JP7446665B2 - リチウム二次電池用非水電解液およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用非水電解液およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7446665B2 JP7446665B2 JP2023539905A JP2023539905A JP7446665B2 JP 7446665 B2 JP7446665 B2 JP 7446665B2 JP 2023539905 A JP2023539905 A JP 2023539905A JP 2023539905 A JP2023539905 A JP 2023539905A JP 7446665 B2 JP7446665 B2 JP 7446665B2
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- lithium secondary
- lithium
- secondary battery
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- positive electrode
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 44
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- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910004406 Li(Ni0.6Mn0.2CO0.2)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910004437 Li(Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- UFHILTCGAOPTOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound C=C[Si](C=C)(C=C)C=C UFHILTCGAOPTOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Description
RおよびR’は、それぞれ独立して、水素または炭素数1~10のアルキル基であり、
R1~R3は、それぞれ独立して、水素または炭素数1~10のアルキル基であり、
nは、1~10の整数である。
本発明は、リチウム塩と、有機溶媒と、化学式1で表される化合物と、を含むリチウム二次電池用非水電解液を提供する。
本発明の非水電解液は、下記化学式1で表される化合物を含む。
RおよびR’は、それぞれ独立して、水素または炭素数1~10のアルキル基であり、
R1~R3は、それぞれ独立して、水素または炭素数1~10のアルキル基であり、
nは、1~10の整数である。
本発明の非水電解液は、高電圧環境で電解液が分解されて電極の崩壊が引き起こされることを防止するか、低温高率放電特性、高温安定性、過充電防止、高温での電池膨張抑制の効果などをさらに向上させるために、必要に応じて、下記の添加剤を選択的にさらに含んでもよい。
本発明の非水電解液は、有機溶媒を含む。
本発明の非水電解液は、リチウム塩を含む。
次に、本発明に係るリチウム二次電池について説明する。
本発明に係る正極は正極活物質を含み、正極活物質、バインダー、導電材、および溶媒などを含む正極スラリーを正極集電体上にコーティングした後、乾燥および圧延することで製造することができる。
Li1+x(NiaCobMncMd)O2
Mは、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選択される何れか1つ以上であり、
1+x、a、b、c、およびdは、それぞれ独立の元素の原子分率であって、
-0.2≦x≦0.2、0.50≦a<1、0<b≦0.3、0<c≦0.3、0≦d≦0.1、a+b+c+d=1である。
本発明に係る負極は負極活物質を含み、負極活物質、バインダー、導電材、および溶媒などを含む負極スラリーを負極集電体上にコーティングした後、乾燥および圧延することで製造することができる。
本発明に係るリチウム二次電池は、前記正極と負極との間にセパレータを含む。
実施例1.
(非水電解液の製造)
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を30:70の体積比で混合した後、LiPF6が1.0Mとなるように溶解させ、非水性有機溶液を製造した。前記化学式1aで表される化合物0.5wt%および残部の前記非水性有機溶液を混合し、非水電解液100wt%を製造した。
N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)に、正極活物質としてLi(Ni0.9Mn0.03Co0.06Al0.01)O2、導電材(カーボンブラック)、およびバインダー(ポリビニリデンフルオライド)を97.6:0.8:1.6の重量比で添加し、正極スラリー(固形分の含量:60重量%)を製造した。前記正極スラリーを、厚さ13.5μmの正極集電体であるアルミニウム(Al)薄膜に塗布および乾燥した後、ロールプレス(roll press)を行って正極を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、化学式1aで表される化合物の含量を0.3wt%に変更し、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)0.5wt%をさらに添加したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法によりリチウム二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、前記化学式1aで表される化合物を添加しなかったことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法によりリチウム二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、前記化学式1aで表される化合物を添加しなかったことを除き、前記実施例2と同様の方法によりリチウム二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例1および比較例1で製造された非水電解液を60℃で4週間放置した後、電解液中のフッ化水素(HF)の含量を酸-塩基中和滴定により測定した(単位ppm)。測定装置としてはMetrohm 785 DMP Titrinoを使用し、滴定試料としては、0.1Nの水酸化ナトリウム溶液(Sodium hydroxide standard solution)を使用した。具体的に、マグネチックバー付きの250mLのビーカーに冷たい三次蒸留水を約100mL注入した後、ビーカーを氷槽(ice bath)に入れ、3℃となるまで待ってから、3℃になるとビーカーに電極とドージングチューブ(dosing tube)を浸して撹拌した。撹拌した状態で、前記実施例1および比較例1の非水電解液をそれぞれ投入した後、正確な試料の重量を入力して滴定を開始し、滴定により測定されたHFの濃度を下記表1に記載した。
前記実施例2および比較例2で製造されたそれぞれのリチウム二次電池を、0.1C CCで活性化した後、脱ガスを行った。
Claims (12)
- リチウム塩と、有機溶媒と、下記化学式1で表される化合物と、を含む、リチウム二次電池用非水電解液:
RおよびR’は、それぞれ独立して、水素または炭素数1~10のアルキル基であり、
R1~R3は、それぞれ独立して、水素または炭素数1~10のアルキル基であり、
nは、1~10の整数である。) - 前記化学式1のR1~R3のうち少なくとも1つは、炭素数1~10のアルキル基である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記化学式1のR2は、炭素数1~10のアルキル基である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記化学式1のRおよびR’は、それぞれ水素である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記化学式1で表される化合物の含量が、前記非水電解液の全重量を基準として0.1重量%~5重量%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記化学式1で表される化合物の含量が、前記非水電解液の全重量を基準として0.1重量%~1重量%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- ビニレンカーボネート、1,3-プロパンスルトン、エチレンサルフェート、およびリチウムジフルオロホスフェートからなる群から選択される何れか1つ以上の添加剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記有機溶媒は、環状カーボネート系溶媒および直鎖状カーボネート系溶媒の混合物を含むものである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 正極活物質を含む正極と、
負極活物質を含む負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に介在されるセパレータと、
請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解液と、を含む、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極活物質は、下記化学式2で表されるリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を含むものである、請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池:
[化学式2]
Li1+x(NiaCobMncMd)O2
(前記化学式2中、
Mは、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、およびMoからなる群から選択される何れか1つ以上であり、
1+x、a、b、c、およびdは、それぞれ独立の元素の原子分率であって、
-0.2≦x≦0.2、0.50≦a<1、0<b≦0.3、0<c≦0.3、0≦d≦0.1、a+b+c+d=1である。) - 前記正極活物質は、遷移金属中のニッケルのモル比が70モル%以上である、請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は、シリコン系物質を含むものである、請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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