JP7388546B2 - 半導体モジュール - Google Patents
半導体モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- JP7388546B2 JP7388546B2 JP2022516865A JP2022516865A JP7388546B2 JP 7388546 B2 JP7388546 B2 JP 7388546B2 JP 2022516865 A JP2022516865 A JP 2022516865A JP 2022516865 A JP2022516865 A JP 2022516865A JP 7388546 B2 JP7388546 B2 JP 7388546B2
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- diode
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- wiring
- terminal
- inductance
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
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- H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
- H01L27/06—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
- H01L27/0611—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration integrated circuits having a two-dimensional layout of components without a common active region
- H01L27/0617—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration integrated circuits having a two-dimensional layout of components without a common active region comprising components of the field-effect type
- H01L27/0629—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration integrated circuits having a two-dimensional layout of components without a common active region comprising components of the field-effect type in combination with diodes, or resistors, or capacitors
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Description
この出願は、2020年4月21日に出願された日本特許出願、特願2020-075679に基づく優先権を主張し、その内容を援用する。
<<<電子回路10の一例>>>
図1は、本発明の一実施形態である電子回路10の構成を示す図である。電子回路10は、モータコイル等の負荷(不図示)を駆動するためのハーフブリッジ回路であり、NMOSトランジスタ(n-Type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistor)M0~M3、ダイオードSBD0~SBD3、及び正極端子P,出力端子U,負極端子N,制御端子IN1,IN2を含んで構成される。
図2は、例えば、デッドタイム期間において、上アームのダイオードBD0,SBD0に流れる電流を説明するための図である。なお、本実施形態では、デッドタイム期間において、ダイオードBD0,SBD0に流れる電流と、ダイオードBD1,SBD1に流れる電流とは、同様であるため、ここでは、ダイオードBD0,SBD0に流れる電流のみを説明する。
式(1)において、経路P2に流れる電流をi2とし、di2/dtを、経路P2へ流れる電流i2の時間変化としている。なお、電流i2の時間変化は、例えば、負荷に流れる電流と、スイッチング素子がオンからオフするまでの時間と、で定まる値であり、例えば、0.1~10A/nsecである。
式(2)を変形し、順方向電圧Vf1を2.5V、順方向電圧Vf2を0.7V、di2/dt(=di1/dt)を10A/nsecとすると、以下の式(3)に示す関係式が得られる。
