JP7387884B2 - リチウム二次電池用電解液及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用電解液及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7387884B2 JP7387884B2 JP2022520271A JP2022520271A JP7387884B2 JP 7387884 B2 JP7387884 B2 JP 7387884B2 JP 2022520271 A JP2022520271 A JP 2022520271A JP 2022520271 A JP2022520271 A JP 2022520271A JP 7387884 B2 JP7387884 B2 JP 7387884B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- ether
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- solvent
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 117
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 109
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- -1 ester compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 48
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- KGPPDNUWZNWPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N flurotyl Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COCC(F)(F)F KGPPDNUWZNWPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylfuran Chemical compound CC1=CC=CO1 VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 7
- CPLJMYOQYRCCBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propylfuran Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CO1 CPLJMYOQYRCCBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NWZIYQNUCXUJJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylfuran Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CO1 NWZIYQNUCXUJJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HLPIHRDZBHXTFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylfuran Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CO1 HLPIHRDZBHXTFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KJRRQXYWFQKJIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylfuran Chemical compound CC=1C=COC=1 KJRRQXYWFQKJIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N DMF Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)O1 GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium nitrate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DOESGSGKEZIPFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F DOESGSGKEZIPFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)F HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DEYAWNMYIUDQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound CCCOC(F)(F)C(F)F DEYAWNMYIUDQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JRRDISHSXWGFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOC JRRDISHSXWGFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YZWVMKLQNYGKLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOC YZWVMKLQNYGKLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DMECHFLLAQSVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound CCOC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F DMECHFLLAQSVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KIAMPLQEZAMORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCC KIAMPLQEZAMORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CAQYAZNFWDDMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOC CAQYAZNFWDDMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FJSKXQVRKZTKSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylfuran Chemical compound CC=1C=COC=1C FJSKXQVRKZTKSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AABTWRKUKUPMJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylfuran Chemical compound CC1=COC(C)=C1 AABTWRKUKUPMJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AIPBKZUVKDTCOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)OC(F)(F)C(F)F AIPBKZUVKDTCOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YVBAUDVGOFCUSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Pentylfuran