JPH0124796B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0124796B2 JPH0124796B2 JP56138877A JP13887781A JPH0124796B2 JP H0124796 B2 JPH0124796 B2 JP H0124796B2 JP 56138877 A JP56138877 A JP 56138877A JP 13887781 A JP13887781 A JP 13887781A JP H0124796 B2 JPH0124796 B2 JP H0124796B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- organic
- compound
- titanium
- plzt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 16
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ONIKNECPXCLUHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl ONIKNECPXCLUHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VJPLIHZPOJDHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Pb] VJPLIHZPOJDHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 lanthanum alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(oxo)titanium;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002604 lanthanum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BSDOQSMQCZQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] BSDOQSMQCZQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KTXWGMUMDPYXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCCC(CC)C[O-].CCCCC(CC)C[O-].CCCCC(CC)C[O-].CCCCC(CC)C[O-] KTXWGMUMDPYXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOGQPLXWSUTHQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(C)=O AOGQPLXWSUTHQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [La+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BCWYYHBWCZYDNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O BCWYYHBWCZYDNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Ti](O[N+]([O-])=O)(O[N+]([O-])=O)O[N+]([O-])=O QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3S)-octan-3-ol Natural products CCCCCC(O)CC NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIMOQLAACWTTMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-olate zirconium(4+) Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO[Zr](OCC(CC)CCCC)(OCC(CC)CCCC)OCC(CC)CCCC ZIMOQLAACWTTMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOYWLLHHWAMFCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(C)=O WOYWLLHHWAMFCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIFAZDSCNIEMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-(2-methylbutan-2-yloxy)butane;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].CCC(C)(C)OC(C)(C)CC FIFAZDSCNIEMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVJALIGNTUTVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCO[Ti](OCC)(OCC)OCCCC Chemical compound CCCCO[Ti](OCC)(OCC)OCCCC NVJALIGNTUTVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVMPBHYVLVCIJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCO[Zr](OCC)(OCC)OCCCC Chemical compound CCCCO[Zr](OCC)(OCC)OCCCC RVMPBHYVLVCIJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCALDHMLXICSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCO[Ti](OCC)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C Chemical compound CCO[Ti](OCC)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C MCALDHMLXICSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQZGPSLYZOOYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisoamyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)CCOCCC(C)C AQZGPSLYZOOYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQZDVIATLKPWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-K butanoate lanthanum(3+) Chemical compound [La+3].CCCC([O-])=O.CCCC([O-])=O.CCCC([O-])=O BQZDVIATLKPWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZFBGUXUJXUFOLU-UHFFFAOYSA-L butanoate;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCC([O-])=O.CCCC([O-])=O ZFBGUXUJXUFOLU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZNHFPFJRZBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCO.CCO.CCO.CCO XGZNHFPFJRZBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UARGAUQGVANXCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].CCO.CCO.CCO.CCO UARGAUQGVANXCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- SORGMJIXNUWMMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);propan-2-olate Chemical compound [La+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SORGMJIXNUWMMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCRUJFPNHKQCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);propanoate Chemical compound [La+3].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O NCRUJFPNHKQCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYDIWJWWROEQCB-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);propanoate Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O FYDIWJWWROEQCB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZEIWWVGGEOHESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].OC.OC.OC.OC ZEIWWVGGEOHESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G21/00—Compounds of lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/003—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table without C-Metal linkages
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56138877A JPS5841723A (ja) | 1981-09-03 | 1981-09-03 | 鉛含有複合有機金属化合物 |
| PCT/JP1982/000353 WO1983000869A1 (en) | 1981-09-03 | 1982-09-03 | Lead-containing composite metal oxide precursor composition, and process for its preparation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56138877A JPS5841723A (ja) | 1981-09-03 | 1981-09-03 | 鉛含有複合有機金属化合物 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5841723A JPS5841723A (ja) | 1983-03-11 |
| JPH0124796B2 true JPH0124796B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1989-05-15 |
Family
ID=15232196
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56138877A Granted JPS5841723A (ja) | 1981-09-03 | 1981-09-03 | 鉛含有複合有機金属化合物 |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5841723A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| WO (1) | WO1983000869A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160023466A1 (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-01-28 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Method of making piezoelectric film, method of making piezoelectric element, liquid discharge head, and image forming apparatus |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60103031A (ja) * | 1983-11-10 | 1985-06-07 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Ｐｌζｔ又はｐζｔの製造方法 |
| JPS6130183U (ja) * | 1984-07-27 | 1986-02-22 | 株式会社 高見沢サイバネテイツクス | ソフトウエア複写販売装置 |
-
1981
- 1981-09-03 JP JP56138877A patent/JPS5841723A/ja active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-09-03 WO PCT/JP1982/000353 patent/WO1983000869A1/ja unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160023466A1 (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-01-28 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Method of making piezoelectric film, method of making piezoelectric element, liquid discharge head, and image forming apparatus |
| US9902153B2 (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2018-02-27 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Method of making a piezoelectric film |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1983000869A1 (en) | 1983-03-17 |
| JPS5841723A (ja) | 1983-03-11 |
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