JP7313350B2 - ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系 - Google Patents
ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7313350B2 JP7313350B2 JP2020529209A JP2020529209A JP7313350B2 JP 7313350 B2 JP7313350 B2 JP 7313350B2 JP 2020529209 A JP2020529209 A JP 2020529209A JP 2020529209 A JP2020529209 A JP 2020529209A JP 7313350 B2 JP7313350 B2 JP 7313350B2
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- zirconocene
- reactor
- catalyst
- titanocene
- bis
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 252
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 100
- JAGHDVYKBYUAFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L cyclopenta-1,3-diene;titanium(4+);dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ti+4].C1C=CC=[C-]1.C1C=CC=[C-]1 JAGHDVYKBYUAFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 84
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012685 gas phase polymerization Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- JLZGNJGMSHVPME-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)C1(C=CC=C1)[Zr](C)(C)C1(C=CC=C1)CCCC Chemical compound C(CCC)C1(C=CC=C1)[Zr](C)(C)C1(C=CC=C1)CCCC JLZGNJGMSHVPME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- KZUKCLOWAMFDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L butylcyclopentane;dichlorozirconium Chemical compound Cl[Zr]Cl.CCCC[C]1[CH][CH][CH][CH]1.CCCC[C]1[CH][CH][CH][CH]1 KZUKCLOWAMFDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005638 polyethylene monopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- CKNXPIUXGGVRME-UHFFFAOYSA-L CCCCC1(C=CC(C)=C1)[Zr](Cl)(Cl)C1(CCCC)C=CC(C)=C1 Chemical compound CCCCC1(C=CC(C)=C1)[Zr](Cl)(Cl)C1(CCCC)C=CC(C)=C1 CKNXPIUXGGVRME-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- IJNPILGQESCGNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)C1(C=CC=C1)[Zr](CC)(CC)C1(C=CC=C1)CCCC Chemical compound C(CCC)C1(C=CC=C1)[Zr](CC)(CC)C1(C=CC=C1)CCCC IJNPILGQESCGNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CSBTWOSHLJJSTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC(C)=CC1(CCCC)[Zr](C)(C)C1(CCCC)C=CC(C)=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC1(CCCC)[Zr](C)(C)C1(CCCC)C=CC(C)=C1 CSBTWOSHLJJSTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JPYCSZVZKNOXSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCC1=CC(C)(C=C1)[Zr](CC)(CC)C1(C)C=CC(CCCC)=C1 Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC(C)(C=C1)[Zr](CC)(CC)C1(C)C=CC(CCCC)=C1 JPYCSZVZKNOXSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GDNMFFDVMPKPBL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Br-].[Br-].C(CCC)C1(C=CC=C1)[Zr+2]C1(C=CC=C1)CCCC Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].C(CCC)C1(C=CC=C1)[Zr+2]C1(C=CC=C1)CCCC GDNMFFDVMPKPBL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VPGLGRNSAYHXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconium(2+);dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr]Cl VPGLGRNSAYHXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YFSWHNAXDUCGOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Br-].[Br-].CC1(C=C(C=C1)CCCC)[Zr+2]C1(C=C(C=C1)CCCC)C Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].CC1(C=C(C=C1)CCCC)[Zr+2]C1(C=C(C=C1)CCCC)C YFSWHNAXDUCGOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMMRKRFMSDTOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].C1C=CC=C1.C1C=CC=C1 ZMMRKRFMSDTOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 9
- GWWKZPLMVIATIO-UHFFFAOYSA-L dibromozirconium Chemical compound Br[Zr]Br GWWKZPLMVIATIO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- IDASTKMEQGPVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene;zirconium(2+) Chemical compound [Zr+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 IDASTKMEQGPVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 23
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 21
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloxaluminane Chemical compound C[Al]1CCCCO1 AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N TCB Natural products ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical group CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000006702 (C1-C18) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- FTFYDDRPCCMKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylcyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC1 FTFYDDRPCCMKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- GCPCLEKQVMKXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(diethyl)alumane Chemical compound CCO[Al](CC)CC GCPCLEKQVMKXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyllithium Chemical compound C[Li] DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011020 pilot scale process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GGKNTGJPGZQNID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-$l^{1}-oxidanyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-trimethylazanium Chemical compound CC1(C)CC([N+](C)(C)C)CC(C)(C)N1[O] GGKNTGJPGZQNID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRTIUDXYIUKIIE-KZUMESAESA-N (1z,5z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].C\1C\C=C/CC\C=C/1.C\1C\C=C/CC\C=C/1 JRTIUDXYIUKIIE-KZUMESAESA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGCSPKPEHQEOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl UGCSPKPEHQEOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 101710194905 ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical