããçš®ã ã®åžæ¹¿æ§ç©è³ªã氎溶æ§ç¡æ©å¡©ãããçš®ã®
çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãããªããŒçã®å©çšãè©Šã¿ãããŠã
ããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2882157å·ãå2972535å·ã
å3062785å·ãå3262807å·ãå3514291å·ãå
3615531å·ãå3753716å·ãå3938999å·çã«èšèŒ
ãããŠãããããªããªããŒãäŸãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2982651å·ãå3428456å·ãå3457076å·ãå
3454625å·ãå3552972å·ãå3655387å·çã«èšèŒ
ãããŠãããããªçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
3062700å·ãå3245833å·ãå3525621å·çã«èšèŒ
ãããŠãããããªéå±é žåç©ãã³ãã€ãã·ãªã«ç
ãç¥ãããŠããã ããããªãããããã®ç©è³ªã¯ããã€ã«ã æ¯æäœ
ã®çš®é¡ãåççµæç©ã®éãã«ãã€ãŠç¹ç°æ§ã瀺
ããããç¹å®ã®ãã€ã«ã æ¯æäœããã³åçä¹³å€ã
ãã®ä»ã®åçæ§æèŠçŽ ã«ã¯è¯ãçµæãäžãããä»
ã®ç°ãªã€ããã€ã«ã æ¯æäœããã³åçæ§æèŠçŽ ã§
ã¯åž¯é»é²æ¢ã«å šã圹ã«ç«ããªãã€ãããæãã¯ã
垯é»é²æ¢ç¹æ§ã¯åªããŠããŠããåçä¹³å€ã®æ床ã
ã«ããªãç²ç¶æ§ãã·ã€ãŒããã¹çã®åçç¹æ§ã«æª
圱é¿ãåãŒããããæãã¯è£œé çŽåŸã¯è¯å¥œãªåž¯é»
é²æ¢ç¹æ§ãæããŠããŠãçµæãšå ±ã«åž¯é»é²æ¢ç¹æ§
ãå£åããŠããŸã€ããããŠããããã®ç©è³ªãåç
æå ææã«é©çšããããšã¯æ¥µããŠå°é£ã§ãã€ãã è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬861134å·ããã€ãç¹èš±ç¬¬1422809å·ã
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3850641å·ã«ã¯ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»
çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãåçæå ææã«å«æãããããšåªã
ã垯é»é²æ¢å¹æãåŸãããããšã瀺ãããŠããã ããããªããããããã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»
çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå«æããããåçæå ææã¯å€§ããª
æ¬ ç¹ãæããŠãããããªãã¡ããããã®ããªãªã
ã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå«æããããåçæå
ææãé«æž©äžã«ä¿åãããšãçŸåããéãé²å ã
ããŠããªãéšåã«ãé»åããéãæ²çããŠããã
ããã«ããªããçããåŸåãããããã®ããšã¯å
çç»åã®å質ãèããäœäžããããããåçæå
ææã®èŽåœçãªæ¬ ç¹ãšãããŠããã ã«ããªãæŒããããã«ãäŸãã°ãã¹ã¿ããªãŒãŒ
ã·ãšã³ ãªã ããªãã°ã©ãã€ã㯠ã·ã«ããŒ
ãã©ã€ã ãšãã«ãžãšã³ãºããã¯ã¿ãŒ ã€ãŒã»ãž
ãšãŒã»ãã« ããªãŒã«ã«ãã¬ã¹ã»ãã³ãã³ã»ããŠ
ãŒãšãŒã¯ïŒStabilization of Photographic
Silver Halide Emulsions Dr.E.J.Birr Focal
Pressã»Londonã»New YorkïŒãåçå·¥åŠã®åºç€
éå¡©åçç·šïŒæ¥æ¬åçåŠäŒç·šïŒã³ãã瀟ãç¹é
æ57â164734ã«é瀺ãããŠãããããªææ©è€çŽ ç°
ååç©ãåçæå ææã«æ·»å ããããšãéå¡©åç
æ¥çã§ã¯äžè¬çã«è¡ãªãããŠãããããããªã
ãã垯é»é²æ¢æ§èœãåäžããç®çã§ããªãªãã·ãš
ãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãçšããããŠããåçæå æ
æã«ææ©è€çŽ ç°ååç©ãæ·»å ããŠãå®è³ªçã«ã«ã
ãªãæå¹ã«æããããšãã§ããªãã€ããããªã
ã¡ãææ©è€çŽ ç°ååç©ã®æ·»å éãå¢å ãããããš
ã«ãã€ãŠã«ããªãæããããšãããšããçšåºŠã®å¹
æã¯èªãããããã®ã®ãåçæå ææã«ãšã€ãŠæ
ãéèŠãªæ§èœã®ïŒã€ã§ããåçæ床ã®å€§å¹ ãªäœäž
ããããããŠããŸããããææ©è€çŽ ç°ååç©ã®æ·»
å éãéå®ãããå®è³ªçã«ã«ããªãæããããšã
ã§ããªãã€ãã ãã®ããã«ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€
ã«ãã€ãŠåž¯é»é²æ¢æ§ãä»äžããåçæå ææã§ã«
ããªãæå¹ã«æããããšã¯èãããå°é£ã§ãã€
ãã æ¬çºæè ãã¯ãéææ€èšãéããçµæãããªãª
ãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ããã³ãã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©
ãçšããããšã«ãã€ãŠã垯é»é²æ¢æ§ãšã«ããªé²æ¢
æ§ãšãåæã«æ¹è¯ãããåçæå ææãåŸããã
ããšãèŠåºããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒã®ç®çã¯é«æž©äžã«ä¿åããŠãã«ã
ãªãçããããšã®ãªãè¯å¥œãªåçç»åãäžããã
ã€è¯å¥œã«åž¯é»é²æ¢ãããåçæå ææãæäŸãã
ããšã«ããã æ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒã®ç®çã¯ã奜ãŸããåçæ床ãæ
ããŠããããã€è¯å¥œã«åž¯é»é²æ¢ãããåçæå æ
æãæäŸããããšã«ããã æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»
æ§å€ããã³ïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãšãå
çæå ææã®æå æ§ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ä»ã®
芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«å«æããããããšã«ãã€ãŠé
æããããšãã§ããã ãã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©ã¯ãåçæ¥çã§å ã®ææ©è€çŽ ç°
ååç©ä»¥å€ã§ã«ããªãé²æ¢ããäœçšã®ããååç©
ãšããŠç¥ãããŠãããã®ã§ãäŸãã°ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
2448060å·ãå2472627å·ãå2472631å·ãå
2540086å·ãå2552229å·ãå2566263å·ãå
2598079å·ãå4092171å·ãªã©ã«é瀺ãããŠããã ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã§åž¯é»é²æ¢ã
ããåçæå ææã®ã«ããªé²æ¢ã«ãåçæ¥çã§æ
ãäžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããŠããææ©è€çŽ ç°ååç©ã§
ã¯ãå®è³ªçã«ã»ãšãã©ã«ããªé²æ¢ã®å¹æãèªãã
ããããã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©ã®ã¿ãç¹ç°çã«æ床ã垯é»
é²æ¢æ§ãªã©ã®æªåããšããªãããšãªãã«ããªé²æ¢
ã«èãããå¹æã瀺ããããšã¯å šãäºæ³å€ã®ããš
ã§ãã€ãã æŽã«æ¬çºæã«ãããŠããã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãçšã
ããšãã®åçæå ææã®åŠçäŸåæ§ãæ¹åããã
ãšãã§ãããããã§ãåŠçäŸåæ§ãšã¯ãäžå®ã®é²
å ããããåçæå ææã®åŠçæ¡ä»¶ãäŸãã°çŸå
枩床ã®å€åã«ããç»åæ¿åºŠïŒDmaxãªã©ïŒã®å€å
ãèšãããã®ããã«ãåŠçäŸåæ§ãæ¹åãããã
ãšã¯ãåŸãããåçæå ææã®å質ãå®å®åãã
ãããšã§éåžžã«æçšãªããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãšã
ãŠã¯ããªãã·ãšãã¬ã³åºãå°ãªããšãïŒå以äžã
奜ãŸããã¯ïŒã50åãæãããã®ã§ããã°çšãã
ããšãã§ããã ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãšããŠã¯ãç¹
ã«äžèšã®äžè¬åŒãâïŒãããâïŒãåã³ãâ
ïŒãã§è¡šããããçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã奜ãŸããã äžè¬åŒãâïŒã R1âïŒâCH2CH2OïŒâo1 åŒäžãR1ã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã30ã®çœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®
ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ã«ã±ãã«åºåã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã
ã¯ââåºãââåºãâCOOâåºã
ãåŒã
ãåŒãïŒããã§R14ã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååã
眮æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã瀺ããïŒãè¡šããã
R2ãR3ãR7ãR9ãR11åã³R13ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã眮
æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã¢
ã«ã³ãã·åºãããã²ã³ååãã¢ã·ã«åºãã¢ãã
åºãã¹ã«ãã³ã¢ããåºãã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºæãã¯ã¹
ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãè¡šãããåãåŒäžR6ãR8ãR10
åã³R12ã¯ã眮æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã
ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããã²ã³åºãã¢ã·ã«
åºãã¢ããåºãã¹ã«ãã³ã¢ããåºãã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«
åºæãã¯ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãè¡šããã R4åã³R5ã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååã眮æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æ
ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºãŸãã¯è€çŽ è³éŠç°ãè¡š
ããã R4ãšR5ãR6ãšR7ãR8ãšR9ãR10ãšR11åã³R12
ãšR13äºãã«é£çµããŠçœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ç°ã圢æ
ããŠããããn1ãn2ãn3åã³n4ã¯é žåãšãã¬ã³ã®
å¹³åéå床ã§ãã€ãŠïŒã50ã®æ°ã§ããã åãïœã¯å¹³åéå床ã§ãããïŒã50ã®æ°ã§ã
ãã äžè¬åŒãâïŒãããâïŒãããã³ãâïŒã
ã«ãããŠãR1ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ãççŽ æ°ïŒã24ã®ã¢
ã«ãã«åºãã¢ã«ã±ãã«åºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§
ãããç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ããã·ã«åºãããã·ã«åºã
ã€ãœã¹ãã¢ãªã«åºããªã¬ã€ã«åºãïœâããã«ããš
ãã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâããã«ããšãã«åºã
ïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâãã³ãã«ããšãã«åºãïœâãã
ã·ã«ããšãã«åºãïœâãã³ã¿ãã«ããšãã«åºãïœ
âãªã¯ãã«ããšãã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžããã«ããšã
ã«åºããªã¯ãã«ãããã«åºçã§ããã R2ãR3ãR6ãR7ãR8ãR9ãR10ãR11ãR12å
ã³R13ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¡ãã«ããšãã«ãïœâããã
ã«ãïœâããã«ãïœâã¢ãã«ãïœâããã·ã«ãïœ
âãªã¯ãã«ãããã«ããã·ã«ãããã·ã«ãããªã¯
ããã¡ãã«ãããªããã¢ã¡ãã«ãïŒâããšãã«ãš
ãã«ãïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãããã«çã®ççŽ æ°ïŒ
ã20ã®çœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãããšãã«
åºãïœâã¯ããããšãã«åºçã®çœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®
ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãâOR15ïŒããã§R15ã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®
眮æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºåã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãè¡š
ããã以äžåãã§ããïŒã§è¡šãããã眮æåã¯ç¡
眮æã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååçã®ã
ãã²ã³ååãâCOR15ã§è¡šããããã¢ã·ã«åºãâ
NR16COR15ïŒããã«R1ã¯æ°ŽçŽ åååã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
20ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šããã以äžåãïŒã§è¡šããã
ãã¢ããåºãâNR16SO2R15ã§è¡šããããã¹ã«ã
ã³ã¢ããåºã
æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã¢
ã«ã³ãã·åºãããã²ã³ååãã¢ã·ã«åºãã¢ãã
åºãã¹ã«ãã³ã¢ããåºãã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºæãã¯ã¹
ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãè¡šãããåãåŒäžR6ãR8ãR10
åã³R12ã¯ã眮æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºã
ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãããã²ã³åºãã¢ã·ã«
åºãã¢ããåºãã¹ã«ãã³ã¢ããåºãã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«
åºæãã¯ã¹ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºãè¡šããã R4åã³R5ã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååã眮æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æ
ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã¢ãªãŒã«åºãŸãã¯è€çŽ è³éŠç°ãè¡š
ããã R4ãšR5ãR6ãšR7ãR8ãšR9ãR10ãšR11åã³R12
ãšR13äºãã«é£çµããŠçœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ç°ã圢æ
ããŠããããn1ãn2ãn3åã³n4ã¯é žåãšãã¬ã³ã®
å¹³åéå床ã§ãã€ãŠïŒã50ã®æ°ã§ããã åãïœã¯å¹³åéå床ã§ãããïŒã50ã®æ°ã§ã
ãã äžè¬åŒãâïŒãããâïŒãããã³ãâïŒã
ã«ãããŠãR1ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ãççŽ æ°ïŒã24ã®ã¢
ã«ãã«åºãã¢ã«ã±ãã«åºãã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã§
ãããç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ããã·ã«åºãããã·ã«åºã
