JP7498714B2 - B型肝炎ウイルスを中和する抗体およびその使用 - Google Patents
B型肝炎ウイルスを中和する抗体およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願に関連する配列表を、紙書類に変えてテキスト形式で提出し、それにより、本明細書に引用により包含させる。配列表を含むテキストファイルの名称は930485_402WO_SEQUENCE_LISTING.txtである。該テキストファイルは109KBであり、2019年12月16日に作成し、EFS-Webにより電子的に提出する。
特に断らない限り、ここで使用する全ての技術的および科学的用語は、当業者により共通して理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。
ある態様において、本発明は、HBsAgの抗原性ループ領域に結合でき、B型肝炎ウイルスおよびデルタ型肝炎ウイルスの感染を中和できる、単離抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントを提供する。
MENITSGFLGPLLVLQAGFFLLTRILTIPQSLDSWWTSLNFLGGTTVCLGQNSQSPTSNHSPTSCPPTCPGYRWMCLRRFIIFLFILLLCLIFLLVLLDYQGMLPVCPLIPGSSTTSTGPCRTCMTTAQGTSMYPSCCCTKPSDGNCTCIPIPSSWAFGKFLWEWASARFSWLSLLVPFVQWFVGLSPTVWLSVIWMMWYWGPSLYSILSPFLPLLPIFFCLWVYI(配列番号3;アミノ酸101~172は下線で示す)
MENVTSGFLGPLLVLQAGFFLLTRILTIPQSLDSWWTSLNFLGGTTVCLGQNSQSPTSNHSPTSCPPTCPGYRWMCLRRFIIFLFILLLCLIFLLVLLDYQGMLPVCPLIPGSSTTGTGPCRTCTTPAQGTSMYPSCCCTKPSDGNCTCIPIPSSWAFGKFLWEWASARFSWLSLLVPFVQWFVGLSPTVWLSVIWMMWYWGPSLYSTLSPFLPLLPIFFCLWVYI
(抗原性ループ領域、すなわちアミノ酸101~172は下線で示す)。
PCRXC
〔ここで、Xは任意のアミノ酸であるかまたはアミノ酸がない;Xは任意のアミノ酸である;XはT、Y、R、SまたはFである;XはT、YまたはRである;またはXはTまたはRである。〕
のアミノ酸配列を含む、エピトープに結合する。
TGPCRTC
のアミノ酸配列または配列番号80と少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%または少なくとも95%配列同一性を共有するアミノ酸配列を含むエピトープに結合する。
STTSTGPCRTC
のアミノ酸配列または配列番号85と少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%または少なくとも95%配列同一性を共有するアミノ酸配列を含むエピトープに結合する。
GNCTCIP
(配列番号81)
のアミノ酸配列を含むエピトープに結合する。
X1 X2 X3 TC X4 X5 X6A X7G
〔ここで、X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6およびX7は任意のアミノ酸であり得る。〕
(配列番号1)
のアミノ酸配列により形成された、HBsAgの抗原性ループにおけるエピトープに結合する。
X1 X2 X3 TC X4 X5 X6A X7G
〔ここで、X1はP、TまたはSであり、
X2はCまたはSであり、
X3はR、K、DまたはIであり、
X4はMまたはTであり、
X5はT、AまたはIであり、
X6はT、PまたはLであり、そして
X7はQ、HまたはLである。〕
(配列番号2)
のアミノ酸配列により形成されるHBsAgの抗原性ループにおけるエピトープに結合する。
ある実施態様において、本発明の結合タンパク質(例えば、抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント)はFc部分を含む。ある実施態様において、Fc部分はヒト起源、例えば、ヒトIgG1、IgG2、IgG3および/またはIgG4または他のIgクラスまたはアイソタイプに由来し得る。特定の実施態様において、抗体または抗原結合フラグメントは、ヒトIgG1由来のFc部分を含み得る。
他の態様において、本発明は、本発明の抗体、抗原結合フラグメントまたは融合タンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む核酸分子を提供する。
さらに本発明の範囲内に含まれるのは、本発明の核酸分子を含むベクター、例えば、発現ベクターである。