compound C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100029217 High affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710081758 High affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940063655 aluminum stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAEKNCDIHIGLFI-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Co+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O QAEKNCDIHIGLFI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[14CH3] DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylzinc Chemical compound CC[Zn]CC HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLHLJVCOVBYQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CC BLHLJVCOVBYQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021482 group 13 metal Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XBEREOHJDYAKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;propane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH2-] XBEREOHJDYAKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxide Chemical compound [O-]C NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCC[CH]CCCC ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N normal nonane Natural products CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- IKNCGYCHMGNBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate Chemical compound CCC[O-] IKNCGYCHMGNBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VALAJCQQJWINGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yl)alumane Chemical compound CC(C)[Al](C(C)C)C(C)C VALAJCQQJWINGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Al](CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOJQVUCWSDRWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentylalumane Chemical compound CCCCC[Al](CCCCC)CCCCC JOJQVUCWSDRWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylalumane Chemical compound CCC[Al](CCC)CCC CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- LSWWNKUULMMMIL-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(iv) bromide Chemical compound Br[Zr](Br)(Br)Br LSWWNKUULMMMIL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65916—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F10/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Description
本願発明には以下の態様が含まれる。
項1.
ジルコノセン触媒およびチタノセン触媒を含むジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系であって、
前記ジルコノセン触媒が、((R1)x-シクロペンタジエニル)((R2)y-シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化/二臭化/ジアルキルジルコニウムと、アルキルアルミノキサンとの活性化反応の生成物を含み、添字xは、1または2であり、添字yは、0、1、または2であり、R1およびR2は、各々独立して、メチル、エチル、ノルマル-(C3~C10)アルキル(直鎖)、またはイソ-(C3~C10)アルキルであり、
前記チタノセン触媒が、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化チタンとトリアルキルアルミニウムとの活性化反応の生成物を含み、
前記ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系が、0.005~0.25のトリアルキルアルミニウムと前記ジルコノセン触媒との重量/重量比によって特徴付けられ、
前記ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系が、0.001~0.05のビス(シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化チタンと前記ジルコノセン触媒との重量/重量比によって特徴付けられる、
ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。
項2.
金属カルボン酸塩をさらに含み、前記金属カルボン酸塩が、式:MQm(O2CR)nで表され、式中、Mは、元素周期表の第2族または第13族の金属原子であり、Qは、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、シロキシ、シリル、またはスルホネート基であり、Rは、(C5~C30)ヒドロカルビルであり、添字mは、0~3の整数であり、添字nは、1~3の整数であり、添字mとnの合計は、Mの原子価と同じである、項1に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。
項3.
限定(i)~(vi):
(i)添字xは1であり、かつ添字yは0である、
(ii)添字xおよびyは、各々1である、
(iii)添字xは1であり、かつ添字yは2である、
(iv)添字xは2であり、かつ添字yは0である、
(v)添字xは2であり、かつ添字yは1である、
(vi)添字xは2であり、かつ添字yは2である、
のうちのいずれか1つによって特徴付けられる、項1または2に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。
項4.
限定(i)~(viii):
(i)前記((R1)x-シクロペンタジエニル)((R2)y-シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化/二臭化/ジアルキルジルコニウムは、ビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)二塩化ジルコニウム、ビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)二臭化ジルコニウム、ビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジメチルジルコニウム、およびビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジエチルジルコニウムから選択される、
(ii)前記((R1)x-シクロペンタジエニル)((R2)y-シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化/二臭化/ジアルキルジルコニウムは、ビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)二塩化ジルコニウムである、
(iii)前記((R1)x-シクロペンタジエニル)((R2)y-シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化/二臭化/ジアルキルジルコニウムは、ビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジメチルジルコニウムである、
(iv)前記((R1)x-シクロペンタジエニル)((R2)y-シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化/二臭化/ジアルキルジルコニウムは、ビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジエチルジルコニウムである、
(v)前記((R1)x-シクロペンタジエニル)((R2)y-シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化/二臭化/ジアルキルジルコニウムは、ビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)二塩化ジルコニウム、ビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)二臭化ジルコニウム、ビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジメチルジルコニウム、およびビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジエチルジルコニウムから選択される、
(vi)前記((R1)x-シクロペンタジエニル)((R2)y-シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化/二臭化/ジアルキルジルコニウムは、ビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)二塩化ジルコニウムである、
(vii)前記((R1)x-シクロペンタジエニル)((R2)y-シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化/二臭化/ジアルキルジルコニウムは、ビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジメチルジルコニウムである、ならびに
(viii)前記((R1)x-シクロペンタジエニル)((R2)y-シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化/二臭化/ジアルキルジルコニウムは、ビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジエチルジルコニウムである、
のうちのいずれか1つによって特徴付けられる、項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。
項5.