ã€ãœã¹ãã¢ãªã«åºããªã¬ã€ã«åºãïœâããã«ããš
ãã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâããã«ããšãã«åºã
ïŒïŒïŒâãžâïœâãã³ãã«ããšãã«åºãïœâãã
ã·ã«ããšãã«åºãïœâãã³ã¿ãã«ããšãã«åºãïœ
âãªã¯ãã«ããšãã«åºãïŒïŒïŒâãžããã«ããšã
ã«åºããªã¯ãã«ãããã«åºçã§ããã R2ãR3ãR6ãR7ãR8ãR9ãR10ãR11ãR12å
ã³R13ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¡ãã«ããšãã«ãïœâããã
ã«ãïœâããã«ãïœâã¢ãã«ãïœâããã·ã«ãïœ
âãªã¯ãã«ãããã«ããã·ã«ãããã·ã«ãããªã¯
ããã¡ãã«ãããªããã¢ã¡ãã«ãïŒâããšãã«ãš
ãã«ãïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãããã«çã®ççŽ æ°ïŒ
ã20ã®çœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãããšãã«
åºãïœâã¯ããããšãã«åºçã®çœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®
ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãâOR15ïŒããã§R15ã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã20ã®
眮æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºåã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãè¡š
ããã以äžåãã§ããïŒã§è¡šãããã眮æåã¯ç¡
眮æã®ã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ ååçã®ã
ãã²ã³ååãâCOR15ã§è¡šããããã¢ã·ã«åºãâ
NR16COR15ïŒããã«R1ã¯æ°ŽçŽ åååã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã
20ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãè¡šããã以äžåãïŒã§è¡šããã
ãã¢ããåºãâNR16SO2R15ã§è¡šããããã¹ã«ã
ã³ã¢ããåºã
ãåŒãã§è¡šããããã«ã«ã
ã¢ã€ã«åºãæãã¯
ãåŒãã§è¡šããããã¹
ã«ãã¢ã¢ã€ã«åºã§ãããåR2ãR3ãR7ãR9ã
R11ããã³R13ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã§ãã€ãŠãããããã
ãã®ãã¡R6ãR8ãR10ããã³R12ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¢
ã«ãã«åºåã¯ããã²ã³ååã§ãããç¹ã«å¥œãŸãã
ã¯ããé«ãïœâããã«åºãïœâã¢ãã«åºãïœâãª
ã¯ãã«åºçã®ïŒçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãããR7ãR9ã
R11ããã³R13ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã§ããã
ããªãã¡ãïŒïŒïŒâãžçœ®æããšããŒã«ããåæã
ããäžè¬åŒãâïŒãã®ååç©ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã R4ãR5ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¡ãã«åºã
ãšãã«åºãïœâãããã«åºãïœâãããã«åºãïœ
âãããã«åºãïŒâãšãã«ã¢ãã«åºãïœâãŠã³ã
ã·ã«åºãããªã¯ããã¡ãã«åºãããªããã¢ã¡ãã«
åºçã®çœ®æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãαâã
ãªã«åºãããšãã«åºããããã«åºãïœâã¯ããã
ãšãã«åºãïœâã¡ããã·ããšãã«åºãïœâããã
ããšãã«åºçã®çœ®æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åº
ã§ããã ãŸããR4ãšR5ãR6ãšR7ãR8ãšR9ãR10ãšR11å
ã³R12ãšR13ã¯äºãã«é£çµããŠçœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®
ç°ã圢æããŠããŠãè¯ããäŸãã°ã·ã¯ãããã·ã«
ç°ã§ããããããã®ãã¡ãR4ãšR5ã¯ç¹ã«å¥œãŸã
ãã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã
ãšãã«åºãããªã«åºã§ãããn1ãn2ãn3åã³n4ã¯
ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãïŒã30ã®æ°ã§ãããn3ãšn4ã¯å
ãã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠãè¯ãã ãŸããäžè¬åŒã®äžã§ã¯äžè¬åŒãâïŒãåã³
ãâïŒããç¹ã«äžè¬åŒãâïŒãã奜ãŸããçšã
ãããã 次ã«æ¬çºæããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã®
å ·äœäŸã瀺ãã ååç©äŸ âïŒ C11H23COOïŒâCH2CH2ïŒâ8H âïŒ C15H31COOïŒâCH2CH2OïŒâ15H âïŒ C17H33COOïŒâCH2CH2OïŒâ15H âïŒ C8H17OïŒâCH2CH2OïŒâ7H âïŒ C12H25OïŒâCH2CH2OïŒâ10H âïŒ C16H33OïŒâCH2CH2OïŒâ12H æ¬çºæã«çšããããããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢
掻æ§å€ã¯ãäžã«æããå ·äœäŸä»¥å€ã«ãäžèšã®ç¹èš±
æ现æžçã«èšèŒããããã®ãçšããããšãã§ã
ãã äŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2982651å·ãå3428456å·ãå
3457076å·ãå3454625å·ãå3552972å·ãå
3655387å·ãç¹å ¬æ51â9610å·ãç¹éæ53â29715
å·ãç¹éæ54â89626å·ãç¹é¡æ57â85764å·ãç¹
é¡æ57â90909å·ãå å£åèãæ°çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãïŒäž
å ±åºç1975幎ïŒçã§ããã æ¬çºæã«çšãããããã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©ã®ãã¡ãïŒ
䟡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãšããŠã¯ãäžèšã®äžè¬åŒã
âïŒããŸãã¯ãâïŒãã§è¡šããããã®ã奜ãŸã
ãããŸããïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãšããŠã¯ãäžè¬
åŒãâïŒããŸãã¯ãâïŒãã§è¡šããããã®ã
奜ãŸããã åŒäžM1ãM2ã¯ã«ããªã³ã§ãã€ãŠãæ°ŽçŽ ã€ãª
ã³ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³ãã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã€ãª
ã³åã¯ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã€ãªã³ãè¡šãããX1ãX2ã¯
ã¢ããªã³ã§ãã€ãŠãããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ãç¡é žã€ãª
ã³ãç¡«é žã€ãªã³ãç¡«é žæ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³ããªã³é žã€ãª
ã³ããªã³é žïŒæ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³ããªã³é žïŒæ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³ã
æ°Žé žã€ãªã³ãå¡©çŽ é žã€ãªã³ãåã¯éå¡©çŽ é žã€ãªã³
ãè¡šãããL1ãL20ã¯é äœåã§ãã€ãŠãæ°Žãæ°Žé ž
ã€ãªã³ãããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ãã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ãç¡é žã€ãª
ã³ãããªã·ã¢ã³ã€ãªã³ãã·ã¢ã³ã€ãªã³ãç¡«é žã€ãª
ã³ãçé žã€ãªã³åã¯ãªããœã€ãªã³ãè¡šããã P1ãP2ãq1ãq2ãq3ãq4ãr1ããã³r2ã¯æ£ã®æŽ
æ°ã§ãã€ãŠïŒãïŒãïŒåã¯ïŒãè¡šãããåãP1ã
P2ãr1ããã³r2ã¯ïŒã§ãã€ãŠãããã äžè¬åŒãâïŒãããâïŒãããâïŒãããã³
ãâïŒãã«ãããŠãM1ããã³M2ã¯ã奜ãŸãã
ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³ãã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ã€ãªã³ã§ãããæŽã«å¥œãŸããã¯æ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³ã§ã
ããX1ããã³X2ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã
ç¡é žã€ãªã³ãéå¡©çŽ é žã€ãªã³ã§ãããL1ãL20ã¯
奜ãŸããã¯æ°Žãæ°Žé žã€ãªã³ãããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ãã¢
ã³ã¢ãã¢ãããªã·ã¢ã³ã€ãªã³ã§ãããæŽã«å¥œãŸã
ãã¯ããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã§ãããP1ãP2ãq1ãq2ã
q3ãq4ãr1ããã³r2ã¯æ£ã®æŽæ°ã§ãããé¯å¡©ã®è·
é»ãïŒã«ããããã«èšãããæ°ã§ãã€ãŠäžèšäžè¬
åŒã«ãããŠãM1ãM2ãX1ãX2ãL1ãL20ãæå®
ããããšäžçŸ©çã«æ±ºãããããåãP1ãP2ãr1ã
ãã³r2ã¯ïŒã§ãã€ãŠãããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããïŒäŸ¡ãŸãã¯ãïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠ
ã ã®é¯å¡©ã¯ãäŸãã°ååŠå€§èŸå žç·šéå§å¡äŒç·šãå
åŠå€§èŸå žãïŒå·»169ããŒãžïŒå ±ç«åºçåã1964
幎ïŒãäžéæ¯å¹³èãå ¥éãã¬ãŒãååŠãïŒåæ±å
åã1969幎ïŒãP.M.ãã€ããªã¹ïŒP.M.MaitlisïŒ
èãã¶ã»ãªãŒã¬ããã¯ã±ãã¹ããªãŒã»ãªãã»ãã©
ãžãŠã ïŒThe Organic Chemistry of
PalladiumïŒãã¢ã«ãããã¯ã»ãã¬ã¹ïŒAcademic
PressïŒåïŒ1971幎ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠãããã®ãçš
ããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ïŒäŸ¡ãŸãã¯ãïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ã®
å ·äœäŸã以äžã«ç€ºãã ååç©äŸ âïŒ Na2ãPdCl4ã âïŒ H2ãPdCl4ã âïŒ CaãPdCl4ã âïŒ H2ãPdBr4ã âïŒ K2ãPdBr4ã âïŒ BaãPdBr4ã âïŒ ãPdïŒNH3ïŒ4ãCl2 âïŒ ãPdïŒNH3ïŒ4ãïŒClO4ïŒ2 âïŒ ãPdïŒNH3ïŒ4ãïŒNO3ïŒ2 â10 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2Cl2 â11 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2ïŒOHïŒ2 â12 Na2ãPdCl6ã â13 H2ãPdBr6ã â14 ïŒNH4ïŒ2ãPdCl6ã â15 ïŒNH4ïŒ2ãPdCl4ã â16 K2ãPdCl6ã â17 K2ãPdBr6ã â18 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2Br2 â19 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2I2 â20 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2SO4 â21 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2CO3 â22 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2ïŒNO3ïŒ2 â23 K2ãPdïŒCNSïŒ4ã â24 K2ãPdïŒNO3ïŒ4ã â25 ïŒNH4ïŒ2ãPdïŒNO3ïŒ4ã â26 ïŒNH4ïŒ2ãPdBr2ïŒNO3ïŒ4ã æ¬çºæã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã¯ã
䜿çšããåçæå ææã®çš®é¡ã圢æ åã¯å¡åžæ¹åŒ
çã«ãããã®äœ¿çšéã¯ç°ãªãããäžè¬ã«ã¯ãã®äœ¿
çšéã¯åçæå ææã®ïŒm2åœãïŒã500mgã§ããã
ç¹ã«20ã200mgã奜ãŸããã åãæ¬çºæã®ïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ã®
䜿çšéã¯äœ¿çšããåçæå ææã®æå æ§ããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€ã®çš®é¡ã«ãã€ãŠç°ãªãããäžè¬ã«ã¯ãé
ïŒã¢ã«åœã10-9ã10-2ã¢ã«ã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒ
Ã10-7ãïŒÃ10-3ã¢ã«ã§ããæŽã«å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒÃ
10-6ãïŒÃ10-4ã¢ã«ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå
çæå ææã®å±€äžã«é©çšããæ¹æ³ã¯ãæ°Žæãã¯ã¡
ã¿ããŒã«ããšã¿ããŒã«ãã¢ã»ãã³çã®ææ©æº¶å€å
ã¯æ°Žãšåèšææ©æº¶åªã®æ··å溶åªã«æº¶è§£ããã®ã¡ã
æ¯æäœäžã®æå æ§ä¹³å€å±€ãéæå æ§ã®ä»ã®å±€ïŒäŸ
ãã°ããããã³ã°å±€ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢å±€ãäžé
å±€ãä¿è·å±€çïŒäžã«å«æãããããåã¯æ¯æäœã®
è¡šé¢ã«åŽé§ãå¡åžãããã¯ã該溶液äžã«æµžæŒ¬ããŠ
也ç¥ããã°ããã æ¬çºæã®ïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ã¯å
çæå ææã®æå æ§ä¹³å€å±€ã«æ·»å ããã®ã奜ãŸã
ããéæå æ§ã®ä»ã®å±€ã«æ·»å ããŠããããããã
ãã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©ããããã®å±€ã«æ·»å ããã«ã¯ãå±€
ã圢æããããã®å¡åžæ¶²äžã«ããããã®ååç©
ãããã®ãŸãŸã®ç¶æ ã§ãæãã¯æ°Žåã¯äžèšææ©æº¶
åªãæãã¯æ°Žãšäžèšææ©æº¶åªã®æ··å溶åªã«æº¶è§£ã
ãã®ã¡æ·»å ããŠããæãã¯ããã©ãžãŠã å¡©ïŒäŸã
ã°ããã²ã³åç©ãªã©ïŒã®é žæ§æº¶æ¶²ãšããŠæ·»å ãã
該å¡åžæ¶²ãå¡åžã»ä¹Ÿç¥ããã°ããã ãŸããä¹³å€å±€ã«æ·»å ããå Žåã¯ãä¹³å€ã®è£œé å·¥
çšäžïŒååŠçæå·¥çšãªã©ïŒãå·¥çšçµäºåŸã«ä¹³å€ã«
æ·»å ããŠããããç¹ã«ä¹³å€è£œé åŸãå¡åžçŽåã«æ·»
å ããããšã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãšæ¬
çºæã®ïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ã¯åçæå
ææäžã®åäžã®å±€ã«å«æãããŠããããåç°ãªã
å±€ã«å«æãããŠããããåãæ¬çºæã®ãããã®å
åç©ãè€æ°ã®å±€ã«å«æãããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã«çšããããåçä¹³å€äž
ã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãç«æ¹äœãå «é¢äœã®ãããª
èŠåçïŒregularïŒãªçµæ¶äœãæãããã®ã§ãã
ãããŸãçç¶ãæ¿ç¶ãªã©ã®ãããªå€åç
ïŒirregularïŒãªçµæ¶åœ¢ããã€ãã®ããããã¯ãã
ãã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®è€å圢ããã€ãã®ã§ããããçš®ã ã®
çµæ¶åœ¢ã®ç²åã®æ··åããæã€ãŠãããã ãããã®åçä¹³å€ã¯P.GlafkidesèChimie et
Physique PhotographiqueïŒPaul Montel瀟åã
1967幎ïŒãG.F.DuffinèPhotographic Emulsion
ChemistryïŒThe Focal Pressåã1966幎ïŒãV.L.