さらなる態様において、本発明はまた本発明の抗体、抗原結合フラグメントまたは融合タンパク質を発現するまたは本発明のベクターまたはポリヌクレオチドを含む、細胞(また「宿主細胞」とも称する)も提供する。
本発明の抗体、抗原結合フラグメントおよび融合タンパク質は、例えば、処置部位への送達のために、薬物に結合されまたは目的の細胞を含む部位の造影を容易にするために検出可能ラベルと結合されることが可能である。薬物および検出可能ラベルを抗体に結合する方法は、検出可能ラベルを使用する造影法におけると同様、当分野で周知である。標識抗体を、多種多様なラベルを用いて、多種多様なアッセイに用い得る。本発明の抗体(または抗原結合フラグメントまたは融合タンパク質)とHBsAg、特にHBsAgの抗原性ループ領域上の目的のエピトープ間の抗体-抗原複合体形成の検出は、検出可能物質の抗体への結合により容易にされ得る。適当な検出手段は、放射性核種、酵素、コエンザイム、蛍光剤、化学発光剤、色素原、酵素基質または補因子、酵素阻害剤、補欠分子族複合体、フリーラジカル、粒子、色素などのラベルの使用を含む。適当な酵素の例は、ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ、アルカリホスファターゼ、β-ガラクトシダーゼまたはアセチルコリンエステラーゼを含む;適当な補欠分子族複合体の例は、ストレプトアビジン/ビオチンおよびアビジン/ビオチンを含む;適当な蛍光物質の例は、ウンベリフェロン、フルオレセイン、フルオレセインイソチオシアネート、ローダミン、ジクロロトリアジニルアミンフルオレセイン、ダンシルクロライドまたはフィコエリスリンを含む;発光物質の例はルミノールである;生物発光物質の例はルシフェラーゼ、ルシフェリンおよびイクオリンを含む;そして適当な放射性物質の例は、125I、131I、35Sまたは3Hを含む。このような標識剤を、放射免疫アッセイ、酵素免疫アッセイ、例えば、ELISA、蛍光免疫アッセイなどの多様な周知アッセイで用い得る。本発明の標識抗体、抗原結合フラグメントおよび融合タンパク質は、例えばUS3,766,162;US3,791,932;US3,817,837;およびUS4,233,402に記載のアッセイにおいて用いられ得る。
本発明の抗体、抗原結合フラグメントおよび融合タンパク質は、当分野で知られる何れの方法によっても製造され得る。例えば、ハイブリドーマテクノロジーを使用してモノクローナル抗体を製造する一般的方法は周知である(Kohler, G. and Milstein, C., 1975; Kozbar et al. 1983)。ある実施態様において、WO2004/076677に記載される別のEBV不死化方法が使用される。
本発明はまた本発明の抗体、抗原結合フラグメントまたは融合タンパク質、本発明の核酸、本発明のベクターおよび/または本発明の細胞を含む、医薬組成物も提供する。
さらなる態様において、本発明は、本発明の抗体、抗原結合フラグメント、融合タンパク質、核酸、ベクター、細胞または医薬組成物またはキットを、(i)B型肝炎および/またはD型肝炎の予防、処置または衰弱;または(ii)B型肝炎および/またはD型肝炎の診断(例えば、ヒト対象における)において使用する方法を提供する。
PCTWO2017/060504からのいくつかのHBC34抗体バリアントの分析により、軽鎖可変領域における40位のシステインアミノ酸(IMGTナンバリング)が、不対であり、易罹患性の可能性を示した。理論に拘束されることを意図しないが、不対システイン残基は反応性である可能性があり、潜在的に分子内混乱または分子間ジスルフィド形成を介して凝集を誘発し得る。HBC34-V7のバリアント(WO2017/060504)を、軽鎖可変領域における40位のシステインアミノ酸をセリン(これにより「HBC34-V34」を産生)またはアラニン(これにより「HBC34-V35」を産生)で置換することにより変換した。これらのさらなるバリアント抗体をコードするヌクレオチド配列をコドン最適化し、抗体をExpiCHOTM細胞(ThermoFisher)でIgG1(g1m17、1アロタイプ)として発現させた。HBC34-V35のVHおよびVLドメインをコードするコドン最適化ヌクレオチド配列を、それぞれ配列番号103および104として提供する。
HBC34-V34およびHBC34-V35が抗原に結合する能力を、直接抗原結合ELISAを使用して試験した。HBC34-V7を比較対照として使用した。図1に示すとおり、HBC34-V34およびHBC34-V35両者は、2つの組み換えHBsAg抗原(「adw」、上部パネル;「adr」、下部パネル)に有効結合し、HBC34-V35は、親HBC34-V7に極めて類似する結合性を有した。
