JP7509767B2 - 乳成分不含有の食品組成物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
乳成分不含有の食品組成物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
乳製品不使用の製品の供給が増加傾向にある。消費者が乳製品不使用の製品を選択するようになっている最大の要因は、乳製品不使用の製品の方が好ましいと考えるミレニアル世代の認識の変化である。この世代が、健康及び持続可能性(動物福祉及び環境フットプリントなど)についての認識を主な動機として乳製品の摂取を制限するようになっている。現在、乳製品不使用の代替肉は、ビーガン及びベジタリアンだけではなく、場面により植物ベースの食事を喫食する「フレキシタリアン」による人気も高まっている。この人気は、肉製品、特に加工肉にまつわる持続可能性の問題、及び健康に関する否定的な連想によるものである。テクスチャー付けした代替肉を生産する方法は既に数多くあるものの、それらの代替肉は、本物の肉製品の栄養、テクスチャー、外観、味、及び/又は口当たりを再現してはいない。したがって、そのような食品製品の大半は、消費者にとって魅力がなく、かつ口に合わないものである。ひき肉、ハンバーグ、及びケーシングに詰められていない状態のソーセージ(ground sausages)などの肉及び/又は加工肉は、加熱調理すると、脂肪が、とろける口当たりとジューシーさを与えるだけでなく、テクスチャー属性にも寄与する。肉の脂肪には弾力のあるテクスチャーがあり、高温で調理すると、やや滑りやすくなって噛み応えが出る。現在、代替肉の製造には、提供する温度でジューシーさを出すために植物性の脂肪が使用されている。しかしながら、植物性の脂肪を使用して製造した食品では、脂肪組織の外観及び固有のテクスチャーを再現できない。
一態様では、本発明は、脂質結晶中に分散したエマルションゲルの粒子を含む、乳成分不含有の食品組成物であって、エマルションゲルは食物繊維、植物性タンパク質、脂質、及びカルシウムの組み合わせを含み、組成物は添加剤を含まない、乳成分不含有の食品組成物に関する。一実施形態では、脂質結晶は、炭素数12~24の飽和脂肪酸を(総脂肪含有量の)少なくとも35重量%の量で含む。脂質結晶は30重量%~95重量%の範囲の量で連続相中に存在し、エマルションゲルは5重量%~70重量%の範囲の量で分散相中に存在する。
(a)
(i)食物繊維、カルシウム、及び植物性タンパク質を、室温で乾式混合する工程と;
(ii)均質な混合物になるまで、せん断下で水を添加する工程と;
(iii)上記混合物に脂質を添加して、高せん断下で乳化する工程と;
(iv)工程(iii)で得られたエマルションのpHを4~6に調整し、続いてエマルションを80℃~90℃の範囲の温度に加熱する工程と;
(v)工程(iv)から得られたエマルションを10℃~25℃の範囲の温度まで冷却することにより固化させて、エマルションゲルの固体を得る工程と;
(vi)エマルションゲルの固体をより小さな粒子に粉砕する工程と;
を含む、エマルションゲル粒子を調製する工程、並びに、
(b)
(vii)粉砕したエマルションゲル粒子に、溶融させた脂質を添加して連続相を形成する工程と;
(viii)工程(vii)で添加した脂質が部分的に結晶化するまで上記混合物を混合して、前記混合物をある形状に成形したり、又は任意選択的にエアレーションしたりすることができるようにする工程と;
(ix)更に硬化させるために分散したエマルションゲル粒子を4℃~6℃の冷蔵条件で保管する工程と;
を含む、工程(a)から得られた粉砕されたエマルションゲルを分散させる工程、
を含む、乳成分不含有の組成物を製造する方法に関する。
本明細書で開示される組成物には、本明細書にて具体的に開示されない任意の要素が存在しない場合がある。したがって、用語「含む(comprising)」を用いた実施形態の開示は、特定された成分「から本質的になる(consisting essentially of)」及び「からなる(consisting of)」及び「を含有する(containing)」実施形態の開示を含む。同様にして、本明細書で開示の方法には、本明細書において具体的に開示されない任意のステップが存在しない場合がある。したがって、用語「含む(comprising)」を用いた実施形態の開示は、特定された工程「から本質的になる(consisting essentially of)」及び「からなる(consisting of)」及び「を含有する(containing)」実施形態の開示を含む。別途記載のない限り及び直接的に明言のない限り、本明細書に開示される任意の実施形態を、任意の他の実施形態と組み合わせることもできる。
周波数1HzでG’(貯蔵弾性率)が65Pa超、かつG’’(損失弾性率)が25Pa未満。
実施例1a:エマルションゲル粒子の調製
切れ刃を備えたラボスケールの二重ジャケット式ステファンミキサーを使用して、表1に概説するような、以下のエマルションゲル(レシピA及びレシピB)を生成した。最初に、粉末原材料の計量及び乾式混合を実施した。次に、粉末混合物に水をゆっくり添加し、ステファンミキサー内で高せん断下(サンプルT=20℃/t=5~10分)で混合した。次いで、高オレイン酸ヒマワリ油(HOSO)を低せん断下(サンプルT=20℃/t=10~15分)で添加して、分散したHOSO液滴を繊維-タンパク質ネットワーク内で安定化させたエマルションゲル構造を得た。次いでなめらかなテクスチャーになるまで高せん断下で混合しながらサンプルを加熱した(サンプルT=85℃)。最後にエマルションを10℃~25℃に冷却し、エマルションゲルマトリックスを形成させた。