Zelikman et alèMaking and Coating
Photographic EmulsionïŒThe Focal Pressåã
1964幎ïŒãªã©ã«èšèŒãããæ¹æ³ãçšããŠèª¿è£œãã
ããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ãé žæ§æ³ãäžæ§æ³ãã¢ã³
ã¢ãã¢æ³çã®ãããã§ãããããŸãå¯æº¶æ§éå¡©ãš
å¯æº¶æ§ããã²ã³å¡©ãåå¿ããã圢åŒãšããŠã¯çåŽ
æ··åæ³ãåææ··åæ³ããããã®çµåããªã©ã®ãã
ããçšããŠãããã ããã²ã³åéç²å圢æãŸãã¯ç©ççæã®æ®µéã«
ãããŠã«ãããŠã å¡©ãäºéå¡©ãéå¡©ãã¿ãªãŠã
å¡©ãã€ãªãžãŠã å¡©ããŸãã¯ãã®é¯å¡©ãããžãŠã å¡©
ãŸãã¯ãã®é¯å¡©ãéå¡©ãŸãã¯ãã®é¯å¡©ãªã©ãå ±å
ãããŠãããã åçå±€ã®ãã€ã³ããŒãšããŠã¯ãŒã©ãã³ãã«ãŒã€
ã³ãªã©ã®èçœè³ªïŒã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ã
ããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹çã®ã»ã«ããŒã¹åå
ç©ïŒå¯å€©ãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãœãŒããã§ãã·ãèªå°äœç
ã®ç³èªå°äœïŒåæ芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãäŸãã°ããªãã
ã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãããªââããã«ãããªãã³ãã
ãªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žå ±éåäœãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããŸã
ã¯ãããã®èªå°äœããã³éšåå æ°Žå解ç©çã䜿çš
ããããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã«èšããŒã©ãã³ã¯ããããç³ç°åŠçãŒã©ã
ã³ãé žåŠçãŒã©ãã³ããã³é µçŽ åŠçãŒã©ãã³ãæ
ãã åãæ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã¯ãåçæ§æå±€äžã«
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3411911å·ãå3411912å·ãç¹å ¬æ45â
5331å·çã«èšèŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãç³»ã©ãã
ã¯ã¹ãå«ãããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ãååŠå¢æãè¡ãªããªã
ã§ãããããæªåŸçïŒPrimitiveïŒä¹³å€ã®ãŸãŸçš
ããããšãã§ããããéåžžã¯ååŠå¢æããããå
åŠå¢æã®ããã«ã¯ãåèšGlafkidesãŸãã¯
Zelikmanãã®èæžãããã¯H.Frieserç·šãã»ã°ã«
ã³ãã©ãŒã²ã³ã»ãã«ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ã·ãšã³Die
Grundlagen der Photographischenããããš
ã»ã»ããã»ãžã«ãã«ããã²ããŒãã³Prozesse
mit SilberhalogenidenïŒAkademische
VerlagsgesellschaftïŒ1968ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ãçš
ããããšãã§ããã ããªãã¡ãéã€ãªã³ãšåå¿ãåŸãç¡«é»ãå«ãå
åç©ã掻æ§ãŒã©ãã³ãçšããç¡«é»å¢ææ³ãéå æ§
ç©è³ªãçšããéå å¢ææ³ãéãã®ä»ã®è²Žéå±åå
ç©ãçšãã貎éå±å¢ææ³ãªã©ãåç¬ãŸãã¯çµåã
ãŠçšããããšãã§ãããç¡«é»å¢æå€ãšããŠã¯ãã
ãªç¡«é žå¡©ãããªå°¿çŽ é¡ããã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãããŒãã
ã³é¡ããã®ä»ã®ååç©ãçšããããšãã§ãããã
ãã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±1574944å·ã2410689å·ã
2278947å·ã2728668å·ã3656955å·ã«èšèŒãããŠ
ãããéå å¢æå€ãšããŠã¯ç¬¬äžããå¡©ãã¢ãã³
å¡©ãããã©ãžã³èªå°äœããã«ã ã¢ããžã³ã¹ã«ãã€
ã³é žãã·ã©ã³ååç©ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ããã
ããã®å ·äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2487850å·ã2419974å·ã
2518698å·ã2983609å·ã2983610å·ã2694637å·ã«
èšèŒãããŠããã貎éå±å¢æã®ããã«ã¯éé¯å¡©ã®
ã»ããçœéãã€ãªãžãŠã ããã©ãžãŠã çã®åšæåŸ
è¡šæã®éå±ã®é¯å¡©ãçšããããšãã§ãããã®å ·
äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2399083å·ã2448060å·ãè±åœç¹èš±
618061å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã«ã¯å®å®å€ãšããŠçš®ã ã®åå
ç©ãå«æãããããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ã¢ãŸãŒã«
é¡ããšãã°ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã å¡©ããããã€ã³ã
ãŸãŒã«é¡ãããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«
é¡ããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«é¡ïŒç¹ã«ãããâãŸãã¯
ããã²ã³çœ®æäœïŒïŒãããç°ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©é¡
ããšãã°ã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ããã
ã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒ
ã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãã
ããã©ãŸãŒã«é¡ïŒç¹ã«ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâã¡ã«ã«
ããããã©ãŸãŒã«ïŒãã¡ã«ã«ããããªãžã³é¡ïŒã«
ã«ããã·ã«åºãã¹ã«ãã³åºãªã©ã®æ°Žæº¶æ§åºãæã
ãäžèšã®ãããç°ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©é¡ïŒããªã±ã
ååç©ããšãã°ãªããµãŸãªã³ããªã³ïŒã¢ã¶ã€ã³ã
ã³é¡ããšãã°ããã©ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒïŒç¹ã«ïŒâ
ããããã·çœ®æïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ3aïŒïŒïŒããã©ã¢ã¶
ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒïŒãã³ãŒã³ããªã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ïŒãã³
ãŒã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žïŒãªã©ã®ãããªå®å®å€ãšããŠç¥
ãããå€ãã®ååç©ãå ããããšãã§ããã ãããã®æŽã«è©³ããå ·äœäŸåã³ãã®äœ¿çšæ¹æ³ã«
ã€ããŠã¯ãããšãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3954474å·ãå第
3982947å·ãå第4021248å·åæ现æžãŸãã¯ç¹å ¬æ
52â28660å·å ¬å ±ã®èšèŒãåèã«ã§ããã 硬èå€ãšããŠã¯ã ã³ã¯ãã«é žãã ã³ããã é žã
ã ã³ããšããã·ã¯ãã«é žãã ã³ããšããã·ããã
é žããã«ã ã¢ã«ãããããžã¡ãããŒã«å°¿çŽ ãããª
ã¡ãããŒã«ã¡ã©ãã³ãã°ãªãªãã¶ãŒã«ãã¢ãã¡ã
ã«ã°ãªãªãã¶ãŒã«ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã·âïŒïŒ
ïŒâãžãªããµã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã·âïŒâã¡
ãã«âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªããµã³ããµã¯ã·ã³ã¢ã«ãã
ããïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ããã·ããã©ããããã©ã³ãã°
ã«ã¿ã«ã¢ã«ãããã®åŠãã¢ã«ãããç³»ååç©ïŒãž
ããã«ã¹ã«ãã³ãã¡ãã¬ã³ãã¹ãã¬ã€ãããïŒâ
ã¢ã»ãã«âïŒïŒïŒâãžã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«âãããµãã
ãâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ã¯ãªã
ã€ã«âãããµãããâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªããã«ã¹ã«ããã«âãããµãããâïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³ãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒãšãŒ
ãã«ãïŒïŒïŒâãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒ
ãããããŒã«âïŒããã¹ïŒÎ±âããã«ã¹ã«ããã«
ã¢ã»ãã¢ããïŒãšã¿ã³ã®åŠã掻æ§ããã«ç³»åå
ç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒâããããã·âïœâã
ãªã¢ãžã³ã»ãããªãŠã å¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒ
âã¡ããã·âïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã
âïŒâïŒïŒâã¹ã«ãã¢ããªãïŒâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ã»
ãããªãŠã å¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒâïŒïŒâã¹
ã«ããšãã«ã¢ããïŒâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒNâ²â
ãã¹ïŒïŒâã¯ãããšãã«ã«ã«ããã«ïŒããã©ãžã³
ã®åŠã掻æ§ããã²ã³ç³»ååç©ïŒãã¹ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãš
ããã·ãããã«ïŒã¡ãã«ãããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã»
ïœâãã«ãšã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãã¹ïŒ2â²ïŒ
3â²âãšããã·ãããã«ãªãã·ïŒãã¿ã³ãïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã°ãªã·ãžã«ã€ãœã·ã¢ãã¬ãŒããïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžã°ãªã·ãžã«âïŒâïŒÎ³âã¢ã»ããã·âβâãªã
ã·ãããã«ïŒã€ãœã·ã¢ãã¬ãŒãã®åŠããšããã·ç³»
ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªãšãã¬ã³ã€ããâïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãããµã¡ãã¬ã³âïŒ
Nâ²âãã¹ãšãã¬ã³å°¿çŽ ããã¹âβâãšãã¬ã³ã€
ãããšãã«ããªãšãŒãã«ã®åŠããšãã¬ã³ã€ãã³ç³»
ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžïŒã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ãªãã·ïŒãš
ã¿ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžïŒã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ãªãã·ïŒãã¿
ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžïŒã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ãªãã·ïŒãã³ã¿
ã³ã®åŠãã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žãšã¹ãã«ç³»ååç©ïŒã
ãã«ãã«ã«ããžã€ããç³»ååç©ïŒã€ãœãªããµãŸãŒ
ã«ç³»ååç©ïŒåã³ã¯ãã æãã³ã®åŠãç¡æ©ç³»åå
ç©ãæããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ãŸãã¯ä»ã®æ§æ
å±€ã«ã¯å¡åžå©å€ã垯é»é²æ¢ãã¹ããªæ§æ¹è¯ãä¹³å
åæ£ãæ¥çé²æ¢ããã³åçç¹æ§æ¹è¯ïŒããšãã°çŸ
åä¿é²ã硬調åãå¢æïŒãªã©çš®ã ã®ç®çã§æ¬çºæ
以å€ã®çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå«ãã§ãããã ããšãã°ãµããã³ïŒã¹ããã€ãç³»ïŒãã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªããµã€ãèªå°äœïŒäŸãã°ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒããªãããã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çž®åç©ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãŸãã¯ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢
ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãœã«ã
ã¿ã³ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ã¢ãããŸãã¯ã¢ããé¡ãã·ãªã³ãŒã³ã®ããªãš
ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãä»å ç©é¡ïŒãã°ãªã·ããŒã«èªå°
äœïŒããšãã°ã¢ã«ã±ãã«ã³ãã¯é žããªã°ãªã»ãª
ããã¢ã«ãã«ããšããŒã«ããªã°ãªã»ãªãïŒãå€äŸ¡
ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®èèªé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãç³ã®ã¢ã«ãã«ãš
ã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®éã€ãªã³æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢ã«ãã«
ã«ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ã
ã«ãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ããã¿ã¬ã³
ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«
ãã«ãªã³é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãâã¢ã·ã«ââã¢ã«ã
ã«ã¿ãŠãªã³é žãã¹ã«ãã³ãã¯é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¹ã«