バリアント抗体を、すべての既知HBsAg遺伝子型((A)~(J))との結合について試験した。簡潔には、ヒト上皮性細胞(Hep2細胞)を、10種のHBV遺伝子型A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、IおよびJの各々のHBsAgを発現するプラスミドでトランスフェクトした。全抗体を、複数濃度で、一過性にトランスフェクトした透過性細胞の染色について試験した。トランスフェクション2日後、Hep2細胞を集め、固定し、HBC34および5つの選択バリアントでの免疫染色のためにサポニンで透過処理した。HBC34-V7をコンパレーターとして含めた。トランスフェクト細胞への抗体の結合を、Becton Dickinson FACSCanto2TM(BD Biosciences)とFlowJoソフトウェア(TreeStar)を使用して分析した。図2A~2Jに示すとおり、HBC34-V34およびHBC34-V35は、全10種のHBV HBsAg遺伝子型を認識した。HBC34-V35は、HBC34-V34より幾分強い染色を示した。
これらのデータは、抗体バリアントHBC34-V34およびHBC34-V35が、HBC34-V7と同等レベルでHBsAGを広く認識し、結合することを示す。
Fc領域における修飾は、治療抗体に利点を提供し得る。HBC34-V35を、野生型Fcまたは「MLNS」変異(M428L/N434S)を含むFcもしくはMLNSと「GAALIE」変異の組み合わせ(G239A/A330L/I332E)を含むFcと共にIgG1として発現させた。各構築物を、2つの別々の抗原結合ELISA実験で組み換えHBsAg(adw)との結合について試験した。3ロットのHBC34-v35(野生型Fc)を試験した。2ロットのHBC34-V35-MLNSおよび2ロットのHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEを試験した。HBC34v7(1ロット)をコンパレーターとして試験した。
図3Aおよび3Bに示すとおり、導入したFc変異は、HBC34-V35の抗原結合活性に影響しなかった。各構築物および2つの実験間でEC50値はいくらか変わり、一般に低値であった。
MLNSまたはMLNSおよびGAALIE変異を有するHBC34-V35とHBsAg遺伝子型(A)~(J)またはHBsAgバリアントを発現するEXPI293細胞の結合を評価した。野生型IgG1 Fcを有するHBC34-V35をコンパレーターとして使用した。HBsAg遺伝子型への結合を示すデータを図3C~3Hに示す。HBsAgバリアントへの結合を示すデータを図3I~3Rに示す。
HBC34、HBC34-V35、HBC34-V35-MLNSおよびHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEの中和能を、NTCPを発現するHBV感染HepG2細胞の細胞培養上清におけるHBsAg(A)およびHBeAg(B)のレベルの測定により比較した。データを図3S~3Vに示し、2つの独立した実験の一方からの平均±SDを表す。
HBVウイルスに対するHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEの中和の幅広さを確認するために、中和アッセイを、HBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEを用いて、8種の優勢なヒトHBV遺伝子型に対して実施した。種々の遺伝子型を表すHBV HBsAgを発現するよう操作されたD型肝炎ウイルス(HDV)を利用するインビトロ系を用いた。簡潔には、HBVおよびHDV両者が同じエンベロープタンパク質を共有するため、ヘパラン硫酸プロテオグリカンおよびNTCPを経るそれらウイルス侵入経路は同一であり、HDVをHBsAg介在ウイルス侵入試験のモデル系として使用できる(Tu 2018; Lempp 2016)。さらに、HDVは、異なるHBV遺伝子型のHBsAgでエンベロープ被包/シュードタイプ化され、その後感染試験に使用され得る(Freitas 2014)。
HBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEは、0.92ng/mL(遺伝子型C)~2.34ng/mL(遺伝子型A)の範囲の類似のEC50値で試験した全遺伝子型に対する中和能を示した。これらの結果は、HBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEが試験した全8種のHBV遺伝子型からのHBsAgを担持する感染性ウイルスを中和できることを示し、HBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEのインビボ汎遺伝子型中和活性を支持する(図4)。