>(2.5-0.7)×(1/10)
>0.18・・・(3)
この結果、インダクタンスLb,Ldの合計値を、インダクタンスLi,Ljの合計値より、例えば、0.18nHより大きくすれは、経路P1,P2を介して電流i1,i2が流れ、ダイオードSBD0に大きな電流が流れることを防ぐことができる。
図3は、例えば、デッドタイム期間において、下アームのダイオードSBD2,BD2に流れる電流を説明するための図である。なお、本実施形態では、デッドタイム期間において、ダイオードBD2,SBD2に流れる電流と、ダイオードBD3,SBD3に流れる電流とは、同様であるため、ここでは、ダイオードBD2,SBD2に流れる電流のみを説明する。
図4は、電子回路10を具現化した半導体モジュール80の一例を示す平面模式図であり、図5は、半導体モジュール80の構造を説明するための模式図である。なお、本実施形態では、電子回路10の複数のスイッチング素子及び還流ダイオードは、同じ構造で半導体モジュール80に実装されている。したがって、図5では、便宜上、上アームのNMOSトランジスタM0、及びダイオードSBD0のみを図示している。
積層基板110は、絶縁板200と、絶縁板200のおもて面(上側)に形成された、導電パターン210,220,230と、を含む。絶縁板200は、例えばセラミックスまたは樹脂で構成される。導電パターン210,220,230は、例えば銅、アルミニウムまたはこれらを含む合金で構成される。積層基板110は、更に、絶縁板200の裏面(下側)に放熱板201を備えてもよい。このように構成される絶縁回路基板は、例えば、DCB(Direct Copper Bonding)基板やAMB(Active Metal Brazing)基板で形成される。本実施の形態では、積層基板110は、上アームの素子が実装されたDBC(Direct Bonded Copper)基板である。
導電パターン210は、上アームのスイッチング素子を制御するための信号が入力される制御端子IN1が実装されている。ここで、図5に示すように、導電パターン210には、制御端子IN1が、接合材252(例えば、はんだ)を介して、取り付けられている。導電パターン210は、NMOSトランジスタM0のゲート電極G1とボンディングワイヤ(以下、単にワイヤと称する。)を介して接続され、NMOSトランジスタM1のゲート電極とワイヤを介して接続されている。
導電パターン220は、電源側の正極端子P、NMOSトランジスタM0,M1、及びダイオードSBD0,SBD1が実装されている。ここで、図5に示すように、導電パターン220には、NMOSトランジスタM0の裏面に形成されたドレイン電極D1が、接合材250(例えば、はんだ)を介して、取り付けられている。本実施形態では、ダイオードBD0のカソードK1は、ドレイン電極D1と共通であるため、結果的に、ダイオードBD0のカソードK1も、導電パターン220に接続されることになる。
図4の導電パターン230は、出力端子Uと電気的に接続されたパターンである。より具体的には、出力端子Uが実装された導電パターン320(後述)からのワイヤが接続されたパターンである。導電パターン230は、ワイヤW0を介してNMOSトランジスタM0のソース電極S1及びダイオードBD0のアノードA1に接続されている。そして、ソース電極S1からのワイヤW1は、ダイオードSBD0のアノードA0に接続されている。
積層基板111は、下アームの素子が実装されたDBC基板である。積層基板111は、積層基板110と同様の構成であるため、詳細な説明は省略するが、積層基板111における絶縁板300のおもて面には、導電パターン310,320,330が形成されている。
導電パターン310は、下アームのスイッチング素子を制御するための信号が入力される制御端子IN2が実装されている。導電パターン310には、制御端子IN2が、接合材(例えば、はんだ)を介して、取り付けられている。導電パターン310は、NMOSトランジスタM2のゲート電極G2とワイヤを介して接続され、NMOSトランジスタM3のゲート電極とワイヤを介して接続されている。
導電パターン320は、負荷が接続される出力端子U、NMOSトランジスタM2,M3、及びダイオードSBD2,SBD3が実装されている。なお、これらの素子と、導電パターン320との接続関係は、図5で説明した、NMOSトランジスタM0、及びダイオードSBD0と、導電パターン220との接続関係と同じである。
導電パターン330は、接地側の負極端子Nが実装されている。導電パターン330には、負極端子Nが、接合材(例えば、はんだ)を介して、取り付けられている。導電パターン330は、NMOSトランジスタM2のソース電極S2とワイヤW2を介して接続され、NMOSトランジスタM3のソース電極とワイヤを介して接続されている。