Natural products CCCCCC1=CC=CO1 YVBAUDVGOFCUSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JCCCMAAJYSNBPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylthiophene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CS1 JCCCMAAJYSNBPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OBAYXRZHJPDDHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COC(F)(F)C(F)F OBAYXRZHJPDDHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XWNTYHBAQIEAGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2h-pyran Chemical compound CC1OC=CC=C1 XWNTYHBAQIEAGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XQQBUAPQHNYYRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiophene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CS1 XQQBUAPQHNYYRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BTXIJTYYMLCUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylthiophene Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CS1 BTXIJTYYMLCUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MGADZUXDNSDTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-pyran Chemical compound C1OC=CC=C1 MGADZUXDNSDTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HYDWALOBQJFOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadecane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCC HYDWALOBQJFOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SCRLLDUEKYMHDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpyran Chemical compound CC1=CO[CH][CH][CH]1 SCRLLDUEKYMHDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OOARNVHTYGBULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-pyran Chemical compound CC1=CCOC=C1 OOARNVHTYGBULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylthiophene Natural products CC=1C=CSC=1 QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M [(1s,2s)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(1+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound [Ru+]Cl.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-][C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzarone Chemical compound CCC=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AJAFRMGZWFDZAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M cesium;nitrite Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-]N=O AJAFRMGZWFDZAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SGAMQLNREKTWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane Chemical compound FCOCF SGAMQLNREKTWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- IDNHOWMYUQKKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium nitrite Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]N=O IDNHOWMYUQKKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- CPULIKNSOUFMPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylthiophene Chemical compound CC1=CSC(C)=C1 CPULIKNSOUFMPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- GWQOOADXMVQEFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-Dimethylthiophene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)S1 GWQOOADXMVQEFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- JOROOXPAFHWVRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JOROOXPAFHWVRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BZYUMXXOAYSFOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylthiophene Chemical compound CC=1C=CSC=1C BZYUMXXOAYSFOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WVUICGOYGDHVBH-ONEGZZNKSA-N 2-[(e)-2-nitroethenyl]furan Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CO1 WVUICGOYGDHVBH-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- MNDZHERKKXUTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylthiophene Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CS1 MNDZHERKKXUTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 14