移植されたヒト肝細胞を有する免疫欠損マウスを使用して、抗HBV本発明の抗体のHBsAg排除における有効性を試験した。簡潔には、初代ヒト肝細胞をマウス肝細胞が予め酵素で破壊されているSCIDマウスに移植した。マウスはT細胞およびB細胞欠損であった。このモデルは、侵入、伝播、cccDNA制御、肝細胞内因性免疫応答および宿主ゲノムへのウイルス組込みを含むHBV感染の試験に有用である。
マウスに-28日目にマウスあたり1.0×107ウイルスゲノムでHBV、遺伝子型Cを尾静脈注射により接種した。HBVの最初の処置後、0日目の処置をした。HBV感染マウス(n=4/処置群)に、PBS(対照)またはHBC34-V35(1mg/kg、5mg/kgまたは15mg/kg i.p.、2×/週)を投与した。抗体を、抗原結合Fab領域以外マウス化した。
血漿および血清サンプルを試験およびウイルス負荷中定期的に集め、HBV DNA(PCR)およびHB Ag(HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcrAg)を測定した。マウスを6週目に屠殺した。
図5~8に示すとおり、試験した最高用量のHBC34-V35での処置は、ウイルス負荷および肝細胞へのウイルス侵入を低減した。
(1)ヒトFcRおよび補体に結合する;(2)FcγRIIa、FcγRIIbおよびFcγRIIIaを活性化する;および(3)ADCCを促進し、ヒトナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞を活性化するための修飾Fcを有するHBC34抗体の能力を試験するために、インビトロ試験を実施した。使用した試験品、細胞株および試薬を下表5~7に記載する。本実施例では次の略語を使用する。GLP=優良試験所規則;ADCC=抗体依存性細胞傷害;ADCP=抗体依存性細胞貪食;Fc=結晶性フラグメント;HBsAg=B型肝炎表面抗原;mAb=モノクローナル抗体;PBS=リン酸緩衝化食塩水;UHPL-SEC=U超高速液体サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー;ATCC=アメリカ合衆国培養細胞系統保存機関;FcγR=Fcガンマ受容体;CHO細胞=チャイニーズハムスター卵巣細胞;RLU=相対的発光単位;BLI=バイオレイヤー干渉法。
ヒトFc受容体への結合の測定
HBC34-V35-MLNSおよびHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEのヒトFcγRへの結合を、Octet(登録商標)装置(BLI、バイオレイヤー干渉法;ForteBio)で測定した。簡潔には、Hisタグ付ヒトFcγR(FcγRIIaアレルH131、FcγRIIaアレルR131、FcγRIIAaアレルF158、FcγRIIIaアレルV158およびFcγRIIb)を、2μg/mlで抗ペンタ-Hisセンサーに6分間捕捉させた。次いで、FcγR負荷センサーを1μg/mlのaffiniPure F(ab')2フラグメントヤギ抗ヒトIgG、F(ab')2フラグメント特異的(Fabフラグメントを介してヒトmAbを交差架橋するため)存在下、2μg/mlの各mAbを含む動態緩衝液(pH7.1)の溶液に4分間曝し、さらに4分間同じ緩衝液での解離段階が続いた(プロットの右部分)。結合および解離プロファイルを、Octet(登録商標)RED96(ForteBio)を使用して干渉パターンの変化としてリアルタイムで測定した。溶液中のHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIE、HBC34-V35-MLNSまたはHBC34-V35の固定化ヒトFcRnへの結合を、Octetで、pH=6.0またはpH=7.4でリアルタイムで測定した。
HBC34-V35-MLNSおよびHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEのヒト補体への結合を、Octet(登録商標)装置(BLI、バイオレイヤー干渉法;ForteBio)で測定した。簡潔には、抗ヒトFab(CH1特異的)センサーを使用して、Fabフラグメントを介して、HBC34-V35-MLNSおよびHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIE mAbの完全IgG1を、10μg/mlで10分間捕捉させた。次いで、IgG負荷センサーを、3μg/mlの精製ヒトC1qを含む動力学緩衝液(pH7.1)の溶液に4分間曝し(プロットの左部分)、さらに4分間同じ緩衝液での解離段階が続いた(プロットの右部分)。結合および解離プロファイルを、Octet(登録商標)RED96(ForteBio)を使用して干渉パターンの変化としてリアルタイムで測定した。