ãã¢ã«ãã«ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ããšãã«
ãšãŒãã«é¡ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ãªã³é ž
ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®ãããªã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ã
åºããã¹ãåºãç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«åºãçé žãšã¹ãã«åº
çã®é žæ§åºãå«ãã¢ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢ããé ž
é¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ã
ã«ç¡«é žãŸãã¯çé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¿ã€ã³
é¡ãã¢ãã³ãªãã·ãé¡ãªã©ã®äž¡æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢
ã«ãã«ã¢ãã³å¡©é¡ãèèªæãããã¯è³éŠæ第ïŒçŽ
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããªãžããŠã ãã€ãããŸãªãŠ
ã ãªã©ã®è€çŽ ç°ç¬¬ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããã³
èèªæãŸãã¯è€çŽ ç°ãå«ããã¹ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ã¹
ã«ãããŠã å¡©é¡ãªã©ã®ã«ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãçšã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã¯ãã¡ãã³è²çŽ é¡ãã®ä»ã«ã
ã€ãŠåå å¢æãããŠãããçšããããè²çŽ ã«ã¯ã
ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãè€åã·ã¢ãã³
è²çŽ ãè€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãããããŒã©ãŒã·ã¢
ãã³è²çŽ ãããã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¹ããªã«è²çŽ ãã
ãã³ãããªããœããŒã«è²çŽ ãå å«ããããç¹ã«æ
çšãªè²çŽ ã¯ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã
ã³è€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ã«å±ããè²çŽ ã§ãããã
ããã®è²çŽ é¡ã«ã¯å¡©åºæ§ç°ç¯ç°æ žãšããŠã·ã¢ãã³
è²çŽ é¡ã«éåžžå©çšãããæ žã®ãããããé©çšã§ã
ããããªãã¡ããããªã³æ žããªããµãŸãªã³æ žãã
ã¢ãŸãªã³æ žããããŒã«æ žããªããµãŸãŒã«æ žããã¢
ãŸãŒã«æ žãã»ã¬ããŸãŒã«æ žãã€ãããŸãŒã«æ žãã
ãã©ãŸãŒã«æ žãããªãžã³æ žãªã©ïŒãããã®æ žã«è
ç°åŒçåæ°ŽçŽ ç°ãèåããæ žïŒããã³ãããã®æ ž
ã«è³éŠæçåæ°ŽçŽ ç°ãèåããæ žãããªãã¡ãã€
ã³ãã¬ãã³æ žããã³ãºã€ã³ãã¬ãã³æ žãã€ã³ããŒ
ã«æ žããã³ãºãªããµãŸãŒã«æ žãããããªããµãŸãŒ
ã«æ žããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«æ žãããããã¢ãŸãŒã«
æ žããã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸãŒã«æ žããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«
æ žããããªã³æ žãªã©ãé©çšã§ããããããã®æ žã¯
ççŽ ååäžã«çœ®æãããŠããŠãããã ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãŸãã¯è€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ
ã«ã¯ã±ãã¡ãã¬ã³æ§é ãæããæ žãšããŠããã©ãŸ
ãªã³âïŒâãªã³æ žãããªããã³ãã€ã³æ žãïŒâã
ãªãªããµãŸãªãžã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³æ žããã¢ãŸãª
ãžã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³æ žãããŒããã³æ žãããªã
ã«ãããŒã«é žæ žãªã©ã®ïŒãïŒå¡ç°ç¯ç°æ žãé©çšã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã«ã¯è²å圢æã«ãã©ãŒãããª
ãã¡è³éŠæã¢ãã³ïŒé垞第äžçŽã¢ãã³ïŒçŸåäž»è¬
ã®é žåçæç©ãšåå¿ããŠè²çŽ ã圢æããååç©
ïŒä»¥äžã«ãã©ãŒãšç¥èšããïŒãå«ãã§ããããã«
ãã©ãŒã¯ååäžã«ãã©ã¹ãåºãšãã°ããçæ°Žåºã
æããéæ¡æ£æ§ã®ãã®ãæãŸãããã«ãã©ãŒã¯é
ã€ãªã³ã«å¯ŸãïŒåœéæ§ãããã¯ïŒåœéæ§ã®ã©ã¡ã
ã§ãããããŸãè²è£æ£ã®å¹æããã€ã«ã©ãŒãã«ã
ã©ãŒããããã¯çŸåã«ãšããªã€ãŠçŸåæå¶å€ãæŸ
åºããã«ãã©ãŒïŒããããDIRã«ãã©ãŒïŒãå«ã
ã§ããããã«ãã©ãŒã¯ã«ãããªã³ã°åå¿ã®çæç©
ãç¡è²ã§ãããããªã«ãã©ãŒã§ãããã é»è²çºè²ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠã¯å ¬ç¥ã®ééã±ãã¡ã
ã¬ã³ç³»ã«ãã©ãŒãçšããããšãã§ããããããã®
ãã¡ãã³ãŸã€ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãç³»åã³ãããã€ã«
ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãç³»ååç©ã«æå©ã§ããã ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠã¯ãã©ãŸãã³ååç©ã
ã€ã³ããŸãã³ç³»ååç©ãã·ã¢ãã¢ã»ãã«ååç©ãª
ã©ãçšããããšãã§ããç¹ã«ãã©ãŸãã³ç³»ååç©
ã¯æå©ã§ããã ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠã¯ããšããŒã«ç³»ååç©ã
ããããŒã«ç³»ååç©ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã«ãããŠãããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€å±€ã¯ãæ¯æäœäžã®çé¢ã ãã§ãªãäž¡é¢ã«èšã
ãããŠããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®ä¿è·å±€
ã¯ã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ããããªãå±€ã§ããã䜿çšãã
ã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ããšããŠã¯åè¿°ãããã®ãçšãã
ããããŸããä¿è·å±€ã¯ãåå±€ã§ãã€ãŠãéå±€ãšãª
ã€ãŠããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®ä¹³å€å±€å
ã¯ä¿è·å±€äžã«ã奜ãŸããã¯ãä¿è·å±€äžã«ã¯ããã
å€åã³ïŒåã¯å¹³æ»å€ãªã©ãæ·»å ããŠãããããã
ãå€ã®äŸãšããŠã¯é©åœãªç²åŸïŒç²åŸ0.3ã5ÎŒã®ã
ã®ãŸãã¯ãä¿è·å±€ã®åå³ã®ïŒå以äžãç¹ã«ïŒå以
äžã®ãã®ã奜ãŸããïŒã®ããªã¡ãã«ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬
ãŒããªã©ã®ããšãæ°Žåæ£æ§ããã«éåäœã®ããšã
ææ©ååç©åã¯ããã²ã³åéãç¡«é žã¹ããã³ããŠ
ãŒã ããªãŠã ãªã©ã®ããšãç¡æ©ååç©ãªã©ã奜ãŸ
ããçšãããããå¹³æ»å€ã¯ãããå€ãšé¡äŒŒããæ¥
çæ éé²æ¢ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ä»ãç¹ã«æ ç»çšãã€ã«ã ã®æ®
圱æãããã¯æ åæã®ã«ã¡ã©é©åæ§ã«é¢ä¿ããæ©
æŠç¹æ§ã®æ¹è¯ã«æå¹ã§ãããå ·äœçãªäŸãšããŠã¯
æµåãã©ãã€ã³ãé«çŽèèªé žã®ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®
ããšãã¯ãã¯ã¹é¡ãããªããçŽ åçåæ°ŽçŽ é¡ãã
ãã¯ãã®èªå°äœãããªã¢ã«ãã«ããªã·ãããµã³ã
ããªã¢ãªãŒãããªã·ãããµã³ãããªã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãª
ãŒã«ããªã·ãããµã³ããããã¯ãããã®ã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªããµã€ãä»å èªå°äœã®ããšãã·ãªã³ãŒã³é¡ãª
ã©ã奜ãŸããçšããããã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã«ã¯ãä»
ã«ãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠãã¢ã³ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³å±€ãäžé
å±€ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ããªã©ãèšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ãçšããããã²
ã³åéåçæå ææãšããŠã¯ãå ·äœçã«ã¯ã
Xrayæå ææããªã¹æå ææãé»çœæ®åœ±æå æ
æãã«ã©ãŒãã¬æå ææãã«ã©ãŒå転æå ææã
ã«ã©ãŒå°ç»çŽãªã©ãæããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã«ã¯ããã®ä»å¿ èŠã«å¿ã
ãŠçš®ã ã®æ·»å å€ãçšããããšãã§ãããäŸãã°ã
ææãçŸåä¿é²å€ãè¢å å¢çœå€ãè²ã«ããªé²æ¢
å€ã玫å€ç·åžåå€ããªã©ã§ãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ããª
ãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒRESEARCH
DISCLOSUREïŒ176å·ç¬¬28ã30é ïŒRDâ17643ã
1978幎ïŒã«èšèŒããããã®ãçšããããšãã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã¯åçæå ææã«éåžžçšãã
ããŠãããã©ã¹ããã¯ãã€ã«ã ãçŽãåžãªã©ã®å¯
ææ§æ¯æäœãŸãã¯ã¬ã©ã¹ãé¶åšãéå±ãªã©ã®åæ§
ã®æ¯æäœã«ãã€ããå¡åžæ³ãããŒã©ãŒå¡åžæ³ãã«
ãŒãã³å¡åžæ³ãæŒåºå¡åžæ³ãªã©ã«ããå¡åžãã
ããå¯ææ§æ¯æäœãšããŠæçšãªãã®ã¯ãç¡é žã»ã«
ããŒã¹ãé ¢é žã»ã«ããŒã¹ãé ¢é žé ªé žã»ã«ããŒã¹ã
ããªã¹ãã¬ã³ãããªå¡©åããã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã
ã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒããããªã«ãŒãããŒãçã®ååæãŸã
ã¯åæé«ååããæããã€ã«ã ããã©ã€ã¿å±€ãŸã
ã¯Î±âãªã¬ãã€ã³ããªããŒïŒäŸãã°ããªãšãã¬
ã³ãããªãããã¬ã³ããšãã¬ã³ïŒããã³å ±éå
äœïŒçãå¡åžãŸãã¯ã©ãããŒãããçŽçã§ããã 以äžã«å®æœäŸãæããŠæ¬çºæãäŸèšŒããããæ¬
çºæã¯ããã«éå®ããããã®ã§ãªãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ (1) è©Šæã®èª¿è£œïŒ äžå¡ããæœããåã180ÎŒã®ããªãšãã¬ã³ãã¬
ãã¿ã¬ãŒããã€ã«ã æ¯æäœã®äžã«ãäžèšçµæã®ã
ãã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãå¡åžããæŽã«ãã®äžã«äžèšçµ
æã®ä¿è·å±€ãå¡åžãã也ç¥ããŠçœé»ããã²ã³åé
æå ææã調補ãããä¿è·å±€ã«ã¯æ¬çºæã®ããªãª
ãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ããä¹³å€å±€ã«ã¯ããã©
ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãæ·»å ããã ïŒä¹³å€å±€ïŒ åãïŒçŽ5ÎŒ çµæåã³å¡åžé ãŒã©ãã³ 2.5ïœïŒm2 æ²èåéïŒæ²åé2.0ã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒ ïŒïœïŒm2 ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ïŒâïŒïŒãŸãã¯æ¯èŒååç©
第ïŒè¡šåç § ïŒä¿è·å±€ïŒ åãïŒçŽ1ÎŒ çµæåã³å¡åžé ãŒã©ãã³ 1.7ïœïŒm2 ïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã«âïŒâããããã·âïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã¢ãžã³ãããªãŠã å¡© 10mgïŒm2 âãªã¬ã€ã«ââã¡ãã«ã¿ãŠãªã³é žãããªãŠ
ã ïŒmgïŒm2 æ¬çºæã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒç¬¬
ïŒè¡šåç §ïŒ 40mgïŒm2 (2) 垯é»é²æ¢èœã®å€å®æ³ïŒ 垯é»é²æ¢èœã¯è¡šé¢æµæçåã³ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯
çºçã®æž¬å®ã«ãã€ãŠå®ãããè¡šé¢æµæçã¯è©Šæ
ã®è©Šéšçãé»æ¥µéé0.14cmãé·ã10cmã®çé®è£œé»
極ïŒè©Šéšçãšæ¥ããéšåã¯ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹äœ¿çšïŒã«æŸ
ãã¿ãæŠç°çç 補絶çžèšTR8651åã§ïŒåå€ã枬
å®ãããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯çºçè©Šéšã¯ããŽã ã·
ãŒãäžã«æªé²å æå ææã®åž¯é»é²æ¢å€ãå«ãè¡šé¢
ãäžåãã«ããŠãäžãããŽã ããŒã©ãŒã§å§çåŸã
å¥é¢ããããšã«ããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãçºçãã
ãæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãã å枬å®æ¡ä»¶ã¯ãè¡šé¢äœæçã¯ã25âã25ïŒ RH
ã§æž¬å®ããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯çºçè©Šéšã¯ã25âã
25ïŒ RHã§è¡ãããªããè©Šæã®è©Šéšçã®èª¿æ¹¿ã¯å
èšæ¡ä»¶ã§äžæŒå€è¡ãªã€ãã ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®çºçã®çšåºŠãè©äŸ¡ãããã
ã«ãåãµã³ãã«ã次ã®çµæã®çŸå液ãçšããŠ20â
ã§ïŒåéçŸåããã çŸå液çµæ âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ç¡«é žå¡© ïŒïœ ç¡æ°Žäºç¡«é žãœãŒã 60ïœ ãã€ããããã³ 10ïœ çé žãœãŒãïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 53ïœ èåã«ãª 25ïœ æ°Žãå ããŠïŒãšããã ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®è©äŸ¡ã¯æ¬¡ã®ïŒæ®µéã®èŠæºã«