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[S] Chemical compound [C].[S] GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
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- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
i)リチウム-硫黄電池のクーロン効率を向上させるなどの長所を持っている「ヒドロフルオロエーテル系(HFE Type)化合物」を電解液に含ませ(正確には、既存の電解液成分で使われていたジメトキシエタン(DME)の一部を代替)、
ii)同様に、リチウム-硫黄電池のクーロン効率を向上させるなどの長所を持っている「硝酸ランタン(La(NO3)3)」を電解液に含ませると同時に(正確には、既存の電解液成分で使われていたLiNO3の一部を代替)、
iii)既存の電解液成分で使われていた1,3-ジオキソラン(DOL)を「一つ以上の二重結合を含むと同時に酸素原子及び硫黄原子の中でいずれか一つを含むヘテロ環化合物を含む溶媒(第1溶媒)」に変更し、
iv)また、同様に、既存の電解液成分で使われていたLiTFSIを「LiFSIなどの他のリチウム塩」に変更して、反応性及び寿命などが改善された本発明を想到した。
前記第1溶媒は、一つ以上の二重結合を含むと同時に酸素原子及び硫黄原子の中でいずれか一つを含むヘテロ環化合物を含むものであって、ヘテロ原子(酸素原子または硫黄原子)の孤立電子対(lone pair electrons)の非局在化(delocalization)によって塩(salt)を溶解させにくい特性を持つので、電池の初期放電段階でヘテロ環化合物の開環重合反応(ring opening reaction)によってリチウム系金属(負極)の表面に高分子保護膜(solid electrolyte interface、SEI層)を形成することでリチウムデンドライトの生成を抑制することができるし、さらにリチウム系金属表面での電解液分解及びそれによる副反応を減少させることでリチウム-硫黄電池の寿命特性を向上させることができる。
前記第2溶媒は、フッ素を含まないエーテル系化合物、エステル系化合物、アミド系化合物及びカーボネート系化合物の中でいずれか一つ以上を含むものであって、リチウム塩を溶解して電解液がリチウムイオン伝導度を持つようにするだけでなく、正極活物質である硫黄を溶出させてリチウムと電気化学的反応を円滑に進めるようにする役目をし、前記カーボネート系化合物の場合、線状カーボネート系化合物または環状カーボネート系化合物である。一方、第2溶媒の中でフッ素を含まない化合物はエーテル系化合物に限るものであり、残りのエステル系化合物、アミド系化合物及びカーボネート系化合物はフッ素を含むことができることを明示する。
前記第3溶媒は、ヒドロフルオロエーテル系(HFE Type)化合物を含むものであって、ポリスルフィドの溶解及び溶媒分解抑制効果を持つことによって、電池のクーロン効率(coulombic efficiency;C.E.)を向上させ、究極的には電池の寿命を向上させる役目をする。
前記リチウム塩は、イオン伝導性を増加させるために使われる電解質塩であって、当業界で通常使用するものであれば制限されずに使われることができる。前記リチウム塩の具体的な例では、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiC4BO8、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、CF3SO3Li、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(C2F5SO2)2NLi、(SO2F)2NLi、(CF3SO2)3CLi、クロロボランリチウム、炭素数4以下の低級脂肪族カルボン酸リチウム、4-フェニルホウ酸リチウム及びリチウムイミドからなる群から選択される1種以上を例示することができるし、この中でLiFSI((SO2F)2NLi)を必須成分で使用することが好ましい。同時に、本発明の一実施形態として、前記電解液はLiTFSI((CF3SO2)2NLi)を含まない形態であってもよい。
前記硝酸ランタン(La(NO3)3)は、電池のクーロン効率(coulombic efficiency;C.E.)を向上させ、究極的には電池の寿命を向上させるために使われる成分であって、前述したように、従来もこれを電解液成分で使用した場合があるが、該当事例は硝酸ランタン以外に1,3-ジオキソラン(DOL)、ジメトキシエタン(DME)及びLiTFSIを含んでいて、電池の寿命が退化する問題を根本的に改善することはできなかった(すなわち、硝酸ランタンは、DOL/DME/LiTFSIが混用された電解液内では効果の発現が難しい)。
また、本発明によるリチウム二次電池用電解液は硝酸リチウム(LiNO3)を基本的に含む。ただし、必要に応じて、硝酸カリウム(KNO3)、硝酸セシウム(CsNO3)、硝酸マグネシウム(Mg(NO3)2)、硝酸バリウム(Ba(NO3)2)、亜硝酸リチウム(LiNO2)、亜硝酸カリウム(KNO2)及び亜硝酸セシウム(CsNO2)からなる群から選択される1種以上をさらに含むことができる。
電解液製造
先ず、2-メチルフラン(第1溶媒)、ジメトキシエタン(第2溶媒)及びビス(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)エーテル(BTFE、第3溶媒)を20:79:1の体積比(v/v)で混合した有機溶媒に、LiFSIの濃度が0.75Mになるようにこれを溶解させた後、電解液の総重量を基準にして3重量%の硝酸リチウム(LiNO3)と5重量%の硝酸ランタン(La(NO3)3)を添加してリチウム二次電池用電解液を製造した。ここで、前記硝酸ランタン(La(NO3)3)は、Aldrich社のLa(NO3)3・6H2Oを18時間、180℃で真空乾燥させてH2Oを取り除いて製造されたものである。
正極活物質で硫黄-炭素(CNT)複合体(S/C 70:30重量比)90重量部、導電材でデンカブラック5重量部、バインダーでスチレンブタジエンゴム/カルボキシメチルセルロース(SBR/CMC 7:3)5重量部を混合して正極スラリー組成物を製造した後、前記製造されたスラリー組成物を集電体(Al箔(Foil))上にコーティングして50℃で12時間乾燥してロールプレス(roll press)機器で圧搾して正極を製造した(この時、ローディング量は3.5mAh/cm2で、電極の空隙率(porosity)は65%にした)。
前記製造された正極と150μm厚さのリチウム金属負極を対面するように位置させて、その間にポリエチレン(PE)分離膜を介在した後、前記製造された電解液を注入してコインセルタイプのリチウム-硫黄電池を製造した。一方、前記電池の製造において、前記正極は14phiの円形電極で打ち抜いて使用し、前記ポリエチレン分離膜は19phiで、前記リチウム金属は16phiで打ち抜いて使用した。
電解液組成を下記表1のように変更したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様に行って実施例2ないし6及び比較例1ないし4のリチウム二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例1ないし6で製造されたリチウム二次電池(正確には、リチウム-硫黄電池)を0.1Cで3サイクル(cycle)間充電及び放電させた後、続いて0.2C充電、0.3C放電させて行い、電池のクーロン効率を評価した。この時、使われた電圧(Voltage)範囲は1.8~2.5Vで(すなわち、放電は1.8Vまで、充電は2.5Vまで)、評価温度は25℃にした。