NK細胞を、製造者の指示に従い、MACSxpress(登録商標)NK単離キットを使用して全EDT血液から新たに単離した。簡潔には、抗凝固血液を50mlチューブで15mlのNK単離カクテルと混合し、5分間、室温で、約12回転/分でローテータを使用して、インキュベートした。次いで、チューブを、15分間、MACSxpress(登録商標)Separatorの磁場に入れた。磁気標識された細胞はチューブの壁に付着し、一方、凝集赤血球は底に沈降した。次いで、チューブは、なおMACSxpress(登録商標)Separator内で、標的NK細胞を上清から集めた。NK細胞を遠心分離し、蒸留水で処理して、残存赤血球を除去し、再び遠心分離し、最後にAIM-V培地に再懸濁した。
mAbを、AIM-V培地で100μg/mlから0.001μg/mlまで10倍連続希釈した。標的細胞(PLC/PRF/5;MacNab, et al., British Journal of Cancer, 34(5), 1976)を、丸底384ウェルプレートに23μl中7.5×103細胞/ウェルで加え、次いで連続希釈抗体を各ウェルに加え(23μl/ウェル)、抗体/細胞混合物を10分間、室温でインキュベートした。インキュベーション後、ヒトNK細胞を、23μl中7.5×104/ウェルの細胞密度で加え、エフェクター対標的比を10:1とした。最大溶解(標的細胞と23μlの3%Triton x-100含有)および自発的溶解(抗体を含まず、標的細胞およびエフェクター細胞含有)を測定するために使用する対照ウェルもまた含んだ。プレートを、4時間、37℃で5%CO2でインキュベートした。細胞死を、製造者の指示に従い、LDH検出キットを使用して、乳酸脱水素酵素(LDH)放出の測定により決定した。すなわち、プレートを4分間、400×gで遠心分離し、35μlの上清を平らな384ウェルプレートに移した。LDH試薬を調製し、35μlを各ウェルに加えた動態学的プロトコールを使用して、490nmおよび650nmでの吸光度 を、8分間、2分毎に1回測定した。パーセント特異的溶解を、次の式の適用により決定した:(特異的放出-自発的放出)/(最大放出-自発的放出)×100。
初代NK細胞の活性化を、ホモ接合型高(V158アレル)または低(F158アレル)親和性FcγRIIIaを発現することが先に遺伝子型同定された2ドナーからの新たに単離した細胞を使用して、試験した。mAbの連続希釈物(AIM-V培地で100μg/mlから0.0001μg/mlまで10倍連続希釈)をNK細胞と4時間インキュベートした。NK細胞の活性化を、NK細胞活性の機能的マーカーとしての抗CD107a mAb(抗CD107 PE、BioLegend(登録商標)、1/35希釈で使用)を用いて、NK細胞を染色することにより、フローサイトメトリーで測定した。
HBC34-V35-MLNSおよびHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEを、ADCCアッセイ緩衝液で5μg/mlから0.076μg/mlまで4倍連続希釈した。標的抗原(Engerix B, Glaxo SmithKlineからのHBsAg)を、25μl中0.6μg/mlで白色平底96ウェルプレートに加え、次いで連続希釈抗体を各ウェルに加え(25μl/ウェル)および抗体/細胞混合物を10分間、室温でインキュベートした。ADCCバイオアッセイのためのエフェクター細胞を解凍し、25μl中7.5×104/ウェルの細胞密度で加えた(最終HBsAg濃度は0.2μg/mlであった)。抗体非依存的活性化(HBsAgおよびエフェクター細胞を含むが、抗体を含まない)およびプレートの自発的発光(ADCCアッセイ緩衝液のみを含むウェル)を測定するために使用する対照ウェルもまた含んだ。プレートを、24時間、37℃で5%CO2でインキュベートした。このバイオアッセイにおけるヒトFcγRIIIa(V158またはF158バリアント)の活性化は、ルシフェラーゼレポーター遺伝子のNFAT介在発現をもたらした。発光を、製造者の指示に従い、Bio-GloTMルシフェラーゼアッセイ試薬を使用して、ルミノメーターで測定した。データ(すなわち、特異的FcγRIIIa活性化)を、次の式を適用して、バックグラウンドを超える相対的発光単位(RLU)の平均として表す:(MAbの濃度x時のRLU-バックグラウンドのRLU)。