ここで、半導体モジュール80において、出力端子Uから正極端子Pへの電流について、図7、及び図8を参照しつつ説明する。出力端子Uからの電流は、導電パターン320、導電パターン320と導電パターン230とに接続されたワイヤ、導電パターン230、及びワイヤW0を介して、NMOSトランジスタM0のソース電極S1(ダイオードBD0のアノードA1)へと流れる。また、ワイヤW0からの電流は、ワイヤW1を介してダイオードSBD0のアノードA0へと供給される。
つぎに、半導体モジュール80において、負極端子Nから出力端子Uへの電流について、図9、及び図10を参照しつつ説明する。負極端子Nからの電流は、導電パターン330と、ワイヤW2と、を介し、NMOSトランジスタM2のソース電極S2(ダイオードBD2のアノードA2)へと流れる。また、ワイヤW2からの電流は、ワイヤW3を介してダイオードSBD2のアノードA3へと供給される。
ここで、例えば、上アームのダイオードSBD0が電流により破壊されることを防ぐためには、図2の配線51のインダクタンスLb、または配線53のインダクタンスLdの少なくとも何れか一方を大きくすれば良い。
配線51が、ワイヤで実現される場合、ワイヤの長さを長くすること、ワイヤの断面積を小さくすること、または、ワイヤの曲率を大きくすることにより、インダクタンスLbを大きくすることができる。
図11は、ワイヤの長さを調整した実施形態を説明するための図である。図11において、図4と同じ符号が付された構成は同じである。このため、ここでは、NMOSトランジスタM0へのワイヤW10と、ダイオードSBD0へのワイヤW11と、を中心に説明する。なお、図11では、導電パターン220において、ダイオードSBD0は、NMOSトランジスタM0から離れた位置に実装されていることとする。
図13は、ワイヤの断面積を調整した実施形態を説明するための図である。図13において、図4と同じ符号が付された構成は同じである。このため、ここでは、NMOSトランジスタM0へのワイヤW20と、ダイオードSBD0へのワイヤW21と、を中心に説明する。
図14は、ワイヤの曲率を調整した実施形態を説明するための図である。図14において、図4と同じ符号が付された構成は同じである。このため、ここでは、NMOSトランジスタM0へのワイヤW30と、ダイオードSBD0へのワイヤW31と、を中心に説明する。
つぎに、図2の配線53が、配線パターンで実現される場合について説明する。ここで、配線53が、配線パターンで実現される場合、例えば、配線パターンの長さを長くすること、配線パターンの厚みを薄くすること、または、配線パターンの幅を狭くすることにより、インダクタンスLdを大きくすることができる。なお、配線パターンを長くすることにより、インダクタンスLdを大きくすることは、図6で説明した。したがって、ここでは、残りの2つの方法について説明する。
図15及び図16は、配線パターンの厚み及び幅を調整した実施形態を説明するための図である。図15及び図16において、図4及び図5と同じ符号が付された構成は同じである。このため、ここでは、導電パターン270,280、ワイヤW40~W42について説明する。
図17は、半導体モジュールの上アームの素子の構成を示す図である。図17と、図4とで同じ符号が付された構成は同じである。このため、ここでは、導電パターン290,291、ワイヤW50,W51を中心に説明する。
以上、本実施形態の電子回路10及び半導体モジュール80について説明した。図2に例示したように、電子回路10における経路P2のインダクタンスは、経路P1のインダクタンスより大きい。このため、出力端子Uからの電流は、経路P2のダイオードSBD0に加え、経路P1のダイオードBD0にも流れる。したがって、電子回路10では、還流ダイオードであるダイオードSBD0に大きな電流が流れ、破壊されることを防ぐことができる。
50~55,60~65 配線
80 半導体モジュール
100 ベース板
101,250,251,252 接合材
110,111 積層基板
200 絶縁板
201 放熱板
210,220,230,270,280,290,291,310,320,330,340,341 導電パターン
M0~M3 NMOSトランジスタ
BD0~BD3,SBD0~SBD3 ダイオード
G1,G2 ゲート電極
S1,S2 ソース電極
D1,D2 ドレイン電極
K0~K3 カソード電極
A0~A3 アノード電極
La~Lj,Lm,Ln インダクタンス
C10,C11 配線パターン
P1~P4,P20,P21 経路
W0~W3,W10,W11,W20,W21,W30,W31,W40~W42,W50,W51,W60,W61 ワイヤ
O 位置
P 正極端子
U 出力端子
N 負極端子
IN1,IN2 制御端子