前記比較例1ないし4で製造されたリチウム二次電池(正確には、リチウム-硫黄電池)を0.1Cで3サイクル(cycle)間充電及び放電させた後、続いて0.2C充電、0.3C放電させて行って、電池の寿命特性及び放電容量を評価した。この時、使われた電圧(Voltage)範囲は1.8~2.5Vで(すなわち、放電は1.8Vまで、充電は2.5Vまで)、評価温度は25℃にした。
Claims (13)
- 一つ以上の二重結合を含むと同時に酸素原子及び硫黄原子の中でいずれか一つを含むヘテロ環化合物を含む第1溶媒と;
フッ素を含まないエーテル系化合物、エステル系化合物、アミド系化合物及びカーボネート系化合物の中でいずれか一つ以上を含む第2溶媒と;
ヒドロフルオロエーテル系化合物を含む第3溶媒と;
リチウム塩と;
硝酸ランタンと;
硝酸リチウムと;を含むリチウム二次電池用電解液であって、
前記第1溶媒、第2溶媒及び第3溶媒の全体含量を基準にして、前記第1溶媒の含量は5ないし50体積%で、前記第2溶媒の含量は45ないし90体積%で、前記第3溶媒の含量は1ないし10体積%であり、
前記硝酸ランタンは、前記リチウム二次電池用電解液の総重量に対して1ないし10重量%で含まれ、
前記硝酸リチウムは、前記リチウム二次電池用電解液の総重量に対して0.5ないし10重量%で含まれ、
前記リチウム塩の濃度は0.1ないし2Mである、リチウム二次電池用電解液。 - 前記第2溶媒と第3溶媒の混合比は体積比として7~79:1であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液。
- 前記ヒドロフルオロエーテル系化合物は、ビス(フルオロメチル)エーテル、2-フルオロメチルエーテル、1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチル2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロピルエーテル、ビス(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)エーテル、プロピル1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチルエーテル、イソプロピル1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチルエーテル、1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチルイソブチルエーテル、1,1,2,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロピルエチルエーテル、1H,1H,2’H,3H-デカフルオロジプロピルエーテル及び1H,1H,2’H-パーフルオロジプロピルエーテルからなる群から選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液。
- 前記ヘテロ環化合物は、フラン、2-メチルフラン、3-メチルフラン、2-エチルフラン、2-プロピルフラン、2-ブチルフラン、2,3-ジメチルフラン、2,4-ジメチルフラン、2,5-ジメチルフラン、ピラン、2-メチルピラン、3-メチルピラン、4-メチルピラン、ベンゾフラン、2-(2-ニトロビニル)フラン、チオフェン、2-メチルチオフェン、2-エチルチオフェン、2-プロピルチオフェン、2-ブチルチオフェン、2,3-ジメチルチオフェン、2,4-ジメチルチオフェン及び2,5-ジメチルチオフェンからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液。
- 前記リチウム塩は、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiC4BO8、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、CF3SO3Li、(C2F5SO2)2NLi、LiFSI((SO2F)2NLi)、(CF3SO2)3CLi、クロロボランリチウム、炭素数4以下の低級脂肪族カルボン酸リチウム、4-フェニルホウ酸リチウム及びリチウムイミドからなる群から選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液。
- 前記リチウム塩はLiFSIを含むことを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液。
- 前記リチウム二次電池用電解液は、硝酸カリウム、硝酸セシウム、硝酸マグネシウム、硝酸バリウム、亜硝酸リチウム、亜硝酸カリウム及び亜硝酸セシウムからなる群から選択される1種以上をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液。
- 前記硝酸リチウムと硝酸ランタンの総含量は、前記リチウム二次電池用電解液の総重量に対して2ないし10重量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液。
- 前記フッ素を含まないエーテル系化合物は、ジメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、ジプロピルエーテル、メチルエチルエーテル、メチルプロピルエーテル、エチルプロピルエーテル、ジメトキシエタン、ジエトキシエタン、メトキシエトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル及びポリエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテルからなる群から選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液。
- 前記リチウム二次電池用電解液は、第1溶媒である2-メチルフラン、第2溶媒であるジメトキシエタン、第3溶媒であるビス(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)エーテル、LiFSI、硝酸ランタン及び硝酸リチウムを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液。
- 前記リチウム二次電池用電解液はリチウム-硫黄電池用であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液。
- 正極と;負極と;前記正極と負極との間に介在される分離膜と;請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解液と;を含むリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム二次電池はリチウム-硫黄電池であることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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CN114556663B (zh) | 2024-05-07 |
US20220393243A1 (en) | 2022-12-08 |
KR20210142487A (ko) | 2021-11-25 |
CN114556663A (zh) | 2022-05-27 |
EP4044317A1 (en) | 2022-08-17 |
WO2021235760A1 (ko) | 2021-11-25 |
EP4044317A4 (en) | 2023-11-01 |
EP4044317B1 (en) | 2024-08-21 |
JP2022550822A (ja) | 2022-12-05 |
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