HBC34-V35-MLNSおよびHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEを、ADCPアッセイ緩衝液で50μg/mlから0.00013μg/mlまで5倍連続希釈した。標的抗原(Engerix BからのHBsAg)を、白色平底96ウェルプレートに25μl中0.6μg/mlまたは6μg/mlで加え、次いで連続希釈抗体を各ウェルに加え(25μl/ウェル)、抗原/抗体を25分間、室温でインキュベートした。FcγRIIa活性化バイオアッセイのためのエフェクター細胞を解凍し、25μl中50.0×104/ウェルの細胞密度で加えた(最終HBsAg濃度はそれぞれ0.2μg/mlまたは2μg/mlであった)。抗体非依存的活性化(HBsAgおよびエフェクター細胞を含むが、抗体を含まない)およびプレートの自発的発光(ADCPアッセイ緩衝液のみを含むウェル)の測定に使用する対照ウェルもまた含んだ。プレートを、23時間、37℃で5%CO2でインキュベートした。このバイオアッセイにおけるヒトFcγRIIa(H131バリアント)の活性化は、ルシフェラーゼレポーター遺伝子のNFAT介在発現をもたらした。発光を、製造者の指示に従い、Bio-GloTMルシフェラーゼアッセイ試薬を使用して、ルミノメーターで測定した。データ(すなわち、特異的FcγRIIa活性化)を、次の式を適用して、バックグラウンドを超える相対的発光単位(RLU)の平均として表す:(濃度[x]時のmAbのRLU-バックグラウンドのRLU)。
HBC34-V35-MLNSおよびHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEを、ADCPアッセイ緩衝液で100μg/mlから0.00026μg/mlまで5倍連続希釈した。標的抗原(Engerix BからのHBsAg)を、白色平底96ウェルプレートに25μl中3μg/mlで加え、次いで連続希釈抗体を各ウェルに加え(25μl/ウェル)、抗原/抗体を15分間、室温でインキュベートした。FcγRIIb活性化バイオアッセイのためのエフェクター細胞を解凍し、25μl中、75.0×104/ウェルの細胞密度で加えた(最終HBsAg濃度は1μg/mlであった)。抗体非依存的活性化(HBsAgおよびエフェクター細胞を含むが、抗体を含まない)およびプレートの自発的発光(ADCPアッセイ緩衝液のみを含むウェル)の測定に使用する対照ウェルもまた含んだ。プレートを、20時間、37℃で5%CO2でインキュベートした。このバイオアッセイにおけるヒトFcγRIIbの活性化は、ルシフェラーゼレポーター遺伝子のNFAT介在発現をもたらした。発光を、製造者の指示に従い、Bio-GloTMルシフェラーゼアッセイ試薬を使用して、ルミノメーターで測定した。データ(すなわち、特異的FcγRIIb活性化)を、次の式を適用して、バックグラウンドを超える相対的発光単位(RLU)の平均として表す:(濃度[x]時のmAbのRLU-バックグラウンドのRLU)。
PLC/PRF/5細胞を5分間、37℃でトリプシン処理し、7ml増殖培地に移し、400×g、4分間、4℃で遠心分離し、4℃でPBS中徹底的に洗浄した。一部細胞を4%ホルムアルデヒドで固定した(20分間、4℃);その他を固定し、次いで透過処理緩衝液で透過処理した(20分間、4℃)。細胞ペレットを2.64mlの洗浄緩衝液(固定細胞)または透過処理緩衝液(固定および透過細胞)(表7)に再懸濁し、96ウェル丸底プレートに200μl/ウェルで分配した(100'000細胞/ウェルに対応)。プレートを、400g、4分間、4℃で遠心分離した。10μg/mlの最終濃度から開始する試験抗体の連続1:5 5点希釈物を、細胞含有ウェルに加え、30分間、氷上でインキュベートした。洗浄緩衝液(固定細胞)または透過処理緩衝液(固定および透過細胞)で4℃、400×g、4分間の2回洗浄後、50μl/ウェルのAlexa Fluor(登録商標)647標識二次抗体(表7)を細胞に加え、20分間、氷上でインキュベートした。細胞を洗浄緩衝液(固定細胞)または透過処理緩衝液(固定および透過細胞)でさらに2回洗浄し、200μl/ウェルの洗浄緩衝液(固定細胞)または透過処理緩衝液(固定および透過細胞)に再懸濁し、シグナル(MFI、平均蛍光強度)をサイトフルオロメーター(BD FACSCantoTM II)で定量した。
インビボでのHBV中和のために、直接的抗ウイルス機構が重要である。Fc領域と免疫細胞上のFcガンマ受容体(FcγR)の相互作用が介在する間接的Fc依存性作用機構もまたインビボ有効性および内因性免疫応答介在に重要な貢献を果たし得る。FcγR依存性機構は、FcγRへの結合の測定によりインビトロでおよびヒトFcγRの抗体依存性活性化において評価され得る(Hsieh, Y.-T., et al., Journal of Immunological Methods, 441(C), 56-66. doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2016.12.002)。抗体がFcRnおよび補体に結合する能力は、他の興味深い因子である。
また、HBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEのC1qへの結合は、バイオレイヤー干渉法により測定して、消失した(図10)。
HBC34v35-MLNSまたはHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEおよびHBsAg存在下の初代ヒトNK細胞(V/F)の活性化をまた抗CD107a mAbを使用して試験した。データを図15Aおよび15Bに示す。
HBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEとHBV pol/RT阻害剤エンテカビル(ETV)の組み合わせ効果の可能性を同定するために、インビトロ試験を実施した。インビトロ組み合わせ効果を、チェッカーボード形態でHepG2.2.15細胞中HBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEおよびETVを使用して、実施した。HBsAgおよびHBV DNAレベルを読み出しとして使用し、データをMacSynergy II(uab.edu/medicine/peds/macsynergy)を使用して、組み合わせ効果について分析した。正規化のために、未処理HepG2.2.15細胞から得た値を陽性対照として使用し、組織培養培地を陰性対照として使用した。99%信頼での相乗作用プロットを報告のために使用した。データを図16に示す。両者の読み出し情報の相乗作用プロットは、インビトロでHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEとETVの相加効果を示す。顕著に、拮抗作用は観察されなかった。これらのデータは、臨床現場におけるヌクレオシドアナログとHBC34-V35-MLNS-GAALIEの組み合わせの使用を支持する。
抗HBVヒトモノクローナル抗体を、ヒト患者からTraggiai E. et al., 2004, NatMed 10(8): 871-5に記載するのに類似する方法で単離した。抗体を、その可変領域および相補性決定領域(CDR)のヌクレオチドおよびアミノ酸配列の決定により特徴づけし、「HBC24」と名付けた。よって、HBC24は、上の表3に示すCDR、VHおよびVL配列を有するIgG1型完全ヒトモノクローナル抗体である。HBC24のVHおよびVLをコードするヌクレオチド配列の例は、表4に提供される。
HBC24を、生殖細胞系配列に対する可変領域における体細胞変異の存在について分析する。同定された体細胞変異を生殖細胞系配列に戻して、HBC24バリアントを産生する。HBC24およびバリアントを、ここに記載するアッセイを使用して、HBVおよびHBD血清型の結合(インビトロ)および中和(インビトロ;インビボ)について試験する。
両FcモノマーにMLNSおよびGAALIE変異を含むさらなるHBC24バリアントを産生する。選択したバリアントのHCアミノ酸配列を配列番号121および122に示す。バリアントを、ここに記載するアッセイを使用して、(1)抗原へのインビトロ結合;(2)HBV血清型のインビトロ中和について試験する。
Claims (21)
- (i)配列番号91のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖(HC);および
(ii)配列番号93のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖(LC)
を含む、HBsAgに結合する単離抗体。 - 抗体がHBsAg遺伝子型A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、IおよびJまたはこれらの何れかの組み合わせから選択される遺伝子型のHBsAgに結合できる、請求項1の抗体。
- 抗体がB型肝炎ウイルス(HBV)感染を有する哺乳動物におけるHBV DNAの血清濃度を低減できる、請求項1または2の抗体。
- 抗体がHBV感染を有する哺乳動物におけるHBsAgの血清濃度を低減できる、請求項1~3の何れかの抗体。
- 抗体がHBV感染を有する哺乳動物におけるHBeAgの血清濃度を低減できる、請求項1~4の何れかの抗体。
- 抗体がHBV感染を有する哺乳動物におけるHBcrAgの血清濃度を低減できる、請求項1~5の何れかの抗体。
- 請求項1~6の何れかの抗体をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む、単離ポリヌクレオチドであって、所望により、該ヌクレオチド配列が宿主細胞における発現のためにコドン最適化されている、単離ポリヌクレオチド。
- (i)配列番号103および配列番号105の何れかのヌクレオチド配列と少なくとも90%同一性を有するヌクレオチド配列、または(ii)配列番号103のVHコード化ヌクレオチド配列、および配列番号105のVLコード化ヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項7のポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項7または8のポリヌクレオチドを含む、ベクター。
- ベクターがレンチウイルスベクターまたはレトロウイルスベクターを含む、請求項9のベクター。