Claims (11)
- 順方向電圧が第1電圧となるPN接合を有する第1ダイオードと、
前記順方向電圧が前記第1電圧より小さい第2電圧となるショットキー接合を有する第2ダイオードと、
第1端子及び第2端子の間を、前記第1ダイオードを介して接続する第1配線部材と、
前記第1端子及び第2端子の間を、前記第2ダイオードを介して接続し、前記第1配線部材のインダクタンスより大きいインダクタンスを有する第2配線部材と、
を備え、
前記第1配線部材は、前記第1端子及び前記第1ダイオードの間に設けられた第1ワイヤを含み、
前記第2配線部材は、前記第1端子及び前記第2ダイオードの間に設けられ、第1ワイヤのインダクタンスより大きいインダクタンスの第2ワイヤを含み、
前記第2ワイヤの断面積は、前記第1ワイヤの断面積より小さい、
半導体モジュール。 - 順方向電圧が第1電圧となるPN接合を有する第1ダイオードと、
前記順方向電圧が前記第1電圧より小さい第2電圧となるショットキー接合を有する第2ダイオードと、
第1端子及び第2端子の間を、前記第1ダイオードを介して接続する第1配線部材と、
前記第1端子及び第2端子の間を、前記第2ダイオードを介して接続し、前記第1配線部材のインダクタンスより大きいインダクタンスを有する第2配線部材と、
を備え、
前記第1配線部材は、前記第1端子及び前記第1ダイオードの間に設けられた第1ワイヤを含み、
前記第2配線部材は、前記第1端子及び前記第2ダイオードの間に設けられ、第1ワイヤのインダクタンスより大きいインダクタンスの第2ワイヤを含み、
前記第2ワイヤの曲率は、前記第1ワイヤの曲率より大きい、
半導体モジュール。 - 順方向電圧が第1電圧となるPN接合を有する第1ダイオードと、
前記順方向電圧が前記第1電圧より小さい第2電圧となるショットキー接合を有する第2ダイオードと、
第1端子及び第2端子の間を、前記第1ダイオードを介して接続する第1配線部材と、
前記第1端子及び第2端子の間を、前記第2ダイオードを介して接続し、前記第1配線部材のインダクタンスより大きいインダクタンスを有する第2配線部材と、
を備え、
前記第1配線部材は、前記第1端子及び前記第1ダイオードの間に設けられた第1ワイヤを含み、
前記第2配線部材は、前記第1端子及び前記第2ダイオードの間に設けられ、第1ワイヤのインダクタンスより大きいインダクタンスの第2ワイヤを含み、
前記第2ワイヤは、前記第1ワイヤより長く、
前記第1ダイオードは、前記第1端子及び前記第2ダイオードの間に設けられる、
半導体モジュール。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の半導体モジュールであって、
前記第2ワイヤは、前記第1ワイヤより長い、
半導体モジュール。 - 請求項3に記載の半導体モジュールであって、
前記第2ワイヤは、前記第1ワイヤを含む、
半導体モジュール。 - 請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の半導体モジュールであって、
前記第1配線部材は、前記第2端子及び前記第1ダイオードの間に設けられた第1配線パターンを含み、
前記第2配線部材は、前記第2端子及び前記第2ダイオードの間に設けられ、第1配線パターンのインダクタンスより大きいインダクタンスの第2配線パターンを含む、
半導体モジュール。 - 請求項6に記載の半導体モジュールであって、
前記第2配線パターンは、前記第1配線パターンより長い、
半導体モジュール。 - 請求項6または請求項7に記載の半導体モジュールであって、
前記第2配線パターンは、前記第1配線パターンより薄い、
半導体モジュール。 - 請求項6~8の何れか一項に記載の半導体モジュールであって、
前記第2配線パターンの幅は、前記第1配線パターンの幅より狭い、
半導体モジュール。 - 請求項7に記載の半導体モジュールであって、
前記第1ダイオード及び前記第2ダイオードがおもて面に取り付けられ、前記第2端子が取り付けられた第1導電パターンを含み、
前記第1配線パターンは、前記第1ダイオードが前記第1導電パターンに取り付けられた位置から、前記第2端子までの距離に基づいて定まり、
前記第2配線パターンは、前記第2ダイオードが前記第1導電パターンに取り付けられた位置から、前記第2端子までの距離に基づいて定まる、
半導体モジュール。 - 請求項10に記載の半導体モジュールであって、
前記第1端子に接続された第2導電パターンと、
前記第1ダイオードを含むスイッチング素子を制御する制御電極に接続された第3導電パターンと、を含み
前記第1導電パターンは、前記第2及び第3導電パターンの間に設けられる、
半導体モジュール。
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