前記トリアルキルアルミニウムが、限定(i)~(vii):
(i)トリ((C1~C8)アルキル)アルミニウム、
(ii)トリ((C3~C7)アルキル)アルミニウム、
(iii)トリ((C4~C6)アルキル)アルミニウム、
(iv)トリ((C4)アルキル)アルミニウム、
(v)トリ((C6)アルキル)アルミニウム、
(vi)トリ(2-メチルプロピル)アルミニウム、および
(vii)トリ(ヘキシル)アルミニウム
のうちのいずれか1つから選択される、項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。
項6.
前記ジルコノセン触媒が、担体材料上に担持されている、項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。
項7.
前記ジルコノセン触媒、および任意に前記チタノセン触媒が、担体材料上で噴霧乾燥される、項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。
項8.
ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系の作製方法であって、
前記((R1)x-シクロペンタジエニル)((R2)y-シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化/二臭化/ジアルキルジルコニウムを、アルキルアルミノキサン、および任意に担体材料、および任意に式:MQm(O2CR)nの金属カルボン酸塩(式中、M、Q、R、m、およびnは、上記に定義された通り)と接触させて、ジルコノセン触媒を得ることと、
次いで、前記ジルコノセン触媒を、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化チタンとトリアルキルアルミニウムとの活性化反応によって作製されたチタノセン触媒と接触させることと、を含み、
それによって、前記チタン触媒および前記ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系を得る、方法。
項9.
ポリエチレン組成物の作製方法であって、重合反応器内で、エチレン、および任意に0、1、または複数種の(C3~C20)アルファ-オレフィンを、項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系と接触させて、ポリエチレンホモポリマーまたはエチレン/(C3~C20)アルファ-オレフィンコポリマーをそれぞれ、および前記ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系、またはこれらの副生成物を含む、ポリエチレン組成物を得る重合反応を発生させることを含む、方法。
項10.
限定(i)~(iv):
(i)外部供給分子状水素ガス(H2)は、前記重合反応器に添加されず、前記方法の前記接触工程中に存在しない、
(ii)前記方法は、前記方法の前記接触工程中に、外部供給H2ガスを前記重合反応器に添加することをさらに含む、
(iii)前記方法は、(C3~C20)アルファ-オレフィンを含まず、エチレンのみに由来する構成単位を含有する前記ポリエチレンホモポリマーを作製する、
(iv)前記方法は、1種以上の(C3~C20)アルファ-オレフィンをさらに含み、エチレンに由来するモノマー構成単位、および1種以上の(C3~C20)アルファ-オレフィンコモノマーに由来するコモノマー構成単位それぞれを含有する、前記エチレン/(C3~C20)アルファ-オレフィンコポリマーを作製する、
のうちのいずれか1つによって特徴付けられる、項9に記載の方法。
項11.
任意に追加の外部分子状水素ガス(H2)の存在下で、任意に誘導縮合剤(ICA)の存在下で、(共)重合条件下で1つ、2つ、またはそれ以上の気相重合反応器内での気相重合を含み、それによって、前記ポリエチレン組成物を作製し、前記(共)重合条件が、80℃~110℃の反応温度、0.00001~0.25の前記分子状水素ガスと前記エチレンとのモル比、および0.001~0.20の前記コモノマーと前記エチレンとのモル比を含む、項9または10に記載の方法。
項12.
