JP7341583B6 - 微小針アレイベースの持続的分析物監視デバイスのための障害検出 - Google Patents
微小針アレイベースの持続的分析物監視デバイスのための障害検出 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、その内容が、本明細書に参照することによってその全体として本明細書に組み込まれる、2021年5月8日に出願された米国仮特許第63/186,086号の優先権を主張する。
本発明の種々の側面および変形例の非限定的実施例が、本明細書に説明され、付随の図面に図示される。
上記に説明されるように、作用電極は、着目酸化および/または還元反応が起こる電極である。いくつかの変形例では、感知が、身体内に(例えば、微小針全体の外面上に)位置する作用電極および間質液の界面において実施されてもよい。いくつかの変形例では、作用電極は、電極材料と、その中で生体認識要素(例えば、酵素)が選択的分析物定量化を促進するために作用電極上に不動化される、生体認識層とを含んでもよい。いくつかの変形例では、生体認識層はまた、干渉遮断層として機能してもよく、内因性および/または外因性種が電極において直接酸化(または還元)することを防止することに役立ち得る。
上記に説明されるように、対電極は、作用電極における電気化学反応を持続するために要求される電子を(電流を介して)ソースまたはシンクする電極である。対電極構成要素の数は、対電極の通電容量が作用電極の酸化還元反応を限定しないように、表面積を増大させるために、対電極アレイの形態において増加されることができる。したがって、通電容量限定を回避するために、作用電極面積に対して過剰な対電極面積を有することが、望ましくあり得る。作用電極が、アノードとして動作される場合、対電極は、カソードとしての役割を果たし、逆もまた同様であろう。同様に、酸化反応が、作用電極において起こる場合、還元反応が、対電極において起こり、逆もまた同様である。作用電極または基準電極と異なり、対電極は、作用電極上で着目酸化還元反応を持続するために要求される電位に動的にスイングすることを可能にされる。
上記に説明されるように、基準電極は、本システムに関する基準電位を提供するように機能し、すなわち、作用電極がバイアスされる電位は、基準電極を基準とする。固定された、または少なくとも制御された電位関係が、作用電極と基準電極との間に確立されてもよく、実践的な限界内で、いかなる電流も、基準電極からソースされない、またはそれにシンクされない。
作用電極、対電極、および基準電極の種々の層が、下記に説明されるもの等の好適なプロセスを使用して、微小針アレイに適用される、および/または官能化等をされてもよい。
いくつかの変形例では、分析物監視デバイスの電子機器システムは、アナログフロントエンドを含んでもよい。アナログフロントエンドは、アナログ電流測定値をマイクロコントローラによって処理され得るデジタル値に変換する、センサ回路網(例えば、図2Aに示されるようなセンサ回路網124)を含んでもよい。アナログフロントエンドは、例えば、電気化学センサとの併用のために好適である、プログラマブルアナログフロントエンドを含んでもよい。例えば、アナログフロントエンドは、電気化学センサとの併用のための超低電力プログラマブルアナログフロントエンドである、Maxim Integrated(San Jose, CA)から入手可能なMAX30131、MAX30132、またはMAX30134構成要素(それぞれ、1つ、2つ、および4つのチャネルを有する)を含んでもよい。アナログフロントエンドはまた、高精度、インピーダンス、および電気化学フロントエンドである、Analog Devices(Norwood, MA)から入手可能なAD5940またはAD5941構成要素を含んでもよい。同様に、アナログフロントエンドはまた、低電力化学感知用途のための構成可能なアナログフロントエンドポテンショスタットである、Texas Instruments(Dallas, TX)から入手可能なLMP91000を含んでもよい。アナログフロントエンドは、バイアスおよびアナログ/デジタルコンバータ(ADC)を含む完全な測定経路を提供してもよい。超低電力は、測定が身体装着バッテリ動作デバイスを使用して長い持続時間(例えば、7日)にわたって要求されるとき、正確度および高速応答を維持するためにセンサの連続的バイアスを可能にし得る。
いくつかの変形例では、分析物監視デバイスの電子機器システムは、少なくとも1つのマイクロコントローラ(例えば、図2Aに示されるようなコントローラ122)を含んでもよい。マイクロコントローラは、例えば、統合されたフラッシュメモリを伴うプロセッサを含んでもよい。いくつかの変形例では、分析物監視デバイスにおけるマイクロコントローラは、分析を実施し、センサ信号を分析物測定値(例えば、グルコース測定値)に相関させるように構成されてもよい。例えば、マイクロコントローラは、ファームウェア内のプログラムされたルーチンを実行し、(例えば、アナログフロントエンドからの)デジタル信号を解釈し、任意の関連するアルゴリズムおよび/または他の分析を実施し、通信モジュールに、および/またはそれから処理されたデータをルーティングしてもよい。分析を分析物監視デバイスにオンボードに保つことは、例えば、各接続されたデバイスが同一の情報を有することを確実にしながら、分析物監視デバイスが分析物測定値を複数のデバイス(例えば、スマートフォンまたはスマートウォッチ等のモバイルコンピューティングデバイス、インスリンペンまたはポンプ等の療法送達システム等)に並行してブロードキャストすることを可能にし得る。
実施形態I-1.微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスであって、
作用電極であって、作用電極は、作用電極の表面において分析物の酸化還元反応を示す感知電流を発生させるように構成される電気化学的感知コーティングを備え、作用電極は、微小針アレイにおける第1の微小針の遠位部分の表面上に位置付けられる、作用電極と、
微小針アレイにおける第2の微小針の遠位部分の表面上に位置付けられる、基準電極と、
微小針アレイにおける第3の微小針の遠位部分の表面上に位置付けられる、対電極と、
