JP7385751B2 - 炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料 - Google Patents
炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 title claims description 91
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 48
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003178 Mo2C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
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- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/002—Tools other than cutting tools
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F2207/00—Aspects of the compositions, gradients
- B22F2207/01—Composition gradients
- B22F2207/03—Composition gradients of the metallic binder phase in cermets
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- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/15—Nickel or cobalt
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- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/20—Refractory metals
- B22F2301/205—Titanium, zirconium or hafnium
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- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/10—Carbide
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- B22F2303/00—Functional details of metal or compound in the powder or product
- B22F2303/01—Main component
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
- B22F2304/05—Submicron size particles
- B22F2304/056—Particle size above 100 nm up to 300 nm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
- B22F2304/05—Submicron size particles
- B22F2304/058—Particle size above 300 nm up to 1 micrometer
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
- B23B2222/28—Details of hard metal, i.e. cemented carbide
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- B23D61/00—Tools for sawing machines or sawing devices; Clamping devices for these tools
- B23D61/02—Circular saw blades
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Description
HV10=2550-100×重量%(Co+Ni)±150
の範囲にある。
KIC=6.8+(1/3)×重量%(Co+Ni)±0.5
の範囲にあるとよく、好ましくは、
KIC=6.8+(1/3)×重量%(Co+Ni)±0.3
の範囲にあるとよい。
BBF=2150+(2500/6)×重量%(Co+Ni)±500
の範囲にあるとよく、好ましくは、
BBF=2150+(2500/6)×重量%(Co+Ni)±300
の範囲にあるとよい。
以下ではまず、炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料の実施形態について、一般的に説明する。
比較例として、上述した粉末冶金方法により、以下の組成:2.25重量%Co;0.75重量%Ni;0.35重量%Cr(出発材料として0.4重量%Cr3C2に相当);0.047重量%のMo(出発材料として0.05重量%Mo2Cに相当)、残部WCおよび不可避的不純物;の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料を、製造した。したがって、WCの含有量は、約96.55重量%であった。この硬質金属材料の微細組織の光学顕微鏡像を、図6に示す。
上述の粉末冶金製造方法により、以下の組成:2.7重量%Co;0.9重量%Ni;0.45重量%Cr(出発材料として0.52重量%Cr3C2に相当);0.047重量%Mo(出発材料として0.05重量%Mo2Cに相当)、ならびに0.094重量%Ta(出発材料としての0.1重量%TaCに相当)、残部WCおよび不可避的不純物:の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料を製造した。したがって、WCの含有量は、約95.73重量%であった。Co+Ni含有量は3.6重量%であり、Co/(Co+Ni)比は0.75、Cr/(Co+Ni)比は0.125、Me/(Co+Ni)比は0.026であり、この実施例1では、Me=Taであった。この硬質金属材料の微細組織の光学顕微鏡像を、図7に示す。
炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料を、上述の粉末冶金製造方法により、以下の組成:3.15重量%Co;1.05重量%Ni;0.83重量%Cr(出発材料として0.96重量%Cr3C2に相当);0.132重量%Mo(出発材料として0.14重量%Mo2Cに相当);0.188重量%Ta(出発材料として0.2重量%TaCに相当);残部WCおよび不可避的不純物;で製造した。したがって、WCの割合は、約94.50重量%であった。Co+Ni含有量は4.2重量%であり、Co/(Co+Ni)比は0.75であり、Cr/(Co+Ni)比は0.198であり、Me/(Co+Ni)比は0.045であり、この実施例2でも、Me=Taであった。硬質金属材料の光学顕微鏡像を、図8に示す。
炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料を、上述の粉末冶金製造方法において以下の組成:2.7重量%Co;0.9重量%Ni;0.45重量%Cr(出発材料として0.52重量%Cr3C2に相当);0.094重量%Mo(出発材料として0.1重量%Mo2Cに相当)、ならびに0.177重量%Nb(出発材料として0.2重量%NbCに相当)、残部WCおよび不可避的不純物;で製造した。したがって、WCの含有量は、約95.58重量%であった。また、この実施例3では、Me=Nbである。硬質金属材料の光学顕微鏡像を、図9に示す。
炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料を、上述した粉末冶金製造方法によって、以下の組成:2.7重量%Co;0.9重量%Ni;0.45重量%Cr(出発材料として0.52重量%Cr3C2に相当);0.094重量%Mo(出発材料として0.10重量%Mo2Cに相当)、0.113重量%Ta(出発材料として0.2重量%(Ta,Nb)Cに相当)、ならびに0.071重量%Nb(出発材料として0.2重量%の(Ta,Nb)Cに相当)、残部WCおよび不可避的不純物;で製造した。したがって、WCの含有量は、約95.58重量%であった。Co+Ni含有量は3.6重量%であり、Co/(Co+Ni)比は0.75であり、Cr/(Co+Ni)比は0.125であり、Me/(Co+Ni)率は0.051であり、この実施例4では、Me=Ta+Nbであった。この硬質金属材料の組織の光学顕微鏡像を、図10に示す。
Claims (14)
- 平均結晶粒径が0.1~1.3μmの炭化タングステンを含み、
92~98.5重量%の前記炭化タングステン、
1.0~5.0重量%の(Co+Ni)(ただし、Co/(Co+Ni)比は、重量%で、0.4≦Co/(Co+Ni)≦0.95である)、
0.1~1.0重量%のCr(ただし、(Co+Ni)に対するCrの比は、重量%で、0.05≦Cr/(Co+Ni)≦0.20である)、
0.01~0.3重量%のMo、
0.02~0.45重量%のMe(ただし、Me=Ta、Nb、Hf、およびTiからなる群から選択される1以上の元素であり、0.01≦Me/(Co+Ni)≦0.13である)、
を含有する、炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料。 - 前記炭化タングステンの平均結晶粒径は、0.1~0.8μmである、請求項1に記載の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料。
- 0.6≦Co/(Co+Ni)≦0.9である、請求項1または2に記載の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料。
- 0.05≦Cr/(Co+Ni)≦0.15である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料。
- Crに対するMoの比は、重量%で、Mo/Cr<0.5を満たす、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料。
- 0.02≦Me/(Co+Ni)≦0.08である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料。
- Crに対するMeの比が、重量%で、Me/Cr<0.65を満たす、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料。
- 硬度HV10は、式:
HV10=2550-100×重量%(Co+Ni)±150;
で表される範囲にある、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料。 - 破壊靭性KICは、MPa・m1/2単位で、
KIC=6.8+(1/3)×重量%(Co+Ni)±0.5
で表される範囲にある、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料。 - 曲げ破壊強度BBFは、MPa単位で、
BBF=2150+(2500/6)×重量%(Co+Ni)±500
で表される範囲にある、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料。 - 木材加工工具または成形工具のための、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料の使用。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料から形成された加工部を有する、木材加工工具。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の炭化タングステン系硬質金属材料から形成された加工部を有する、成形工具。
- 前記成形工具は、冷間成形用の工具である、請求項13に記載の成形工具。
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