前記接触工程の前に、前記方法が、工程(i)~(iii):
(i)前記ジルコノセン触媒と前記チタノセン触媒とを別個の混合槽内で予備混合して、これらの予備混合物を作製すること、前記予備混合物を2時間~7日間熟成して、熟成予備混合物を作製すること、および次いで、前記熟成予備混合物を前記重合反応器に供給すること、
(ii)前記ジルコノセン触媒と前記チタノセン触媒とを互いに混合機内で予備混合して、これらの未熟成予備混合物を作製すること、および前記予備混合の120分以内に、前記未熟成予備混合物を前記重合反応器に供給すること、
(iii)前記ジルコノセン触媒および前記チタノセン触媒を、別個に別個の反応器入口を介して、前記重合反応器に供給すること、それによって、前記ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系を、前記重合反応器内でインサイチュで作製すること、
のうちのいずれか1つをさらに含む、項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
項13.
項9、10、11、または12に記載の方法によって作製されたポリエチレン組成物。
Claims (11)
- ジルコノセン触媒およびチタノセン触媒を含むジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系であって、
前記ジルコノセン触媒が、((R 1 ) x -シクロペンタジエニル)((R 2 ) y -シクロペンタジエニル)の二塩化ジルコニウム、二臭化ジルコニウム、およびジアルキルジルコニウムの少なくとも1つと、アルキルアルミノキサンとの活性化反応の生成物を含み、添字xは、1または2であり、添字yは、0、1、または2であり、R1およびR2は、各々独立して、メチル、エチル、ノルマル-(C3~C10)アルキル(直鎖)、またはイソ-(C3~C10)アルキルであり、
前記チタノセン触媒が、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化チタンとトリアルキルアルミニウムとの活性化反応の生成物を含み、
前記ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系が、0.005~0.25のトリアルキルアルミニウムと前記ジルコノセン触媒との重量/重量比によって特徴付けられ、
前記ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系が、0.001~0.05のビス(シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化チタンと前記ジルコノセン触媒との重量/重量比によって特徴付けられる、
ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。 - 金属カルボン酸塩をさらに含み、前記金属カルボン酸塩が、式:MQm(O2CR)nで表され、式中、Mは、元素周期表の第2族または第13族の金属原子であり、Qは、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、シロキシ、シリル、またはスルホネート基であり、Rは、(C5~C30)ヒドロカルビルであり、添字mは、0~3の整数であり、添字nは、1~3の整数であり、添字mとnの合計は、Mの原子価と同じである、請求項1に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。
- 限定(i)~(vi):
(i)添字xは1であり、かつ添字yは0である、
(ii)添字xおよびyは、各々1である、
(iii)添字xは1であり、かつ添字yは2である、
(iv)添字xは2であり、かつ添字yは0である、
(v)添字xは2であり、かつ添字yは1である、
(vi)添字xは2であり、かつ添字yは2である、
のうちのいずれか1つによって特徴付けられる、請求項1または2に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。 - 前記((R 1 ) x -シクロペンタジエニル)((R 2 ) y -シクロペンタジエニル)の二塩化ジルコニウム、二臭化ジルコニウム、およびジアルキルジルコニウムの少なくとも1つは、下記限定(i)~(viii):
(i)ビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)二塩化ジルコニウム、ビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)二臭化ジルコニウム、ビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジメチルジルコニウム、およびビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジエチルジルコニウムから選択される、
(ii)ビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)二塩化ジルコニウムである、
(iii)ビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジメチルジルコニウムである、
(iv)ビス(ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジエチルジルコニウムである、
(v)ビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)二塩化ジルコニウム、ビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)二臭化ジルコニウム、ビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジメチルジルコニウム、およびビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジエチルジルコニウムから選択される、
(vi)ビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)二塩化ジルコニウムである、
