JP7419453B2 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7419453B2 JP7419453B2 JP2022122517A JP2022122517A JP7419453B2 JP 7419453 B2 JP7419453 B2 JP 7419453B2 JP 2022122517 A JP2022122517 A JP 2022122517A JP 2022122517 A JP2022122517 A JP 2022122517A JP 7419453 B2 JP7419453 B2 JP 7419453B2
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- Prior art keywords
- transistor
- oxide
- insulating layer
- circuit
- wiring
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- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/7869—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate
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- H01L29/78645—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with multiple gate
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Description
<半導体装置100>
図1は、本発明の一態様の半導体装置100の構成例を示す回路図である。半導体装置100は、電圧生成回路110、電圧保持回路120、温度検知回路130、および電圧制御回路140を有する。電圧保持回路120と電圧制御回路140の節点をノードNDと呼ぶ。電圧保持回路120と電圧制御回路140は、ノードNDを介して出力端子VOUTと電気的に接続される。
電圧生成回路110の回路構成例を図3(A)、(B)に示す。これらの回路図は降圧型のチャージポンプであり、入力端子INにGNDが入力され、出力端子OUTからVBG0が出力される。ここでは、一例として、チャージポンプ回路の基本回路の段数は4段としているが、これに限定されず任意の段数でチャージポンプ回路を構成してもよい。
電圧保持回路120は、トランジスタM12を有する(図1(A)参照)。トランジスタM12の第1端子(ソースまたはドレインの一方)は電圧生成回路110に電気的に接続され、トランジスタM12の第2端子(ソースまたはドレインの他方)はノードNDに電気的に接続されている。
温度検知回路130は、温度センサ131と、アナログ-デジタル変換回路(「ADC」ともいう。)132を有する(図5参照。)。
図2(A)を用いて説明したように、OSトランジスタは、低温になるほどVthがプラス側にシフトしてオン電流が低下する。その結果、回路の動作速度が低下する。また、高温になるほどVthがマイナス側にシフトし、カットオフ電流が増大する。これは、回路にとって動作可能な温度範囲を狭めてしまう要因となる。電圧制御回路140を用いてノードNDに動作温度に応じた補正電圧を印加することで、半導体装置100の出力端子VOUTから出力される電圧を補正し、出力端子VOUTと電気的に接続された回路の動作可能な温度範囲を広げることが出来る。
図7は半導体装置100の動作例を説明するタイミングチャートである。本実施の形態では、トランジスタM11がOSトランジスタであり、動作温度が100℃~-50℃の範囲で変化する場合に、電圧VBiasが0V~7.5Vの範囲で直線的に変化する動作例について説明する。また、動作温度が20℃の時に電圧VBGが-3Vになるものとする。
期間T0はリセット期間である。期間T0において、バッファBF1乃至バッファBF4の各出力からL電位(0V)を出力する。また、電圧VBG0を-7Vとし、トランジスタM12をオン状態にする。よって、電圧VBGが-7Vになる。期間T0において、温度検知回路130は、デジタル信号VDの出力を停止してもよい。また、温度検知回路130の動作を停止してもよい。
期間T1において、トランジスタM12をオフ状態にする。ノードNDの電圧が-7Vに保持される。よって、電圧VBGも-7Vのままである。
期間T2において、温度検知回路130から電圧制御回路140にデジタル信号VD(温度情報)が供給される。例えば、20℃を示すデジタル信号VDとして”1000”を電圧制御回路140に供給する。
期間T3において、温度検知回路130から電圧制御回路140にデジタル信号VD(温度情報)が供給される。例えば、50℃を示すデジタル信号VDとして”0101”を電圧制御回路140に供給する。
期間T4において、温度検知回路130から電圧制御回路140にデジタル信号VD(温度情報)が供給される。例えば、-20℃を示すデジタル信号VDとして”1100”を電圧制御回路140に供給する。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1に記載の半導体装置100を用いた記憶装置について説明する。