åŸã€ãã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®çºçãèªããããªãã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãå°ãçºçããã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãçžåœçºçããã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãèããçºçããã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãå šé¢ã«çºçããã (3) ã«ããªé²æ¢èœå€å®æ³ (1)ã§èª¿è£œãããè©Šæã 50âã60ïŒ RHã§10æ¥éæŸçœ®ããåŸïŒžã¬ã€ãã€ã«
ã çšçŸå液RDïŒå¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã (æ ª)補ïŒãçš
ãããŒã©ãŒæ¬éåèªåçŸåæ©å¯å£«RNïŒå¯å£«åç
ãã€ã«ã (æ ª)補ïŒã«ãã35â25ç§éçŸåãè¡ãªã次
ãã§å®çãæ°ŽæŽã也ç¥ããŠæªé²å éšã®å åŠæ¿åºŠ
ïŒDmïŒã枬å®ããã äžæ¹ã垞枩垞湿ã§10æ¥éæŸçœ®åŸåæ§ã«çŸååŠç
ããŠæªé²å éšã®å åŠæ¿åºŠïŒDm0ïŒã枬å®ããã DmâDm0ã§ãã€ãŠé«æž©ä¿åã«ããã«ããªã®äž
æå€ïŒâ³fogïŒãšããã åŸãããçµæã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºããã ãªããæ¯èŒååç©ã®æ·»å éã¯ãæ床ãäžããã
ãšã®ãªãæ倧å€ãšããã
R11ããã³R13ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã§ãã€ãŠãããããã
ãã®ãã¡R6ãR8ãR10ããã³R12ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¢
ã«ãã«åºåã¯ããã²ã³ååã§ãããç¹ã«å¥œãŸãã
ã¯ããé«ãïœâããã«åºãïœâã¢ãã«åºãïœâãª
ã¯ãã«åºçã®ïŒçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãããR7ãR9ã
R11ããã³R13ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååã§ããã
ããªãã¡ãïŒïŒïŒâãžçœ®æããšããŒã«ããåæã
ããäžè¬åŒãâïŒãã®ååç©ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã R4ãR5ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãã¡ãã«åºã
ãšãã«åºãïœâãããã«åºãïœâãããã«åºãïœ
âãããã«åºãïŒâãšãã«ã¢ãã«åºãïœâãŠã³ã
ã·ã«åºãããªã¯ããã¡ãã«åºãããªããã¢ã¡ãã«
åºçã®çœ®æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãαâã
ãªã«åºãããšãã«åºããããã«åºãïœâã¯ããã
ãšãã«åºãïœâã¡ããã·ããšãã«åºãïœâããã
ããšãã«åºçã®çœ®æãããã¯ç¡çœ®æã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åº
ã§ããã ãŸããR4ãšR5ãR6ãšR7ãR8ãšR9ãR10ãšR11å
ã³R12ãšR13ã¯äºãã«é£çµããŠçœ®æåã¯ç¡çœ®æã®
ç°ã圢æããŠããŠãè¯ããäŸãã°ã·ã¯ãããã·ã«
ç°ã§ããããããã®ãã¡ãR4ãšR5ã¯ç¹ã«å¥œãŸã
ãã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ååãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºãã
ãšãã«åºãããªã«åºã§ãããn1ãn2ãn3åã³n4ã¯
ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ãïŒã30ã®æ°ã§ãããn3ãšn4ã¯å
ãã§ãç°ãªã€ãŠãè¯ãã ãŸããäžè¬åŒã®äžã§ã¯äžè¬åŒãâïŒãåã³
ãâïŒããç¹ã«äžè¬åŒãâïŒãã奜ãŸããçšã
ãããã 次ã«æ¬çºæããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã®
å ·äœäŸã瀺ãã ååç©äŸ âïŒ C11H23COOïŒâCH2CH2ïŒâ8H âïŒ C15H31COOïŒâCH2CH2OïŒâ15H âïŒ C17H33COOïŒâCH2CH2OïŒâ15H âïŒ C8H17OïŒâCH2CH2OïŒâ7H âïŒ C12H25OïŒâCH2CH2OïŒâ10H âïŒ C16H33OïŒâCH2CH2OïŒâ12H æ¬çºæã«çšããããããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢
掻æ§å€ã¯ãäžã«æããå ·äœäŸä»¥å€ã«ãäžèšã®ç¹èš±
æ现æžçã«èšèŒããããã®ãçšããããšãã§ã
ãã äŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2982651å·ãå3428456å·ãå
3457076å·ãå3454625å·ãå3552972å·ãå
3655387å·ãç¹å ¬æ51â9610å·ãç¹éæ53â29715
å·ãç¹éæ54â89626å·ãç¹é¡æ57â85764å·ãç¹
é¡æ57â90909å·ãå å£åèãæ°çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãïŒäž
å ±åºç1975幎ïŒçã§ããã æ¬çºæã«çšãããããã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©ã®ãã¡ãïŒ
䟡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãšããŠã¯ãäžèšã®äžè¬åŒã
âïŒããŸãã¯ãâïŒãã§è¡šããããã®ã奜ãŸã
ãããŸããïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãšããŠã¯ãäžè¬
åŒãâïŒããŸãã¯ãâïŒãã§è¡šããããã®ã
奜ãŸããã åŒäžM1ãM2ã¯ã«ããªã³ã§ãã€ãŠãæ°ŽçŽ ã€ãª
ã³ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³ãã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã€ãª
ã³åã¯ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã€ãªã³ãè¡šãããX1ãX2ã¯
ã¢ããªã³ã§ãã€ãŠãããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ãç¡é žã€ãª
ã³ãç¡«é žã€ãªã³ãç¡«é žæ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³ããªã³é žã€ãª
ã³ããªã³é žïŒæ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³ããªã³é žïŒæ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³ã
æ°Žé žã€ãªã³ãå¡©çŽ é žã€ãªã³ãåã¯éå¡©çŽ é žã€ãªã³
ãè¡šãããL1ãL20ã¯é äœåã§ãã€ãŠãæ°Žãæ°Žé ž
ã€ãªã³ãããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ãã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ãç¡é žã€ãª
ã³ãããªã·ã¢ã³ã€ãªã³ãã·ã¢ã³ã€ãªã³ãç¡«é žã€ãª
ã³ãçé žã€ãªã³åã¯ãªããœã€ãªã³ãè¡šããã P1ãP2ãq1ãq2ãq3ãq4ãr1ããã³r2ã¯æ£ã®æŽ
æ°ã§ãã€ãŠïŒãïŒãïŒåã¯ïŒãè¡šãããåãP1ã
P2ãr1ããã³r2ã¯ïŒã§ãã€ãŠãããã äžè¬åŒãâïŒãããâïŒãããâïŒãããã³
ãâïŒãã«ãããŠãM1ããã³M2ã¯ã奜ãŸãã
ã¯æ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³ãã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ã€ãªã³ã§ãããæŽã«å¥œãŸããã¯æ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³ã§ã
ããX1ããã³X2ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã
ç¡é žã€ãªã³ãéå¡©çŽ é žã€ãªã³ã§ãããL1ãL20ã¯
奜ãŸããã¯æ°Žãæ°Žé žã€ãªã³ãããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ãã¢
ã³ã¢ãã¢ãããªã·ã¢ã³ã€ãªã³ã§ãããæŽã«å¥œãŸã
ãã¯ããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã§ãããP1ãP2ãq1ãq2ã
q3ãq4ãr1ããã³r2ã¯æ£ã®æŽæ°ã§ãããé¯å¡©ã®è·
é»ãïŒã«ããããã«èšãããæ°ã§ãã€ãŠäžèšäžè¬
åŒã«ãããŠãM1ãM2ãX1ãX2ãL1ãL20ãæå®
ããããšäžçŸ©çã«æ±ºãããããåãP1ãP2ãr1ã
ãã³r2ã¯ïŒã§ãã€ãŠãããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããïŒäŸ¡ãŸãã¯ãïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠ
ã ã®é¯å¡©ã¯ãäŸãã°ååŠå€§èŸå žç·šéå§å¡äŒç·šãå
åŠå€§èŸå žãïŒå·»169ããŒãžïŒå ±ç«åºçåã1964
幎ïŒãäžéæ¯å¹³èãå ¥éãã¬ãŒãååŠãïŒåæ±å
åã1969幎ïŒãP.M.ãã€ããªã¹ïŒP.M.MaitlisïŒ
èãã¶ã»ãªãŒã¬ããã¯ã±ãã¹ããªãŒã»ãªãã»ãã©
ãžãŠã ïŒThe Organic Chemistry of
PalladiumïŒãã¢ã«ãããã¯ã»ãã¬ã¹ïŒAcademic
PressïŒåïŒ1971幎ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠãããã®ãçš
ããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ïŒäŸ¡ãŸãã¯ãïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ã®
å ·äœäŸã以äžã«ç€ºãã ååç©äŸ âïŒ Na2ãPdCl4ã âïŒ H2ãPdCl4ã âïŒ CaãPdCl4ã âïŒ H2ãPdBr4ã âïŒ K2ãPdBr4ã âïŒ BaãPdBr4ã âïŒ ãPdïŒNH3ïŒ4ãCl2 âïŒ ãPdïŒNH3ïŒ4ãïŒClO4ïŒ2 âïŒ ãPdïŒNH3ïŒ4ãïŒNO3ïŒ2 â10 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2Cl2 â11 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2ïŒOHïŒ2 â12 Na2ãPdCl6ã â13 H2ãPdBr6ã â14 ïŒNH4ïŒ2ãPdCl6ã â15 ïŒNH4ïŒ2ãPdCl4ã â16 K2ãPdCl6ã â17 K2ãPdBr6ã â18 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2Br2 â19 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2I2 â20 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2SO4 â21 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2CO3 â22 PdïŒNH3ïŒ2ïŒNO3ïŒ2 â23 K2ãPdïŒCNSïŒ4ã â24 K2ãPdïŒNO3ïŒ4ã â25 ïŒNH4ïŒ2ãPdïŒNO3ïŒ4ã â26 ïŒNH4ïŒ2ãPdBr2ïŒNO3ïŒ4ã æ¬çºæã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã¯ã
䜿çšããåçæå ææã®çš®é¡ã圢æ åã¯å¡åžæ¹åŒ
çã«ãããã®äœ¿çšéã¯ç°ãªãããäžè¬ã«ã¯ãã®äœ¿
çšéã¯åçæå ææã®ïŒm2åœãïŒã500mgã§ããã
ç¹ã«20ã200mgã奜ãŸããã åãæ¬çºæã®ïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ã®
䜿çšéã¯äœ¿çšããåçæå ææã®æå æ§ããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€ã®çš®é¡ã«ãã€ãŠç°ãªãããäžè¬ã«ã¯ãé
ïŒã¢ã«åœã10-9ã10-2ã¢ã«ã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒ
Ã10-7ãïŒÃ10-3ã¢ã«ã§ããæŽã«å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒÃ
10-6ãïŒÃ10-4ã¢ã«ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå
çæå ææã®å±€äžã«é©çšããæ¹æ³ã¯ãæ°Žæãã¯ã¡
ã¿ããŒã«ããšã¿ããŒã«ãã¢ã»ãã³çã®ææ©æº¶å€å
ã¯æ°Žãšåèšææ©æº¶åªã®æ··å溶åªã«æº¶è§£ããã®ã¡ã
æ¯æäœäžã®æå æ§ä¹³å€å±€ãéæå æ§ã®ä»ã®å±€ïŒäŸ
ãã°ããããã³ã°å±€ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢å±€ãäžé
å±€ãä¿è·å±€çïŒäžã«å«æãããããåã¯æ¯æäœã®
è¡šé¢ã«åŽé§ãå¡åžãããã¯ã該溶液äžã«æµžæŒ¬ããŠ
也ç¥ããã°ããã æ¬çºæã®ïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ã¯å
çæå ææã®æå æ§ä¹³å€å±€ã«æ·»å ããã®ã奜ãŸã
ããéæå æ§ã®ä»ã®å±€ã«æ·»å ããŠããããããã
ãã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©ããããã®å±€ã«æ·»å ããã«ã¯ãå±€
ã圢æããããã®å¡åžæ¶²äžã«ããããã®ååç©
ãããã®ãŸãŸã®ç¶æ ã§ãæãã¯æ°Žåã¯äžèšææ©æº¶
åªãæãã¯æ°Žãšäžèšææ©æº¶åªã®æ··å溶åªã«æº¶è§£ã
ãã®ã¡æ·»å ããŠããæãã¯ããã©ãžãŠã å¡©ïŒäŸã
ã°ããã²ã³åç©ãªã©ïŒã®é žæ§æº¶æ¶²ãšããŠæ·»å ãã
該å¡åžæ¶²ãå¡åžã»ä¹Ÿç¥ããã°ããã ãŸããä¹³å€å±€ã«æ·»å ããå Žåã¯ãä¹³å€ã®è£œé å·¥
çšäžïŒååŠçæå·¥çšãªã©ïŒãå·¥çšçµäºåŸã«ä¹³å€ã«
æ·»å ããŠããããç¹ã«ä¹³å€è£œé åŸãå¡åžçŽåã«æ·»
å ããããšã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãšæ¬
çºæã®ïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ã¯åçæå
ææäžã®åäžã®å±€ã«å«æãããŠããããåç°ãªã
å±€ã«å«æãããŠããããåãæ¬çºæã®ãããã®å
åç©ãè€æ°ã®å±€ã«å«æãããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã«çšããããåçä¹³å€äž
ã®ããã²ã³åéç²åã¯ãç«æ¹äœãå «é¢äœã®ãããª
èŠåçïŒregularïŒãªçµæ¶äœãæãããã®ã§ãã
ãããŸãçç¶ãæ¿ç¶ãªã©ã®ãããªå€åç
ïŒirregularïŒãªçµæ¶åœ¢ããã€ãã®ããããã¯ãã
ãã®çµæ¶åœ¢ã®è€å圢ããã€ãã®ã§ããããçš®ã ã®
çµæ¶åœ¢ã®ç²åã®æ··åããæã€ãŠãããã ãããã®åçä¹³å€ã¯P.GlafkidesèChimie et
Physique PhotographiqueïŒPaul Montel瀟åã
1967幎ïŒãG.F.DuffinèPhotographic Emulsion
ChemistryïŒThe Focal Pressåã1966幎ïŒãV.L.