表2は、様々な濃度の脂肪により分散させたエマルションゲル粒子の組成(レシピC及びレシピD)を概説するものである。最初に、実施例1aに記載のエマルションゲルを、切れ刃を使用してステファンミキサーで粉砕し、より小さな小片を得た。次いで、溶融させた脂肪の追加分としてシアステアリンを添加し、脂肪分散液が部分的に結晶化するまで高せん断混合下でゲル粒子を均一に分散させた。最後に、この分散させたゲル粒子を所望の形状に成形し、更に硬化させるために冷蔵条件(4℃~6℃、好ましくは一晩)で保管した。図1Aは、エマルションゲルマトリックスが油脂結晶により分散している様子の略図を表す。硬化後に、更なる用途のためサンプルをより小さなフレークに切断した(図1B)。
表3は、ココナッツ脂肪フレーク(レシピE)及び脂肪を分散させたエマルションゲルフレーク(レシピF)を含有する、ビーガン・バーガーパティのレシピを概説するものである。ココナッツ脂肪フレークを含有するビーガン・バーガーパティを比較例として使用した。脂肪を分散させたエマルションゲルフレークは、前述の実施例(レシピC)に記載されているように製造した。本発明のビーガン・バーガーパティのレシピFは、レシピEよりもおよそ62%少ないSFAを含有していた。
Claims (13)
- 脂質結晶中に分散したエマルションゲルの粒子を含む、乳成分不含有の食品組成物であって、前記エマルションゲルは食物繊維、植物性タンパク質、脂質、及びカルシウム塩の組み合わせを含み、
前記脂質結晶が30重量%~95重量%の範囲の量で連続相中に存在し、前記エマルションゲルが5重量%~70重量%の範囲の量で分散相中に存在し、
前記エマルションゲルが、0.5重量%~30重量%の食物繊維、2重量%~15重量%の植物性タンパク質、5重量%~30重量%の脂質、及び0.5重量%~5重量%のカルシウム塩を含み、
前記組成物は添加剤を含まず、
前記添加剤が、加工デンプン、親水コロイド、乳化剤、白色付与剤、可塑剤、及び固結防止剤であり、
前記親水コロイドが、カラギーナン、キサンタンガム、ジェランガム、ローカストビーンガム、アルギン酸塩、グアーガム、カラヤガム、アラビアガム、コンニャクガム、アガー、及び、ゼラチンである、乳成分不含有の食品組成物。 - 前記脂質結晶が、炭素数12~24の飽和脂肪酸を(総脂肪含有量の)少なくとも35重量%の量で含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記脂質結晶がシアステアリンである、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 20℃にて、5重量%の前記食物繊維を含む水溶液が、以下の粘弾性特性、1)8Pa・s超のゼロせん断速度粘度を有するシアシニング挙動、及び2)周波数1HzでG’(貯蔵弾性率)が65Pa超、かつG’’(損失弾性率)が25Pa未満、を示す、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記食物繊維が総食物繊維の50重量%超の可溶性多糖類画分を含み、前記可溶性多糖類画分の量が0.5重量%~15重量%の範囲である、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 柑橘類の濃縮果汁を更に含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- スパイス、ハーブ、乾燥野菜、果実、並びに調味塩及び糖を更に含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記食物繊維が0.5重量%~15重量%の範囲のジャガイモ繊維である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記植物性タンパク質が、2重量%~15重量%の範囲の分離エンドウ豆タンパク質である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記脂質が、5重量%~30重量%の範囲の高オレイン酸ヒマワリ油及び/又はシアステアリンを含む、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記カルシウム塩が0.5重量%~5重量%の範囲である、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 代替肉、又はエアレーションされた食品組成物、又は積層生地を製造するための、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 乳成分不含有の組成物を製造する方法であって、
(a)
(i)食物繊維、カルシウム塩、及び植物性タンパク質を乾式混合する工程と;
(ii)均質な混合物になるまで、せん断下で水を添加する工程と;
(iii)前記混合物に脂質を添加して乳化する工程と;
(iv)工程(iii)で得られたエマルションのpHを4~6に調整し、続いて前記エマルションを80℃~90℃の範囲の温度に加熱する工程と;
(v)工程(iv)から得られた前記エマルションを10℃~25℃の範囲の温度まで冷却することにより固化させて、エマルションゲルの固体を得る工程と;