図8は、記憶装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。記憶装置300は、周辺回路311、セルアレイ401、および半導体装置100を有する。周辺回路311は、ローデコーダ321、ワード線ドライバ回路322、ビット線ドライバ回路330、出力回路340、コントロールロジック回路360を有する。
図9にセルアレイ401の構成例を示す。セルアレイ401は、一列にm(mは1以上の整数である。)個、一行にn(nは1以上の整数である。)個、計m×n個のメモリセル411を有し、メモリセル411は行列状に配置されている。図9では、メモリセル411のアドレスも併せて表記しており、[1,1]、[m,1]、[i,j]、[1,n]、[m,n](iは、1以上m以下の整数であり、jは、1以上n以下の整数である。)のアドレスに位置しているメモリセル411を図示している。なお、セルアレイ401とワード線ドライバ回路322とを接続している配線の数は、メモリセル411の構成、一列中に含まれるメモリセル411の数などによって決まる。また、セルアレイ401とビット線ドライバ回路330とを接続している配線の数は、メモリセル411の構成、一行中に含まれるメモリセル411の数などによって決まる。
図10に、上述のメモリセル411に適用できるメモリセル411A乃至メモリセル411Eの構成例を示す。
図10(A)に、DRAM型のメモリセル411Aの回路構成例を示す。本明細書等において、OSトランジスタを用いたDRAMを、DOSRAM(Dynamic Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory)呼ぶ。メモリセル411Aは、トランジスタM11と、容量素子CAと、を有する。
図10(B)に、2つのトランジスタと1つの容量素子を有するゲインセル型(「2Tr1C型」ともいう。)のメモリセル411Bの回路構成例を示す。メモリセル411Bは、トランジスタM11と、トランジスタM3と、容量素子CBと、を有する。
図10(E)に、OSトランジスタを用いたSRAM(Static Random Access Memory)型のメモリセル411Eの回路構成例を示す。本明細書等において、OSトランジスタを用いたSRAMを、oxSRAMと呼ぶ。なお、図10(E)に示すメモリセル411Eは、バックアップ可能なSRAM型のメモリセルである。
本実施の形態では、記憶装置300の断面構成例について図面を用いて説明する。
図11に、記憶装置300の一部の断面を示す。図11に示す記憶装置300は、基板231上に、層310および層320を積層している。図11では、基板231として単結晶半導体基板(例えば、単結晶シリコン基板)を用いる場合を示している。
図11において、層310は、基板231上にトランジスタ233a、トランジスタ233b、およびトランジスタ233cを有する。図11では、トランジスタ233a、トランジスタ233b、およびトランジスタ233cのチャネル長方向の断面を示している。
層320は、層310上に設けられる。層320は、トランジスタ368a、トランジスタ368b、容量素子369a、および容量素子369bを有する。図11では、トランジスタ368aおよびトランジスタ368bのチャネル長方向の断面を示している。なお、トランジスタ368a、およびトランジスタ368bは、バックゲートを有するトランジスタである。
図12に記憶装置300Aの一部の断面を示す。記憶装置300Aは記憶装置300の変形例である。記憶装置300Aは、層310Aおよび層320を有する。記憶装置300Aでは、基板231として絶縁性基板(例えば、ガラス基板)を用いる。
〔基板〕
基板として用いる材料に大きな制限はないが、少なくとも後の加熱処理に耐えうる程度の耐熱性を有していることが必要となる。例えば、基板としてシリコンや炭化シリコンなどを材料とした単結晶半導体基板、多結晶半導体基板、シリコンゲルマニウムなどを材料とした化合物半導体基板等を用いることができる。また、SOI基板や、半導体基板上に歪トランジスタやFIN型トランジスタなどの半導体素子が設けられたものなどを用いることもできる。または、高電子移動度トランジスタ(HEMT:High Electron Mobility Transistor)に適用可能なヒ化ガリウム、ヒ化アルミニウムガリウム、ヒ化インジウムガリウム、窒化ガリウム、リン化インジウム、シリコンゲルマニウムなどを用いてもよい。すなわち、基板は、単なる支持基板に限らず、他のトランジスタなどのデバイスが形成された基板であってもよい。
絶縁層は、窒化アルミニウム、酸化アルミニウム、窒化酸化アルミニウム、酸化窒化アルミニウム、酸化マグネシウム、窒化シリコン、酸化シリコン、窒化酸化シリコン、酸化窒化シリコン、酸化ガリウム、酸化ゲルマニウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化ランタン、酸化ネオジム、酸化ハフニウム、酸化タンタル、アルミニウムシリケートなどから選ばれた材料を、単層でまたは積層して用いる。また、酸化物材料、窒化物材料、酸化窒化物材料、窒化酸化物材料のうち、複数の材料を混合した材料を用いてもよい。
電極を形成するための導電性材料としては、アルミニウム、クロム、銅、銀、金、白金、タンタル、ニッケル、チタン、モリブデン、タングステン、ハフニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、マンガン、マグネシウム、ジルコニウム、ベリリウム、インジウムなどから選ばれた金属元素を1種以上含む材料を用いることができる。また、リン等の不純物元素を含有させた多結晶シリコンに代表される、電気伝導度が高い半導体、ニッケルシリサイドなどのシリサイドを用いてもよい。