Zelikman et alèMaking and Coating
Photographic EmulsionïŒThe Focal Pressåã
1964幎ïŒãªã©ã«èšèŒãããæ¹æ³ãçšããŠèª¿è£œãã
ããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ãé žæ§æ³ãäžæ§æ³ãã¢ã³
ã¢ãã¢æ³çã®ãããã§ãããããŸãå¯æº¶æ§éå¡©ãš
å¯æº¶æ§ããã²ã³å¡©ãåå¿ããã圢åŒãšããŠã¯çåŽ
æ··åæ³ãåææ··åæ³ããããã®çµåããªã©ã®ãã
ããçšããŠãããã ããã²ã³åéç²å圢æãŸãã¯ç©ççæã®æ®µéã«
ãããŠã«ãããŠã å¡©ãäºéå¡©ãéå¡©ãã¿ãªãŠã
å¡©ãã€ãªãžãŠã å¡©ããŸãã¯ãã®é¯å¡©ãããžãŠã å¡©
ãŸãã¯ãã®é¯å¡©ãéå¡©ãŸãã¯ãã®é¯å¡©ãªã©ãå ±å
ãããŠãããã åçå±€ã®ãã€ã³ããŒãšããŠã¯ãŒã©ãã³ãã«ãŒã€
ã³ãªã©ã®èçœè³ªïŒã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ã
ããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹çã®ã»ã«ããŒã¹åå
ç©ïŒå¯å€©ãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãœãŒããã§ãã·ãèªå°äœç
ã®ç³èªå°äœïŒåæ芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ãäŸãã°ããªãã
ã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãããªââããã«ãããªãã³ãã
ãªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žå ±éåäœãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããŸã
ã¯ãããã®èªå°äœããã³éšåå æ°Žå解ç©çã䜿çš
ããããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã«èšããŒã©ãã³ã¯ããããç³ç°åŠçãŒã©ã
ã³ãé žåŠçãŒã©ãã³ããã³é µçŽ åŠçãŒã©ãã³ãæ
ãã åãæ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã¯ãåçæ§æå±€äžã«
ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3411911å·ãå3411912å·ãç¹å ¬æ45â
5331å·çã«èšèŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒãç³»ã©ãã
ã¯ã¹ãå«ãããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯ãååŠå¢æãè¡ãªããªã
ã§ãããããæªåŸçïŒPrimitiveïŒä¹³å€ã®ãŸãŸçš
ããããšãã§ããããéåžžã¯ååŠå¢æããããå
åŠå¢æã®ããã«ã¯ãåèšGlafkidesãŸãã¯
Zelikmanãã®èæžãããã¯H.Frieserç·šãã»ã°ã«
ã³ãã©ãŒã²ã³ã»ãã«ã»ããªãã°ã©ãã€ã·ãšã³Die
Grundlagen der Photographischenããããš
ã»ã»ããã»ãžã«ãã«ããã²ããŒãã³Prozesse
mit SilberhalogenidenïŒAkademische
VerlagsgesellschaftïŒ1968ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ãçš
ããããšãã§ããã ããªãã¡ãéã€ãªã³ãšåå¿ãåŸãç¡«é»ãå«ãå
åç©ã掻æ§ãŒã©ãã³ãçšããç¡«é»å¢ææ³ãéå æ§
ç©è³ªãçšããéå å¢ææ³ãéãã®ä»ã®è²Žéå±åå
ç©ãçšãã貎éå±å¢ææ³ãªã©ãåç¬ãŸãã¯çµåã
ãŠçšããããšãã§ãããç¡«é»å¢æå€ãšããŠã¯ãã
ãªç¡«é žå¡©ãããªå°¿çŽ é¡ããã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãããŒãã
ã³é¡ããã®ä»ã®ååç©ãçšããããšãã§ãããã
ãã®å ·äœäŸã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±1574944å·ã2410689å·ã
2278947å·ã2728668å·ã3656955å·ã«èšèŒãããŠ
ãããéå å¢æå€ãšããŠã¯ç¬¬äžããå¡©ãã¢ãã³
å¡©ãããã©ãžã³èªå°äœããã«ã ã¢ããžã³ã¹ã«ãã€
ã³é žãã·ã©ã³ååç©ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ããã
ããã®å ·äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2487850å·ã2419974å·ã
2518698å·ã2983609å·ã2983610å·ã2694637å·ã«
èšèŒãããŠããã貎éå±å¢æã®ããã«ã¯éé¯å¡©ã®
ã»ããçœéãã€ãªãžãŠã ããã©ãžãŠã çã®åšæåŸ
è¡šæã®éå±ã®é¯å¡©ãçšããããšãã§ãããã®å ·
äœäŸã¯ç±³åœç¹èš±2399083å·ã2448060å·ãè±åœç¹èš±
618061å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒãããŠããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã«ã¯å®å®å€ãšããŠçš®ã ã®åå
ç©ãå«æãããããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ã¢ãŸãŒã«
é¡ããšãã°ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãªãŠã å¡©ããããã€ã³ã
ãŸãŒã«é¡ãããªã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ããã³ãŸããªã¢ãŸãŒã«
é¡ããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«é¡ïŒç¹ã«ãããâãŸãã¯
ããã²ã³çœ®æäœïŒïŒãããç°ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©é¡
ããšãã°ã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ããã
ã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒ
ã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãããã¢ãžã¢ãŸãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãã
ããã©ãŸãŒã«é¡ïŒç¹ã«ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâã¡ã«ã«
ããããã©ãŸãŒã«ïŒãã¡ã«ã«ããããªãžã³é¡ïŒã«
ã«ããã·ã«åºãã¹ã«ãã³åºãªã©ã®æ°Žæº¶æ§åºãæã
ãäžèšã®ãããç°ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©é¡ïŒããªã±ã
ååç©ããšãã°ãªããµãŸãªã³ããªã³ïŒã¢ã¶ã€ã³ã
ã³é¡ããšãã°ããã©ã¢ã¶ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒïŒç¹ã«ïŒâ
ããããã·çœ®æïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ3aïŒïŒïŒããã©ã¢ã¶
ã€ã³ãã³é¡ïŒïŒãã³ãŒã³ããªã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ïŒãã³
ãŒã³ã¹ã«ãã€ã³é žïŒãªã©ã®ãããªå®å®å€ãšããŠç¥
ãããå€ãã®ååç©ãå ããããšãã§ããã ãããã®æŽã«è©³ããå ·äœäŸåã³ãã®äœ¿çšæ¹æ³ã«
ã€ããŠã¯ãããšãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3954474å·ãå第
3982947å·ãå第4021248å·åæ现æžãŸãã¯ç¹å ¬æ
52â28660å·å ¬å ±ã®èšèŒãåèã«ã§ããã 硬èå€ãšããŠã¯ã ã³ã¯ãã«é žãã ã³ããã é žã
ã ã³ããšããã·ã¯ãã«é žãã ã³ããšããã·ããã
é žããã«ã ã¢ã«ãããããžã¡ãããŒã«å°¿çŽ ãããª
ã¡ãããŒã«ã¡ã©ãã³ãã°ãªãªãã¶ãŒã«ãã¢ãã¡ã
ã«ã°ãªãªãã¶ãŒã«ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã·âïŒïŒ
ïŒâãžãªããµã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã·âïŒâã¡
ãã«âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªããµã³ããµã¯ã·ã³ã¢ã«ãã
ããïŒïŒïŒâãžã¡ããã·ããã©ããããã©ã³ãã°
ã«ã¿ã«ã¢ã«ãããã®åŠãã¢ã«ãããç³»ååç©ïŒãž
ããã«ã¹ã«ãã³ãã¡ãã¬ã³ãã¹ãã¬ã€ãããïŒâ
ã¢ã»ãã«âïŒïŒïŒâãžã¢ã¯ãªãã€ã«âãããµãã
ãâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ã¯ãªã
ã€ã«âãããµãããâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªããã«ã¹ã«ããã«âãããµãããâïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³ãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒãšãŒ
ãã«ãïŒïŒïŒâãã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¡ãã«ïŒ
ãããããŒã«âïŒããã¹ïŒÎ±âããã«ã¹ã«ããã«
ã¢ã»ãã¢ããïŒãšã¿ã³ã®åŠã掻æ§ããã«ç³»åå
ç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒâããããã·âïœâã
ãªã¢ãžã³ã»ãããªãŠã å¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒ
âã¡ããã·âïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã
âïŒâïŒïŒâã¹ã«ãã¢ããªãïŒâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ã»
ãããªãŠã å¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒâïŒïŒâã¹
ã«ããšãã«ã¢ããïŒâïœâããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒNâ²â
ãã¹ïŒïŒâã¯ãããšãã«ã«ã«ããã«ïŒããã©ãžã³
ã®åŠã掻æ§ããã²ã³ç³»ååç©ïŒãã¹ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãš
ããã·ãããã«ïŒã¡ãã«ãããã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ã»
ïœâãã«ãšã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãã¹ïŒ2â²ïŒ
3â²âãšããã·ãããã«ãªãã·ïŒãã¿ã³ãïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã°ãªã·ãžã«ã€ãœã·ã¢ãã¬ãŒããïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžã°ãªã·ãžã«âïŒâïŒÎ³âã¢ã»ããã·âβâãªã
ã·ãããã«ïŒã€ãœã·ã¢ãã¬ãŒãã®åŠããšããã·ç³»
ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªãšãã¬ã³ã€ããâïœâ
ããªã¢ãžã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãããµã¡ãã¬ã³âïŒ
Nâ²âãã¹ãšãã¬ã³å°¿çŽ ããã¹âβâãšãã¬ã³ã€
ãããšãã«ããªãšãŒãã«ã®åŠããšãã¬ã³ã€ãã³ç³»
ååç©ïŒïŒïŒïŒâãžïŒã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ãªãã·ïŒãš
ã¿ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžïŒã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ãªãã·ïŒãã¿
ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžïŒã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³ãªãã·ïŒãã³ã¿
ã³ã®åŠãã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãã³é žãšã¹ãã«ç³»ååç©ïŒã
ãã«ãã«ã«ããžã€ããç³»ååç©ïŒã€ãœãªããµãŸãŒ
ã«ç³»ååç©ïŒåã³ã¯ãã æãã³ã®åŠãç¡æ©ç³»åå
ç©ãæããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æå ææã®åçä¹³å€å±€ãŸãã¯ä»ã®æ§æ
å±€ã«ã¯å¡åžå©å€ã垯é»é²æ¢ãã¹ããªæ§æ¹è¯ãä¹³å
åæ£ãæ¥çé²æ¢ããã³åçç¹æ§æ¹è¯ïŒããšãã°çŸ
åä¿é²ã硬調åãå¢æïŒãªã©çš®ã ã®ç®çã§æ¬çºæ
以å€ã®çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå«ãã§ãããã ããšãã°ãµããã³ïŒã¹ããã€ãç³»ïŒãã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªããµã€ãèªå°äœïŒäŸãã°ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ïŒããªãããã¬ã³
ã°ãªã³ãŒã«çž®åç©ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãŸãã¯ããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢
ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãœã«ã
ã¿ã³ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«
ãã«ã¢ãããŸãã¯ã¢ããé¡ãã·ãªã³ãŒã³ã®ããªãš
ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãä»å ç©é¡ïŒãã°ãªã·ããŒã«èªå°
äœïŒããšãã°ã¢ã«ã±ãã«ã³ãã¯é žããªã°ãªã»ãª
ããã¢ã«ãã«ããšããŒã«ããªã°ãªã»ãªãïŒãå€äŸ¡
ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®èèªé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãç³ã®ã¢ã«ãã«ãš
ã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®éã€ãªã³æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢ã«ãã«
ã«ã«ãã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ã
ã«ãã³ãŒã³ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ããã¿ã¬ã³
ã¹ã«ããªã³é žå¡©ãã¢ã«ãã«ç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«
ãã«ãªã³é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãâã¢ã·ã«ââã¢ã«ã
ã«ã¿ãŠãªã³é žãã¹ã«ãã³ãã¯é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¹ã«
ãã¢ã«ãã«ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ããšãã«
ãšãŒãã«é¡ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ã¢ã«ãã«ãªã³é ž
ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®ãããªã«ã«ããã·åºãã¹ã«ã
åºããã¹ãåºãç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«åºãçé žãšã¹ãã«åº
çã®é žæ§åºãå«ãã¢ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢ããé ž
é¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ãã«ã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ã
ã«ç¡«é žãŸãã¯çé žãšã¹ãã«é¡ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¿ã€ã³
é¡ãã¢ãã³ãªãã·ãé¡ãªã©ã®äž¡æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒã¢
ã«ãã«ã¢ãã³å¡©é¡ãèèªæãããã¯è³éŠæ第ïŒçŽ
ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããªãžããŠã ãã€ãããŸãªãŠ
ã ãªã©ã®è€çŽ ç°ç¬¬ïŒçŽã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã å¡©é¡ãããã³
èèªæãŸãã¯è€çŽ ç°ãå«ããã¹ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ã¹
ã«ãããŠã å¡©é¡ãªã©ã®ã«ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãçšã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã¯ãã¡ãã³è²çŽ é¡ãã®ä»ã«ã
ã€ãŠåå å¢æãããŠãããçšããããè²çŽ ã«ã¯ã
ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãè€åã·ã¢ãã³
è²çŽ ãè€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãããããŒã©ãŒã·ã¢
ãã³è²çŽ ãããã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¹ããªã«è²çŽ ãã
ãã³ãããªããœããŒã«è²çŽ ãå å«ããããç¹ã«æ
çšãªè²çŽ ã¯ã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãã
ã³è€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ã«å±ããè²çŽ ã§ãããã
ããã®è²çŽ é¡ã«ã¯å¡©åºæ§ç°ç¯ç°æ žãšããŠã·ã¢ãã³
è²çŽ é¡ã«éåžžå©çšãããæ žã®ãããããé©çšã§ã
ããããªãã¡ããããªã³æ žããªããµãŸãªã³æ žãã
ã¢ãŸãªã³æ žããããŒã«æ žããªããµãŸãŒã«æ žããã¢
ãŸãŒã«æ žãã»ã¬ããŸãŒã«æ žãã€ãããŸãŒã«æ žãã
ãã©ãŸãŒã«æ žãããªãžã³æ žãªã©ïŒãããã®æ žã«è
ç°åŒçåæ°ŽçŽ ç°ãèåããæ žïŒããã³ãããã®æ ž
ã«è³éŠæçåæ°ŽçŽ ç°ãèåããæ žãããªãã¡ãã€
ã³ãã¬ãã³æ žããã³ãºã€ã³ãã¬ãã³æ žãã€ã³ããŒ
ã«æ žããã³ãºãªããµãŸãŒã«æ žãããããªããµãŸãŒ
ã«æ žããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«æ žãããããã¢ãŸãŒã«
æ žããã³ãŸã»ã¬ããŸãŒã«æ žããã³ãºã€ãããŸãŒã«
æ žããããªã³æ žãªã©ãé©çšã§ããããããã®æ žã¯
ççŽ ååäžã«çœ®æãããŠããŠãããã ã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ ãŸãã¯è€åã¡ãã·ã¢ãã³è²çŽ
ã«ã¯ã±ãã¡ãã¬ã³æ§é ãæããæ žãšããŠããã©ãŸ
ãªã³âïŒâãªã³æ žãããªããã³ãã€ã³æ žãïŒâã
ãªãªããµãŸãªãžã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³æ žããã¢ãŸãª
ãžã³âïŒïŒïŒâãžãªã³æ žãããŒããã³æ žãããªã
ã«ãããŒã«é žæ žãªã©ã®ïŒãïŒå¡ç°ç¯ç°æ žãé©çšã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã«ã¯è²å圢æã«ãã©ãŒãããª
ãã¡è³éŠæã¢ãã³ïŒé垞第äžçŽã¢ãã³ïŒçŸåäž»è¬
ã®é žåçæç©ãšåå¿ããŠè²çŽ ã圢æããååç©
ïŒä»¥äžã«ãã©ãŒãšç¥èšããïŒãå«ãã§ããããã«
ãã©ãŒã¯ååäžã«ãã©ã¹ãåºãšãã°ããçæ°Žåºã
æããéæ¡æ£æ§ã®ãã®ãæãŸãããã«ãã©ãŒã¯é
ã€ãªã³ã«å¯ŸãïŒåœéæ§ãããã¯ïŒåœéæ§ã®ã©ã¡ã
ã§ãããããŸãè²è£æ£ã®å¹æããã€ã«ã©ãŒãã«ã
ã©ãŒããããã¯çŸåã«ãšããªã€ãŠçŸåæå¶å€ãæŸ
åºããã«ãã©ãŒïŒããããDIRã«ãã©ãŒïŒãå«ã
ã§ããããã«ãã©ãŒã¯ã«ãããªã³ã°åå¿ã®çæç©
ãç¡è²ã§ãããããªã«ãã©ãŒã§ãããã é»è²çºè²ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠã¯å ¬ç¥ã®ééã±ãã¡ã
ã¬ã³ç³»ã«ãã©ãŒãçšããããšãã§ããããããã®
ãã¡ãã³ãŸã€ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãç³»åã³ãããã€ã«
ã¢ã»ãã¢ããªãç³»ååç©ã«æå©ã§ããã ããŒã³ã¿ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠã¯ãã©ãŸãã³ååç©ã
ã€ã³ããŸãã³ç³»ååç©ãã·ã¢ãã¢ã»ãã«ååç©ãª
ã©ãçšããããšãã§ããç¹ã«ãã©ãŸãã³ç³»ååç©
ã¯æå©ã§ããã ã·ã¢ã³ã«ãã©ãŒãšããŠã¯ããšããŒã«ç³»ååç©ã
ããããŒã«ç³»ååç©ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã«ãããŠãããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€å±€ã¯ãæ¯æäœäžã®çé¢ã ãã§ãªãäž¡é¢ã«èšã
ãããŠããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®ä¿è·å±€
ã¯ã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ããããªãå±€ã§ããã䜿çšãã
ã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ããšããŠã¯åè¿°ãããã®ãçšãã
ããããŸããä¿è·å±€ã¯ãåå±€ã§ãã€ãŠãéå±€ãšãª
ã€ãŠããŠãããã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®ä¹³å€å±€å
ã¯ä¿è·å±€äžã«ã奜ãŸããã¯ãä¿è·å±€äžã«ã¯ããã
å€åã³ïŒåã¯å¹³æ»å€ãªã©ãæ·»å ããŠãããããã
ãå€ã®äŸãšããŠã¯é©åœãªç²åŸïŒç²åŸ0.3ã5ÎŒã®ã
ã®ãŸãã¯ãä¿è·å±€ã®åå³ã®ïŒå以äžãç¹ã«ïŒå以
äžã®ãã®ã奜ãŸããïŒã®ããªã¡ãã«ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬
ãŒããªã©ã®ããšãæ°Žåæ£æ§ããã«éåäœã®ããšã
ææ©ååç©åã¯ããã²ã³åéãç¡«é žã¹ããã³ããŠ
ãŒã ããªãŠã ãªã©ã®ããšãç¡æ©ååç©ãªã©ã奜ãŸ
ããçšãããããå¹³æ»å€ã¯ãããå€ãšé¡äŒŒããæ¥
çæ éé²æ¢ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ä»ãç¹ã«æ ç»çšãã€ã«ã ã®æ®
圱æãããã¯æ åæã®ã«ã¡ã©é©åæ§ã«é¢ä¿ããæ©
æŠç¹æ§ã®æ¹è¯ã«æå¹ã§ãããå ·äœçãªäŸãšããŠã¯
æµåãã©ãã€ã³ãé«çŽèèªé žã®ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãªã©ã®
ããšãã¯ãã¯ã¹é¡ãããªããçŽ åçåæ°ŽçŽ é¡ãã
ãã¯ãã®èªå°äœãããªã¢ã«ãã«ããªã·ãããµã³ã
ããªã¢ãªãŒãããªã·ãããµã³ãããªã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãª
ãŒã«ããªã·ãããµã³ããããã¯ãããã®ã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³ãªããµã€ãä»å èªå°äœã®ããšãã·ãªã³ãŒã³é¡ãª
ã©ã奜ãŸããçšããããã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã«ã¯ãä»
ã«ãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠãã¢ã³ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³å±€ãäžé
å±€ããã€ã«ã¿ãŒå±€ããªã©ãèšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ãçšããããã²
ã³åéåçæå ææãšããŠã¯ãå ·äœçã«ã¯ã
Xrayæå ææããªã¹æå ææãé»çœæ®åœ±æå æ
æãã«ã©ãŒãã¬æå ææãã«ã©ãŒå転æå ææã
ã«ã©ãŒå°ç»çŽãªã©ãæããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åçæå ææã«ã¯ããã®ä»å¿ èŠã«å¿ã
ãŠçš®ã ã®æ·»å å€ãçšããããšãã§ãããäŸãã°ã
ææãçŸåä¿é²å€ãè¢å å¢çœå€ãè²ã«ããªé²æ¢
å€ã玫å€ç·åžåå€ããªã©ã§ãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ããª
ãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒïŒRESEARCH
DISCLOSUREïŒ176å·ç¬¬28ã30é ïŒRDâ17643ã
1978幎ïŒã«èšèŒããããã®ãçšããããšãã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã®åçä¹³å€ã¯åçæå ææã«éåžžçšãã
ããŠãããã©ã¹ããã¯ãã€ã«ã ãçŽãåžãªã©ã®å¯
ææ§æ¯æäœãŸãã¯ã¬ã©ã¹ãé¶åšãéå±ãªã©ã®åæ§
ã®æ¯æäœã«ãã€ããå¡åžæ³ãããŒã©ãŒå¡åžæ³ãã«
ãŒãã³å¡åžæ³ãæŒåºå¡åžæ³ãªã©ã«ããå¡åžãã
ããå¯ææ§æ¯æäœãšããŠæçšãªãã®ã¯ãç¡é žã»ã«
ããŒã¹ãé ¢é žã»ã«ããŒã¹ãé ¢é žé ªé žã»ã«ããŒã¹ã
ããªã¹ãã¬ã³ãããªå¡©åããã«ãããªãšãã¬ã³ã
ã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒããããªã«ãŒãããŒãçã®ååæãŸã
ã¯åæé«ååããæããã€ã«ã ããã©ã€ã¿å±€ãŸã
ã¯Î±âãªã¬ãã€ã³ããªããŒïŒäŸãã°ããªãšãã¬
ã³ãããªãããã¬ã³ããšãã¬ã³ïŒããã³å ±éå
äœïŒçãå¡åžãŸãã¯ã©ãããŒãããçŽçã§ããã 以äžã«å®æœäŸãæããŠæ¬çºæãäŸèšŒããããæ¬
çºæã¯ããã«éå®ããããã®ã§ãªãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ (1) è©Šæã®èª¿è£œïŒ äžå¡ããæœããåã180ÎŒã®ããªãšãã¬ã³ãã¬
ãã¿ã¬ãŒããã€ã«ã æ¯æäœã®äžã«ãäžèšçµæã®ã
ãã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãå¡åžããæŽã«ãã®äžã«äžèšçµ
æã®ä¿è·å±€ãå¡åžãã也ç¥ããŠçœé»ããã²ã³åé
æå ææã調補ãããä¿è·å±€ã«ã¯æ¬çºæã®ããªãª
ãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ããä¹³å€å±€ã«ã¯ããã©
ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãæ·»å ããã ïŒä¹³å€å±€ïŒ åãïŒçŽ5ÎŒ çµæåã³å¡åžé ãŒã©ãã³ 2.5ïœïŒm2 æ²èåéïŒæ²åé2.0ã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒ ïŒïœïŒm2 ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ïŒâïŒïŒãŸãã¯æ¯èŒååç©
第ïŒè¡šåç § ïŒä¿è·å±€ïŒ åãïŒçŽ1ÎŒ çµæåã³å¡åžé ãŒã©ãã³ 1.7ïœïŒm2 ïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãã«âïŒâããããã·âïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ïŒâããªã¢ãžã³ãããªãŠã å¡© 10mgïŒm2 âãªã¬ã€ã«ââã¡ãã«ã¿ãŠãªã³é žãããªãŠ
ã ïŒmgïŒm2 æ¬çºæã®ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ïŒç¬¬
ïŒè¡šåç §ïŒ 40mgïŒm2 (2) 垯é»é²æ¢èœã®å€å®æ³ïŒ 垯é»é²æ¢èœã¯è¡šé¢æµæçåã³ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯
çºçã®æž¬å®ã«ãã€ãŠå®ãããè¡šé¢æµæçã¯è©Šæ
ã®è©Šéšçãé»æ¥µéé0.14cmãé·ã10cmã®çé®è£œé»
極ïŒè©Šéšçãšæ¥ããéšåã¯ã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹äœ¿çšïŒã«æŸ
ãã¿ãæŠç°çç 補絶çžèšTR8651åã§ïŒåå€ã枬
å®ãããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯çºçè©Šéšã¯ããŽã ã·
ãŒãäžã«æªé²å æå ææã®åž¯é»é²æ¢å€ãå«ãè¡šé¢
ãäžåãã«ããŠãäžãããŽã ããŒã©ãŒã§å§çåŸã
å¥é¢ããããšã«ããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãçºçãã
ãæ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãã å枬å®æ¡ä»¶ã¯ãè¡šé¢äœæçã¯ã25âã25ïŒ RH
ã§æž¬å®ããã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯çºçè©Šéšã¯ã25âã
25ïŒ RHã§è¡ãããªããè©Šæã®è©Šéšçã®èª¿æ¹¿ã¯å
èšæ¡ä»¶ã§äžæŒå€è¡ãªã€ãã ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®çºçã®çšåºŠãè©äŸ¡ãããã
ã«ãåãµã³ãã«ã次ã®çµæã®çŸå液ãçšããŠ20â
ã§ïŒåéçŸåããã çŸå液çµæ âã¡ãã«âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ç¡«é žå¡© ïŒïœ ç¡æ°Žäºç¡«é žãœãŒã 60ïœ ãã€ããããã³ 10ïœ çé žãœãŒãïŒïŒæ°Žå¡©ïŒ 53ïœ èåã«ãª 25ïœ æ°Žãå ããŠïŒãšããã ã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®è©äŸ¡ã¯æ¬¡ã®ïŒæ®µéã®èŠæºã«
åŸã€ãã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®çºçãèªããããªãã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãå°ãçºçããã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãçžåœçºçããã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãèããçºçããã ïŒã¹ã¿ããã¯ããŒã¯ãå šé¢ã«çºçããã (3) ã«ããªé²æ¢èœå€å®æ³ (1)ã§èª¿è£œãããè©Šæã 50âã60ïŒ RHã§10æ¥éæŸçœ®ããåŸïŒžã¬ã€ãã€ã«
ã çšçŸå液RDïŒå¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã (æ ª)補ïŒãçš
ãããŒã©ãŒæ¬éåèªåçŸåæ©å¯å£«RNïŒå¯å£«åç
ãã€ã«ã (æ ª)補ïŒã«ãã35â25ç§éçŸåãè¡ãªã次
ãã§å®çãæ°ŽæŽã也ç¥ããŠæªé²å éšã®å åŠæ¿åºŠ
ïŒDmïŒã枬å®ããã äžæ¹ã垞枩垞湿ã§10æ¥éæŸçœ®åŸåæ§ã«çŸååŠç
ããŠæªé²å éšã®å åŠæ¿åºŠïŒDm0ïŒã枬å®ããã DmâDm0ã§ãã€ãŠé«æž©ä¿åã«ããã«ããªã®äž
æå€ïŒâ³fogïŒãšããã åŸãããçµæã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºããã ãªããæ¯èŒååç©ã®æ·»å éã¯ãæ床ãäžããã
ãšã®ãªãæ倧å€ãšããã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
第ïŒè¡šããããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã
垯é»é²æ¢ã®ããã«äœ¿çšããåçæå ææã»è©ŠæNo.