アナログフロントエンドであって、アナログフロントエンドは、作用電極と基準電極との間に固定された電位関係を維持し、作用電極における酸化還元反応を持続させるために、対電極の電位がスイングすることを可能にするように構成される、アナログフロントエンドと、
コントローラであって、コントローラは、アナログフロントエンドと通信し、
対電極において対電極電圧を監視することと、
閾値を満たすかまたは超過する対電極電圧の特性を識別することと、
閾値を超過する対電極電圧の特性の識別することに応答して、対電極電圧と感知電流との間の相関を決定することと、
対電極電圧の特性および相関に基づいて、動作モードを微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスに適用することと
を行うように構成される、コントローラと
を備える、微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイス。
コントローラは、
閾値を超過する対電極電圧の特性を識別することに応答して、対電極電圧と個別の感知電流との間の相関を決定するようにさらに構成される、
実施形態I-1に記載の微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイス。
微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスの対電極における対電極電圧を監視することであって、対電極は、微小針アレイにおける第1の微小針の遠位部分の表面上に位置付けられる、ことと、
閾値を満たすかまたは超過する対電極電圧の特性を識別することと、
閾値を超過する対電極電圧の特性を識別することに応答して、対電極電圧と感知電流との間の相関を決定することであって、感知電流は、微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスの作用電極の表面において発生される、ことと、
対電極電圧の特性および相関に基づいて、動作モードを微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスに適用することと
を含み、
作用電極は、作用電極の表面において分析物の酸化還元反応を示す感知電流を発生させるように構成される電気化学的感知コーティングを備え、作用電極は、微小針アレイにおける第2の微小針の遠位部分の表面上に位置付けられ、
微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスは、微小針アレイにおける第3の微小針の遠位部分の表面上に位置付けられる基準電極と、作用電極と基準電極との間に固定された電位関係を維持し、作用電極における酸化還元反応を持続させるために、対電極の電位がスイングすることを可能にするように構成されるアナログフロントエンドとをさらに備える、方法。
方法は、閾値を超過する対電極電圧の特性を識別することに応答して、対電極電圧と個別の感知電流との間の相関を決定することをさらに含む、
実施形態I-11に記載の方法。
Claims (20)
- 微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスであって、
作用電極であって、前記作用電極は、前記作用電極の表面において分析物の酸化還元反応を示す感知電流を発生させるように構成される電気化学的感知コーティングを備え、前記作用電極は、微小針アレイにおける第1の微小針の遠位部分の表面上に位置付けられる、作用電極と、
前記微小針アレイにおける第2の微小針の遠位部分の表面上に位置付けられる基準電極と、
前記微小針アレイにおける第3の微小針の遠位部分の表面上に位置付けられる対電極と、
アナログフロントエンドであって、前記アナログフロントエンドは、前記作用電極と前記基準電極との間に固定された電位関係を維持し、前記作用電極における前記酸化還元反応を持続させるために、前記対電極の電位がスイングすることを可能にするように構成される、アナログフロントエンドと、
コントローラであって、前記コントローラは、前記アナログフロントエンドと通信し、
前記対電極において対電極電圧を監視することと、
閾値を満たすかまたは超過する前記対電極電圧の特性を識別することと、
前記閾値を超過する前記対電極電圧の特性の識別することに応答して、前記対電極電圧と前記感知電流との間の相関を決定することと、
前記対電極電圧の前記特性および前記相関に基づいて、動作モードを前記微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスに適用することと
を行うように構成される、コントローラと
を備える、微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイス。 - 前記対電極電圧の前記特性は、前記対電極電圧の変化率または前記対電極電圧の順守下限のうちの1つまたはそれを上回るものを含む、請求項1に記載の微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイス。
- 前記対電極電圧の変化および前記感知電流の変化は、前記対電極電圧と前記感知電流との間の前記相関を示す、請求項2に記載の微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイス。
- 前記動作モードは、前記対電極電圧の前記変化が、前記感知電流の前記変化と一致する場合、および前記対電極電圧の前記変化率が、閾値変化率を超過する場合、前記感知電流を無視することを含む、請求項3に記載の微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイス。
- 前記コントローラは、前記対電極電圧の前記変化率が、前記閾値変化率を超過しないという後続の決定に応答して、前記感知電流を無視するという前記動作モードを中断するようにさらに構成される、請求項4に記載の微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイス。