半導体層として、単結晶半導体、多結晶半導体、微結晶半導体、または非晶質半導体などを、単体でまたは組み合わせて用いることができる。半導体材料としては、例えば、シリコンや、ゲルマニウムなどを用いることができる。また、シリコンゲルマニウム、炭化シリコン、ガリウムヒ素、酸化物半導体、窒化物半導体などの化合物半導体や、有機半導体などを用いることができる。
金属酸化物の一種である酸化物半導体は、少なくともインジウムまたは亜鉛を含むことが好ましい。特にインジウムおよび亜鉛を含むことが好ましい。また、それらに加えて、アルミニウム、ガリウム、イットリウムまたはスズなどが含まれていることが好ましい。また、ホウ素、シリコン、チタン、鉄、ニッケル、ゲルマニウム、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、ランタン、セリウム、ネオジム、ハフニウム、タンタル、タングステン、またはマグネシウムなどから選ばれた一種、または複数種が含まれていてもよい。
以下では、本発明の一態様で開示されるトランジスタに用いることができるCAC(Cloud-Aligned Composite)-OSの構成について説明する。
金属酸化物の一種である酸化物半導体は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体としては、例えば、CAAC-OS(c-axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor)、多結晶酸化物半導体、nc-OS(nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor)、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a-like OS:amorphous-like oxide semiconductor)および非晶質酸化物半導体などがある。
続いて、上記金属酸化物をトランジスタのチャネル形成領域に用いる場合について説明する。
ここで、金属酸化物中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
絶縁層を形成するための絶縁性材料、電極を形成するための導電性材料、または半導体層を形成するための半導体材料は、スパッタリング法、スピンコート法、CVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition)法(熱CVD法、MOCVD(Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition)法、PECVD(Plasma Enhanced CVD)法、高密度プラズマCVD(High density plasma CVD)法、LPCVD(low pressure CVD)法、APCVD(atmospheric pressure CVD)法等を含む)、ALD(Atomic Layer Deposition)法、または、MBE(Molecular Beam Epitaxy)法、または、PLD(Pulsed Laser Deposition)法、ディップ法、スプレー塗布法、液滴吐出法(インクジェット法など)、印刷法(スクリーン印刷、オフセット印刷など)を用いて形成することができる。
本実施の形態では、上記実施の形態に示した半導体装置などに用いることができるトランジスタの構造例について説明する。
図13(A)、(B)および(C)を用いてトランジスタ510の構造例を説明する。図13(A)はトランジスタ510の上面図である。図13(B)は、図13(A)に一点鎖線L1-L2で示す部位の断面図である。図13(C)は、図13(A)に一点鎖線W1-W2で示す部位の断面図である。なお、図13(A)の上面図では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いて図示している。
図14(A)、(B)および(C)を用いてトランジスタ510の構造例を説明する。図14(A)はトランジスタ520の上面図である。図14(B)は、図14(A)に一点鎖線L1-L2で示す部位の断面図である。図14(C)は、図14(A)に一点鎖線W1-W2で示す部位の断面図である。なお、図14(A)の上面図では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いて図示している。
図15(A)、(B)および(C)を用いてトランジスタ535の構造例を説明する。図15(A)はトランジスタ535の上面図である。図15(B)は、図15(A)に一点鎖線で示すL1-L2部位の断面図である。図15(C)は、図15(A)に一点鎖線で示すW1-W2部位の断面図である。なお、図15(A)の上面図では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いて図示している。
本実施の形態は、上記実施の形態に示す記憶装置などが組み込まれた電子部品および電子機器の一例を示す。
まず、記憶装置300が組み込まれた電子部品の例を、図16(A)、(B)を用いて説明を行う。
次に、上記電子部品を備えた電子機器の例について図17を用いて説明を行う。