(vi)前記エマルションゲルの固体をより小さな粒子に粉砕する工程と;
を含む、エマルションゲル粒子を調製する工程、並びに、
(b)
(vii)前記粉砕されたエマルションゲル粒子に、溶融させた脂質を添加して連続相を形成する工程と;
(viii)工程(vii)で添加した前記脂質が部分的に結晶化するまで混合物を混合して、前記混合物をある形状に成形する工程と;
(ix)更に硬化させるために分散したエマルションゲル粒子を4℃~6℃の冷蔵条件で保管する工程と;
を含む、工程(a)から得られた前記粉砕されたエマルションゲルを分散させる工程、
を含み、
前記エマルションゲルが、0.5重量%~30重量%の食物繊維、2重量%~15重量%の植物性タンパク質、5重量%~30重量%の脂質、及び0.5重量%~5重量%のカルシウム塩を含む、方法。
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KR102675403B1 (ko) | 2019-08-25 | 2024-06-13 | 레이아 인코포레이티드 | 고-굴절률 도광체 층을 갖는 백라이트 산란 소자, 멀티뷰 디스플레이 및 방법 |
WO2022072718A1 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-07 | Nobell Foods, Inc. | Recombinant milk proteins and food compositions comprising the same |
US10947552B1 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2021-03-16 | Alpine Roads, Inc. | Recombinant fusion proteins for producing milk proteins in plants |
SE2030316A1 (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-22 | Aak Ab | Meat-analogue composition and process for the preparation thereof |
CN116896989A (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2023-10-17 | 维利奥有限公司 | 制造成形肉类替代食物产品的方法和包含植物基蛋白质粘合剂成分的成形肉类替代食物产品、植物基蛋白质粘合剂成分和制造植物基蛋白质粘合剂成分的方法 |
BE1029130B1 (nl) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-09-19 | Fuji Oil Europe | Vleesvervanger |
WO2022264978A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-12-22 | 不二製油グループ本社株式会社 | 動物脂様食品素材の製造方法 |
CN113812609B (zh) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-11-14 | 江南大学 | 一种基于豌豆/绿豆蛋白制备健康脂肪替代物的方法 |
EP4482316A1 (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2025-01-01 | Cargill, Incorporated | Meat substitute product |
CN119300722A (zh) * | 2022-06-03 | 2025-01-10 | 弗门尼舍有限公司 | 非动物蛋白组合物中的脂肪减少 |
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EP3873223A1 (en) | 2021-09-08 |
CL2021001127A1 (es) | 2021-11-19 |
CN112955020A (zh) | 2021-06-11 |
CA3118170A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
US20210392921A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 |
MX2021004724A (es) | 2021-05-12 |
KR20210087937A (ko) | 2021-07-13 |
CO2021005378A2 (es) | 2021-05-10 |
AU2019373675A1 (en) | 2021-05-13 |
WO2020089444A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
BR112021007048A2 (pt) | 2021-07-20 |
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JP2022512853A (ja) | 2022-02-07 |
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