- 請求項7または8の異種ポリヌクレオチドを含む、宿主細胞。
- (i)請求項1~6の何れかの抗体;
(ii)請求項7または8のポリヌクレオチド;
(iii)請求項9または10のベクター;
(iv)請求項11の宿主細胞;または
(v)(i)~(iv)の何れかの組み合わせ
および薬学的に許容される添加物、希釈剤または担体
を含む、医薬組成物。 - (a)
(i)請求項1~6の何れかの抗体;
(ii)請求項7または8のポリヌクレオチド;
(iii)請求項9または10のベクター;
(iv)請求項11の宿主細胞;
(v)請求項12の医薬組成物;または
(vi)(i)~(v)の何れかの組み合わせ
から選択される成分;および
(b)B型肝炎感染および/またはD型肝炎感染の予防、処置、減弱および/または診断のために該成分を使用するための指示
を含む、キット。 - (i)所望によりラミブジン、アデフォビル、エンテカビル、テルビブジン、テノフォビルまたはこれらの何れかの組み合わせを含むポリメラーゼ阻害剤;
(ii)所望によりIFNベータおよび/またはIFNアルファを含むインターフェロン(iii)所望により抗PD-1抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント、抗PD-L1抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントおよび/または抗CTLA4抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントを含むチェックポイント阻害剤;
(iv)刺激性免疫チェックポイント分子のアゴニスト;または
(v)(i)~(iv)の何れかの組み合わせ
をさらに含む、請求項12の医薬組成物または請求項13のキット。 - 請求項11の宿主細胞を、抗体の産生に十分な条件下かつ時間培養することを含む、請求項1~6の何れかの抗体を産生する方法。
- 対象におけるB型肝炎ウイルス感染および/またはD型肝炎ウイルス感染を予防、処置、減弱および/または診断することにおける使用のための、(i)請求項1~6の何れかの抗体;(ii)請求項7または8のポリヌクレオチド;(iii)請求項9または10のベクター;(iv)請求項11の宿主細胞;および/または(v)請求項12の医薬組成物。
- 請求項16の使用のための抗体、ポリヌクレオチド、ベクター、宿主細胞、および/または医薬組成物であって、抗体、ポリヌクレオチド、ベクター、宿主細胞、および/または医薬組成物は、一緒に投与されるものである、および/または対象は以下:
(v)所望によりラミブジン、アデフォビル、エンテカビル、テルビブジン、テノフォビルまたはこれらの何れかの組み合わせを含むポリメラーゼ阻害剤;(vi)所望によりIFNベータおよび/またはIFNアルファを含むインターフェロン;(vii)所望により抗PD-1抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント、抗PD-L1抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントおよび/または抗CTLA4抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントを含むチェックポイント阻害剤;(viii)刺激性免疫チェックポイント分子のアゴニスト;または(ix)(v)~(viii)の何れかの組み合わせ
の1以上を受けている、または受けるものである、抗体、ポリヌクレオチド、ベクター、宿主細胞、および/または医薬組成物。 - 請求項16または17の使用のための抗体、ポリヌクレオチド、ベクター、宿主細胞、および/または医薬組成物であって、B型肝炎感染が慢性B型肝炎ウイルス感染である;および/または対象が肝移植を受けている、対象がB型肝炎ウイルスに対して免疫化されていない、対象が新生児である、および/または対象が血液透析を受けるまたは受けている、抗体、ポリヌクレオチド、ベクター、宿主細胞、および/または医薬組成物。
- B型肝炎ウイルスをインビトロで検出する方法であって、
(i)サンプルと請求項1~6の何れかの抗体を接触させ;そして
(ii)抗原と抗体を含む複合体を検出する
ことを含む、方法。 - サンプルが対象から単離した血液を含む、請求項19の方法。
- 抗B型肝炎ウイルスおよび/または抗D型肝炎ウイルスワクチンに正しい立体構造でエピトープが存在するかしないかを検出する方法であって、
(i)ワクチンと請求項1~6の何れかの抗体を接触させ;そして
(ii)抗原と抗体を含むまたは抗原と抗原結合フラグメントを含むまたは抗原と融合タンパク質を含む複合体が形成されているかを決定する
ことを含む、方法。
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