本実施の形態では、先の実施の形態に示す半導体装置を用いた記憶装置の応用例について説明する。先の実施の形態に示す半導体装置は、例えば、各種電子機器(例えば、情報端末、コンピュータ、スマートフォン、電子書籍端末、デジタルカメラ(ビデオカメラも含む)、録画再生装置、ナビゲーションシステムなど)の記憶装置に適用できる。なお、ここで、コンピュータとは、タブレット型のコンピュータや、ノート型のコンピュータや、デスクトップ型のコンピュータの他、サーバシステムのような大型のコンピュータを含むものである。または、先の実施の形態に示す半導体装置は、メモリカード(例えば、SDカード)、USBメモリ、SSD(ソリッド・ステート・ドライブ)等の各種のリムーバブル記憶装置に適用される。図18にリムーバブル記憶装置の幾つかの構成例を模式的に示す。例えば、先の実施の形態に示す半導体装置は、パッケージングされたメモリチップに加工され、様々なストレージ装置、リムーバブルメモリに用いられる。
Claims (6)
- 第1回路と、第2回路と、第3回路と、第4回路と、出力端子と、を有する半導体装置であって、
前記第1回路は、前記第2回路に電圧を供給する機能有し、
前記第2回路は、前記出力端子に第1電圧を供給する機能と、前記出力端子の電圧を保持する機能と、を有し、
前記第3回路は、温度情報を取得する機能と、前記温度情報に応じたデジタル信号を前記第4回路に供給する機能と、を有し、
前記第4回路は、前記デジタル信号に応じた第2電圧を出力する機能を有し、
前記出力端子の電圧は、前記第1電圧と前記第2電圧を合計した電圧であり、
前記出力端子は、第1のトランジスタのバックゲートと電気的に接続され、
前記第2回路が有する第2のトランジスタのチャネル長は、前記第1のトランジスタのチャネル長よりも大きい、半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第2回路は、前記第2のトランジスタを含む複数のトランジスタを有し、
前記複数のトランジスタは、直列に接続されている、半導体装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記第2のトランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に酸化物半導体を含む、半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一において、
前記出力端子は、第3のトランジスタのバックゲート及び第4のトランジスタのバックゲートと電気的に接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのチャネル長は、前記第3のトランジスタのチャネル長及び前記第4のトランジスタのチャネル長よりも大きい、半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一において、
前記第4回路は、複数の容量素子を有し、
前記複数の容量素子は、それぞれが前記出力端子と電気的に接続する、半導体装置。 - 請求項5において、
前記複数の容量素子は、それぞれ異なる容量値を有する、半導体装置。
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EP4135038A4 (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2024-02-21 | Optohub Co., Ltd | SEMICONDUCTOR IMAGE SENSOR |
CN113964119A (zh) | 2020-07-21 | 2022-01-21 | 联华电子股份有限公司 | 半导体元件 |
CN114420762A (zh) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-04-29 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种氧化物薄膜晶体管及其制作方法和显示装置 |
US11450355B1 (en) | 2021-05-03 | 2022-09-20 | Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation | Semiconductor memory with temperature dependence |
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JP7117322B2 (ja) | 2022-08-12 |
TW201929152A (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
US20200373302A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
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JP2022166052A (ja) | 2022-11-01 |
JP2024041876A (ja) | 2024-03-27 |
TWI779136B (zh) | 2022-10-01 |
KR20200096521A (ko) | 2020-08-12 |
JPWO2019111113A1 (ja) | 2020-12-03 |
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