(vii)ビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジメチルジルコニウムである、ならびに
(viii)ビス(1-メチル-3-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジエチルジルコニウムである、
のうちのいずれか1つによって特徴付けられる、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。 - 前記トリアルキルアルミニウムが、限定(i)~(vii):
(i)トリ((C1~C8)アルキル)アルミニウム、
(ii)トリ((C3~C7)アルキル)アルミニウム、
(iii)トリ((C4~C6)アルキル)アルミニウム、
(iv)トリ((C4)アルキル)アルミニウム、
(v)トリ((C6)アルキル)アルミニウム、
(vi)トリ(2-メチルプロピル)アルミニウム、および
(vii)トリ(ヘキシル)アルミニウム
のうちのいずれか1つから選択される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。 - 前記ジルコノセン触媒が、担体材料上に担持されている、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系。
- ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系の作製方法であって、
((R 1 ) x -シクロペンタジエニル)((R 2 ) y -シクロペンタジエニル)の二塩化ジルコニウム、二臭化ジルコニウム、およびジアルキルジルコニウムの少なくとも1つ(ここで、添字xは、1または2であり、添字yは、0、1、または2であり、R 1 およびR 2 は、各々独立して、メチル、エチル、ノルマル-(C 3 ~C 10 )アルキル(直鎖)、またはイソ-(C 3 ~C 10 )アルキルである)を、アルキルアルミノキサン、および任意に担体材料、および任意に式:MQm(O2CR)nの金属カルボン酸塩(ここで、Mは、元素周期表の第2族または第13族の金属原子であり、Qは、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、シロキシ、シリル、またはスルホネート基であり、Rは、(C 5 ~C 30 )ヒドロカルビルであり、添字mは、0~3の整数であり、添字nは、1~3の整数であり、添字mとnの合計は、Mの原子価と同じである)と接触させて、ジルコノセン触媒を得ることと、
次いで、前記ジルコノセン触媒を、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)二塩化チタンとトリアルキルアルミニウムとの活性化反応によって作製されたチタノセン触媒と接触させることと、を含み、
それによって、前記ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系を得る、方法。 - ポリエチレン組成物の作製方法であって、重合反応器内で、エチレン、および任意にコモノマーとして0、1、または複数種の(C3~C20)アルファ-オレフィンを、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系と接触させて、ポリエチレンホモポリマーまたはエチレン/(C3~C20)アルファ-オレフィンコポリマーをそれぞれ、および前記ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系、またはこれらの副生成物を含む、ポリエチレン組成物を得る重合反応を発生させることを含む、方法。
- 限定(i)~(iv):
(i)外部供給分子状水素ガス(H2)は、前記重合反応器に添加されず、前記方法の前記接触工程中に存在しない、
(ii)前記方法は、前記方法の前記接触工程中に、外部供給H2ガスを前記重合反応器に添加することをさらに含む、
(iii)前記方法は、(C3~C20)アルファ-オレフィンを含まず、エチレンのみに由来する構成単位を含有する前記ポリエチレンホモポリマーを作製する、
(iv)前記方法は、コモノマーとして1種以上の(C3~C20)アルファ-オレフィンをさらに含み、エチレンに由来するモノマー構成単位、および1種以上の(C3~C20)アルファ-オレフィンコモノマーに由来するコモノマー構成単位それぞれを含有する、前記エチレン/(C3~C20)アルファ-オレフィンコポリマーを作製する、
のうちのいずれか1つによって特徴付けられる、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 任意に追加の外部分子状水素ガス(H2)の存在下で、任意に誘導縮合剤(ICA)の存在下で、(共)重合条件下で1つ、2つ、またはそれ以上の気相重合反応器内での気相重合を含み、それによって、前記ポリエチレン組成物を作製し、前記(共)重合条件が、80℃~110℃の反応温度、0.00001~0.25の前記分子状水素ガスと前記エチレンとのモル比、および0.001~0.20の前記コモノマーと前記エチレンとのモル比を含む、請求項8または9に記載の方法。
- 前記接触工程の前に、前記方法が、工程(i)~(iii):
(i)前記ジルコノセン触媒と前記チタノセン触媒とを別個の混合槽内で予備混合して、これらの予備混合物を作製すること、前記予備混合物を2時間~7日間熟成して、熟成予備混合物を作製すること、および次いで、前記熟成予備混合物を前記重合反応器に供給すること、
(ii)前記ジルコノセン触媒と前記チタノセン触媒とを互いに混合機内で予備混合して、これらの未熟成予備混合物を作製すること、および前記予備混合の120分以内に、前記未熟成予備混合物を前記重合反応器に供給すること、
(iii)前記ジルコノセン触媒および前記チタノセン触媒を、別個に別個の反応器入口を介して、前記重合反応器に供給すること、それによって、前記ジルコノセン-チタノセン触媒系を、前記重合反応器内でインサイチュで作製すること、
のうちのいずれか1つをさらに含む、請求項8~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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