JP7259027B2 - 魚や甲殻類の生きた成熟卵からキャビア又はキャビア様製品を製造するための方法及びそのような製品 - Google Patents
魚や甲殻類の生きた成熟卵からキャビア又はキャビア様製品を製造するための方法及びそのような製品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7259027B2 JP7259027B2 JP2021525247A JP2021525247A JP7259027B2 JP 7259027 B2 JP7259027 B2 JP 7259027B2 JP 2021525247 A JP2021525247 A JP 2021525247A JP 2021525247 A JP2021525247 A JP 2021525247A JP 7259027 B2 JP7259027 B2 JP 7259027B2
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- potassium
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/30—Fish eggs, e.g. caviar; Fish-egg substitutes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Description
・外部放射帯(zona radiata externa)ZRE(科学では、外部卵黄鞘(放射帯=卵黄外被)、外側卵黄帯、外部卵黄外被、層2、絨毛膜層2、透明帯外膜(zona pellucida externa lat.)、放射帯外膜(zona radiata externa lat.)、外被の層1B、第2外被とも呼ばれる)、卵黄外被の外側部分は、肺胞層の真下にある。
・エピ層EP(科学では、エピ層1、層4、第1の外被の外層とも呼ばれる)は、ZREをZRAから分離するが、すべての種類の卵に存在するわけではない。
・内部放射帯(zona radiata interna)ZRI(科学では、内部卵黄外被、内部卵黄帯、内部卵黄膜、絨毛膜層1、透明帯内膜(zona pellucida Interna lat.)、放射帯内膜(zona radiata interna lat.)、外被の層1A、第1外被の内層とも呼ばれる)、卵黄膜の内側部分、ZRAに密接に接続されている。
・卵黄周囲ギャップ(科学では、卵母細胞外マトリックス、卵形質の微絨毛隆起とのギャップとも呼ばれる)、ZRIと卵膜の間の狭いスペース、卵形質はそこに多数の微絨毛(MV)を挿入する。
以下では、本発明による水生動物の生きた成熟卵及びそのような製品からのキャビア又はキャビア様製品の製造方法、及び本発明をさらに理解するためのそれらの有利な改変について、実施形態の例と図によってさらに説明する。
・縞模様の生きた卵を卵巣液と一緒にキャビア実験室にすぐに輸送する(待機時間は大幅に回避され、避けられない待機時間は氷上で橋渡しされ、卵巣液を空気不透過性のプラスチックフィルムで覆うことにより酸素を排除する)。
・卵巣液が完全に除去されるまで、生きた卵を0.9%生理食塩水中で直ちに徹底的にすすぐ。
・導電率が10μS/cm(25℃)、温度が10℃の極温度範囲の脱イオン水中のクエン酸カリウムから0.1~2mmolのカリウムカチオン溶液を調製する、
・生きた成熟卵を10分間のカリウム曝露時間で溶液に導入する、及び
・処理された卵を溶液から取り除く、そして
・導電率が10μS/cm(25℃)で10℃の極温度範囲の温度の脱イオン水中の塩化カルシウムの0.5~2mmolのカルシウムカチオン溶液をさらに準備する、
・生きた成熟卵を他の溶液に12分間のカルシウム曝露時間で導入する、及び
・処理された卵を他の溶液から取り除く、そして
AL 肺胞層
Ca++ カルシウムカチオン
CG 皮質顆粒
CYT 細胞質(OP)
D 卵黄
EP エピ層
K+ カリウムカチオン
Mv 平均値
OP 卵母細胞形質(卵形質)
pAL 肺胞層(卵膜の周辺に向かって)
PO 卵母細胞の原形質膜(卵細胞)
SS 安定化層
Std 標準偏差
V 液胞
ZRI 内部放射帯(zona radiata interna)
ZRE 外部放射帯(zona radiata externa)
Claims (22)
- 魚又は甲殻類の生きた成熟した排卵された卵を損傷しない食塩水中で、続いて、水及びそれに溶解した少なくとも1つの、生きた成熟した排卵された卵の卵外被の安定化を引き起こすカチオン性成分を含有する少なくとも1つの溶液中で生きた成熟した排卵された卵を処理することにより、卵外被内に3つ以上の層を有する魚又は甲殻類からの生きた成熟した排卵された卵からキャビア又はキャビア様製品を製造する方法であって、ここで該生きた成熟した排卵された卵は受精可能であるが未受精の状態にあり、卵形質中に天然のカリウム含有量を有しているものである前記方法において、
前記「少なくとも1つの、生きた成熟した排卵された卵の卵外被の安定化を引き起こすカチオン性成分」が、カリウム供与体からのカリウムカチオンであり、
前記「水及びそれに溶解した少なくとも1つの、生きた成熟した排卵された卵の卵外被の安定化を引き起こすカチオン性成分を含有する少なくとも1つの溶液中で生きた成熟した排卵された卵を処理すること」(ただし、該カチオン性成分はカリウムカチオンである)であるカリウム曝露ステップにおいて、該カリウム供与体は、生きている成熟した排卵された卵に損傷を与えず、天然のカリウム含有量を変化させないカリウムカチオンの濃度で水に溶解し、
水はカチオン性成分の形成のためのカリウム供与体を添加する前に脱イオン化されており、魚及び甲殻類のための自然産卵温度範囲の温度であり、
生きた成熟した排卵された卵は、卵外被の所望の弾性安定化が達成されるまで、カリウム曝露時間の間、溶液中で処理され、