ïŒã21ã§ã¯ããããè¯å¥œãªåž¯é»é²æ¢æ§ã瀺ããŠã
ãããäžæ¹ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã
䜿çšããå Žåã«ã¯ãã«ããªé²æ¢å€æªæ·»å ã®è©Šæ
ïŒãïŒãïŒã11ã13ã15ã17ã§ã¯ãããªãªãã·ãš
ãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€æªæ·»å ã®è©ŠæïŒãïŒãšæ¯èŒã
ãŠãé«æž©ä¿åã«ããã«ããªã®äžæãèãããããš
ãæããã§ããã åãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã䜿çš
ããåçæ¥çã§äžè¬ã«ã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãšããŠããç¥
ãããŠããææ©è€çŽ ç°ååç©ãæ·»å ããŠããããª
ãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãçšããããšã«ãã€
ãŠçããé«æž©ä¿åã«ããã«ããªã®äžæãååã«æ
ããããšãã§ããªãããšãæããã§ãããïŒè©Šæ
19ã20ã21ïŒ ããã«å¯ŸããŠãæ¬çºæã®ããã«ããªãªãã·ãšã
ã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã䜿çšããã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãšããŠ
ãã©ãžãŠã é¯äœãæ·»å ããè©ŠæïŒãïŒãïŒãïŒã
10ã12ã14ã16ã18ã§ã¯ãããããè¯å¥œãªåž¯é»é²
æ¢å€ã瀺ããŠãããããã«ãé«æž©ä¿åã«ããã«ã
ãªã®äžæãèãããäœæžãããããšãã§ããããš
ã瀺ããŠããã ãã®ããã«ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€
ããã³ãã©ãžãŠã é¯äœãšãåçæå ææã®æå æ§
ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«
å«æããããããšã«ãã€ãŠã垯é»é²æ¢æ§ãšé«æž©ä¿
åæã®ã«ããªé²æ¢æ§ãšãåæã«æºè¶³ãããåçæ
å ææãšããããšãã§ããããšãæããã§ããã æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããå®æœæ æ§ã以äžã«ç€ºãã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³
ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãäžè¬åŒãâïŒãããâïŒãå
ã¯ãâïŒãã§è¡šãããããšããã®åçæå æ
æã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³
ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãäžè¬åŒãâïŒãã§è¡šãããã
ãšããã®åçæå ææã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³
ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãäžè¬åŒãâïŒãã§è¡šãããã
ãšããã®åçæå ææã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãž
ãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãäžè¬åŒãâïŒãããâïŒããã
âïŒããåã¯ãâïŒãã§è¡šãããããšããã®
åçæå ææã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠãã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©ãäž
è¬åŒãâïŒãåã¯ãâïŒãã§è¡šããããïŒ
䟡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ã§ãããšããã®åçæå æ
æã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³
ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãäžè¬åŒãâïŒãã§è¡šãããã
ãã€ãã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©ãäžè¬åŒãâïŒãåã¯
ãâïŒãã§è¡šãããããšããã®ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠ
ã ã®é¯å¡©ã§ãããšããã®åçæå ææã ïŒ å¥œãŸããå®æœæ æ§ïŒã«ãããŠãäžè¬åŒãâ
ïŒãåã¯ãâïŒãã®L1ãL2ãL3ãL4ãL5ã
L6ãL7ããã³L8ãããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã§ãããšã
ãã®åçæå ææã ïŒ å¥œãŸããå®æœæ æ§ïŒã«ãããŠãL1ãL2ãL3ã
L4ãL5ãL6ãL7ããã³L8ãã¯ãã«ã€ãªã³ã§ã
ããšããã®åçæå ææã ïŒ åçæå ææã®å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã«ããªãªãã·
ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãšïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠ
ã ã®é¯å¡©ãšãå«æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãã垯é»
é²æ¢æ³ã
垯é»é²æ¢ã®ããã«äœ¿çšããåçæå ææã»è©ŠæNo.
ïŒã21ã§ã¯ããããè¯å¥œãªåž¯é»é²æ¢æ§ã瀺ããŠã
ãããäžæ¹ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã
䜿çšããå Žåã«ã¯ãã«ããªé²æ¢å€æªæ·»å ã®è©Šæ
ïŒãïŒãïŒã11ã13ã15ã17ã§ã¯ãããªãªãã·ãš
ãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€æªæ·»å ã®è©ŠæïŒãïŒãšæ¯èŒã
ãŠãé«æž©ä¿åã«ããã«ããªã®äžæãèãããããš
ãæããã§ããã åãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã䜿çš
ããåçæ¥çã§äžè¬ã«ã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãšããŠããç¥
ãããŠããææ©è€çŽ ç°ååç©ãæ·»å ããŠããããª
ãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãçšããããšã«ãã€
ãŠçããé«æž©ä¿åã«ããã«ããªã®äžæãååã«æ
ããããšãã§ããªãããšãæããã§ãããïŒè©Šæ
19ã20ã21ïŒ ããã«å¯ŸããŠãæ¬çºæã®ããã«ããªãªãã·ãšã
ã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã䜿çšããã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãšããŠ
ãã©ãžãŠã é¯äœãæ·»å ããè©ŠæïŒãïŒãïŒãïŒã
10ã12ã14ã16ã18ã§ã¯ãããããè¯å¥œãªåž¯é»é²
æ¢å€ã瀺ããŠãããããã«ãé«æž©ä¿åã«ããã«ã
ãªã®äžæãèãããäœæžãããããšãã§ããããš
ã瀺ããŠããã ãã®ããã«ãããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€
ããã³ãã©ãžãŠã é¯äœãšãåçæå ææã®æå æ§
ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãå±€ã«
å«æããããããšã«ãã€ãŠã垯é»é²æ¢æ§ãšé«æž©ä¿
åæã®ã«ããªé²æ¢æ§ãšãåæã«æºè¶³ãããåçæ
å ææãšããããšãã§ããããšãæããã§ããã æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããå®æœæ æ§ã以äžã«ç€ºãã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³
ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãäžè¬åŒãâïŒãããâïŒãå
ã¯ãâïŒãã§è¡šãããããšããã®åçæå æ
æã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³
ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãäžè¬åŒãâïŒãã§è¡šãããã
ãšããã®åçæå ææã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³
ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãäžè¬åŒãâïŒãã§è¡šãããã
ãšããã®åçæå ææã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãž
ãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãäžè¬åŒãâïŒãããâïŒããã
âïŒããåã¯ãâïŒãã§è¡šãããããšããã®
åçæå ææã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠãã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©ãäž
è¬åŒãâïŒãåã¯ãâïŒãã§è¡šããããïŒ
䟡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ã§ãããšããã®åçæå æ
æã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³
ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãäžè¬åŒãâïŒãã§è¡šãããã
ãã€ãã©ãžãŠã é¯å¡©ãäžè¬åŒãâïŒãåã¯
ãâïŒãã§è¡šãããããšããã®ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠ
ã ã®é¯å¡©ã§ãããšããã®åçæå ææã ïŒ å¥œãŸããå®æœæ æ§ïŒã«ãããŠãäžè¬åŒãâ
ïŒãåã¯ãâïŒãã®L1ãL2ãL3ãL4ãL5ã
L6ãL7ããã³L8ãããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã§ãããšã
ãã®åçæå ææã ïŒ å¥œãŸããå®æœæ æ§ïŒã«ãããŠãL1ãL2ãL3ã
L4ãL5ãL6ãL7ããã³L8ãã¯ãã«ã€ãªã³ã§ã
ããšããã®åçæå ææã ïŒ åçæå ææã®å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã«ããªãªãã·
ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãšïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠ
ã ã®é¯å¡©ãšãå«æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãã垯é»
é²æ¢æ³ã
Claims (1)
- ïŒ æ¯æäœäžã«å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã®æå æ§ããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€å±€ãæããåçæå ææã«ãããŠã該æ
å æ§ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ä»ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ã
å±€ã«ããªãªãã·ãšãã¬ã³ç³»çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ããã³ïŒäŸ¡
åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãã©ãžãŠã ã®é¯å¡©ãšãå«æããããšãç¹
城ãšããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58188228A JPS6080847A (ja) | 1983-10-07 | 1983-10-07 | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| US06/658,740 US4623615A (en) | 1983-10-07 | 1984-10-09 | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58188228A JPS6080847A (ja) | 1983-10-07 | 1983-10-07 | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6080847A JPS6080847A (ja) | 1985-05-08 |
| JPH0332771B2 true JPH0332771B2 (ja) | 1991-05-14 |
Family
ID=16220019
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58188228A Granted JPS6080847A (ja) | 1983-10-07 | 1983-10-07 | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4623615A (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPS6080847A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3782351T2 (de) | 1986-03-25 | 1993-05-27 | Konishiroku Photo Ind | Lichtempfindliches photographisches silberhalogenidmaterial, das fuer schnelle entwicklung verwendbar ist. |
| JPH0786669B2 (ja) * | 1986-05-27 | 1995-09-20 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPH0619522B2 (ja) * | 1986-06-04 | 1994-03-16 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | è¯å¥œãªåž¯é»é²æ¢æ§ãæããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JPH07117702B2 (ja) * | 1986-11-17 | 1995-12-18 | ã³ãã«æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | 垯é»é²æ¢ãããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| EP0288059B1 (en) * | 1987-04-24 | 1994-02-23 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic material |
| JP2617187B2 (ja) * | 1987-07-07 | 1997-06-04 | äžè±è£œçŽæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| EP0620483A1 (en) * | 1993-04-13 | 1994-10-19 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Processing of silver halide photographic industrial X-ray films |
| EP0620484B1 (en) * | 1993-04-13 | 1997-02-05 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Silver halide photographic industrial X-ray films |
| US5614360A (en) * | 1994-12-16 | 1997-03-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic element and coating composition |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3725079A (en) * | 1967-05-26 | 1973-04-03 | Gaf Corp | Coating formulations containing phosphate esters of glycidol polyethers |
| US3868254A (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1975-02-25 | Gaf Corp | Positive working quinone diazide lithographic plate compositions and articles having non-ionic surfactants |
| JPS5729691B2 (ja) * | 1975-03-15 | 1982-06-24 | ||
| US4092171A (en) * | 1976-02-20 | 1978-05-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Organophosphine chelates of platinum and palladium as sensitizers |
| JPS5836893B2 (ja) * | 1978-06-07 | 1983-08-12 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | åçæå ææ |
-
1983
- 1983-10-07 JP JP58188228A patent/JPS6080847A/ja active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-10-09 US US06/658,740 patent/US4623615A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4623615A (en) | 1986-11-18 |
| JPS6080847A (ja) | 1985-05-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4720451A (en) | Silver halide color reversal light-sensitive material | |
| US4751174A (en) | Silver halide photographic material with light-insensitive silver halide emulsion layer | |
| US4897343A (en) | Silver halide photographic emulsion | |
| GB1581962A (en) | Development of silver halide photographic materials | |
| JPH0411013B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS5828568B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ | |
| JPH0228857B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS60162247A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0332771B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS60170853A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéã«ã©ãŒå転åçæå ææã®åŠçæ¹æ³ | |
| US4624913A (en) | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials | |
| US4614707A (en) | Color reversal photographic light-sensitive materials | |
| US5015567A (en) | Method for producing silver halide photographic emulsion and silver halide photographic material | |
| JPH0327099B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS6076741A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH034890B2 (ja) | ||
| US4772545A (en) | High speed silver halide photographic materials | |
| JPS6134538A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³ãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| US4555480A (en) | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing a polyoxyethylene surfactant and a nitron compound | |
| JPH0558533B2 (ja) | ||
| EP0383283A2 (en) | Silver halide photographic lightsensitive material | |
| JPS63106646A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPS62283328A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€åã³ãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ïŒåã³è©²ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã䜿çšããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0693098B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| US5001044A (en) | Silver halide photographic element |