- 前記動作モードは、前記対電極電圧の前記順守下限が、閾値順守限界を満たす場合、前記作用電極と前記基準電極との間の電位の印加を中止することを含む、請求項3に記載の微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイス。
- 前記動作モードは、前記対電極電圧の前記変化が、前記感知電流の前記変化から偏移される場合、および前記対電極電圧の前記変化率が、閾値変化率を超過する場合、前記作用電極と前記基準電極との間の電位の印加を中止することを含む、請求項3に記載の微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイス。
- 1つまたはそれを上回る付加的作用電極をさらに備え、前記1つまたはそれを上回る付加的作用電極はそれぞれ、個別の感知電流を発生させ、
前記コントローラは、
閾値を超過する前記対電極電圧の前記特性を識別することに応答して、前記対電極電圧と前記個別の感知電流との間の相関を決定するようにさらに構成される、
請求項1に記載の微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイス。 - 前記動作モードは、前記対電極電圧と前記個別の感知電流との間の前記相関にさらに基づく、請求項8に記載の微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイス。
- 前記作用電極における前記感知電流および前記1つまたはそれを上回る付加的作用電極における前記個別の感知電流は、複合相関を決定するために組み合わせられる、請求項9に記載の微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイス。
- 方法であって、
微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスの対電極における対電極電圧を監視することであって、前記対電極は、前記微小針アレイにおける第1の微小針の遠位部分の表面上に位置付けられる、ことと、
閾値を満たすかまたは超過する前記対電極電圧の特性を識別することと、
前記閾値を超過する前記対電極電圧の特性を識別することに応答して、前記対電極電圧と感知電流との間の相関を決定することであって、前記感知電流は、前記微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスの作用電極の表面において発生される、ことと、
前記対電極電圧の前記特性および前記相関に基づいて、動作モードを前記微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスに適用することと
を含み、
前記作用電極は、前記作用電極の表面において分析物の酸化還元反応を示す前記感知電流を発生させるように構成される電気化学的感知コーティングを備え、前記作用電極は、微小針アレイにおける第2の微小針の遠位部分の表面上に位置付けられ、
前記微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスは、前記微小針アレイにおける第3の微小針の遠位部分の表面上に位置付けられる基準電極と、前記作用電極と前記基準電極との間に固定された電位関係を維持し、前記作用電極における前記酸化還元反応を持続させるために、前記対電極の電位がスイングすることを可能にするように構成されるアナログフロントエンドとをさらに備える、方法。 - 前記対電極電圧の前記特性は、前記対電極電圧の変化率または前記対電極電圧の順守下限のうちの1つまたはそれを上回るものを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記対電極電圧の変化および前記感知電流の変化は、前記対電極電圧と前記感知電流との間の前記相関を示す、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記動作モードは、前記対電極電圧の前記変化が、前記感知電流の前記変化と一致する場合、および前記対電極電圧の前記変化率が、閾値変化率を超過する場合、前記感知電流を無視することを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記感知電流を無視するという前記動作モードは、前記対電極電圧の前記変化率が、前記閾値変化率を超過しないという後続の決定に応答して中断される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記動作モードは、前記対電極電圧の前記順守下限が、閾値順守限界を満たす場合、前記作用電極と前記基準電極との間の電位の印加を中止することを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記動作モードは、前記対電極電圧の前記変化が、前記感知電流の前記変化から偏移される場合、および前記対電極電圧の前記変化率が、閾値変化率を超過する場合、前記作用電極と前記基準電極との間の電位の印加を中止することを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記微小針アレイベースの分析物監視デバイスは、1つまたはそれを上回る付加的作用電極をさらに備え、前記1つまたはそれを上回る付加的作用電極はそれぞれ、個別の感知電流を発生させ、
前記方法は、前記閾値を超過する前記対電極電圧の前記特性を識別することに応答して、前記対電極電圧と前記個別の感知電流との間の相関を決定することをさらに含む、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記動作モードは、前記対電極電圧と前記個別の感知電流との間の前記相関にさらに基づく、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記作用電極における前記感知電流および前記1つまたはそれを上回る付加的作用電極における前記個別の感知電流は、複合相関を決定するために組み合わせられる、請求項19に記載の方法。
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