最終的に生きた成熟した排卵された卵の浸漬が食塩水中で行われることを特徴とする、上記方法。 - 使用されるカリウム供与体が、少なくとも1つのカリウム塩、好ましくはクエン酸の塩及び/又は塩酸の塩及び/又はソルビン酸の塩であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 1つの溶液中のカリウムカチオンの濃度が、0.1mmol/l、0.5mmol/l、0.65mmol/l、1.6mmol/l又は2.0mmol/l、好ましくは、1.0mmol/l又は1.5mmol/lであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- カリウム曝露ステップにおけるカリウム曝露時間が、10分、12分、15分、20分又は25分であることを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- カリウム曝露ステップの前に、又はカリウム曝露ステップの後の「生きた成熟した排卵された卵の浸漬」の後、別の溶液におけるカルシウム曝露ステップを含み、該カルシウム曝露ステップにおいて、カルシウムは、生きた成熟した排卵された卵に損傷を与えないカルシウムカチオンの濃度でカチオン性成分として水に溶解され、前記水は、前記カチオン性成分を形成するためのカルシウム供与体の添加前に脱イオン化されており、魚及び甲殻類のための自然産卵温度範囲にある温度であり、生きた成熟した排卵された卵が、卵外被の所望の構造的安定化が達成されるまでカルシウム曝露時間の間、前記溶液中で処理され、最終的に生きた成熟した排卵された卵の浸漬が食塩水中で行われることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 使用されるカルシウム供与体が、少なくとも1つのカルシウム塩、好ましくはクエン酸カルシウム、塩化カルシウム及び/又はソルビン酸カルシウムであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 他の溶液中のカルシウムカチオンの濃度が、0.5mmol/l、0.8mmol/l、1.0mmol/l、1.5mmol/l、1.6mmol/l又は2.0mmol/lであることを特徴とする、請求項5又は6に記載の方法。
- カルシウム曝露ステップにおけるカルシウム曝露時間が、10分、12.5分、15分、16分、20分又は25分であることを特徴とする、請求項5から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- カリウム曝露ステップにおける溶液及び/又はカルシウム曝露ステップ(該ステップが存在する場合)における溶液の温度が、
1℃と15℃の間、好ましくは5℃と12℃の間、特に好ましくは10℃の極温度範囲、
10℃と20℃の間、好ましくは15℃、特に好ましくは12℃の中程度の温度範囲、又は
20℃と29℃の間、好ましくは27℃、特に好ましくは21℃の熱帯温度範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 脱イオン水は、25℃で1μS/cmと15μS/cmの間、好ましくは10μS/cm以下、特に好ましくは1μS/cmの導電率を有することを特徴とする、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- カリウム曝露ステップ及び/又はカルシウム曝露ステップ(該ステップが存在する場合)の溶液が6.8と8.0の間、好ましくは7.0と7.9の間、特に好ましくは7.2又は7.4又は7.5のpHを有することを特徴とする、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 生きた成熟した排卵された卵の最後の浸漬に続いて、保存及びフレーバー強化のために、キャビア又はキャビア代替製品の量に基づいて、2.0%から3.8%、好ましくは3.5%の塩化ナトリウムで穏やかな塩漬けが行われ、塩化ナトリウムにはカリウムとカルシウムの供与体は含まれていないことを特徴とする、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 保存とフレーバー強化のための前記穏やかな塩漬けに続いて、キャビア又はキャビア様製品の貯蔵は、密閉されたガラス容器内で、-2℃と-4℃の間の温度で数ヶ月、好ましくは1~3ヶ月間行われることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 保存及びフレーバー強化又は貯蔵に続いて、キャビア又はキャビア様製品が、-20℃と-15℃の間の範囲の温度、好ましくは-18℃で凍結されることを特徴とする、請求項12又は13に記載の方法。
- 0.05≦PI≦0.15、好ましくは0.05≦PI≦0.12の分極指数PIの魚や甲殻類の生きた成熟した排卵された卵を処理することを特徴とする、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 産卵又は剥ぎ取りによって排卵状態で収穫された、野生で捕獲された又は水産養殖からの魚又は甲殻類からの生きた成熟した排卵された卵が処理されることを特徴とする請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 最近の及び原始的な硬骨魚、好ましくはチョウザメ種からの生きた成熟した排卵された卵、又は甲殻類からの、好ましくはロブスターからの生きた成熟した卵が収穫されることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 直径3.2mm以上の粒子サイズの非常に大きな生きた成熟した排卵された卵、又は0.3N以下の破裂前の荷重を備えた柔らかく不安定な生きた成熟した排卵された卵を処理することを特徴とする、請求項6から17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 食塩水が0.6パーセントから1.0パーセントの食塩水であることを特徴とする、請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 食塩水が0.9パーセントの食塩水であることを特徴とする、請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 卵外被内に3つ以上の層を有する魚又は甲殻類からの生きた成熟した排卵された卵であって、受精可能であるが未受精の状態にあり、卵形質中に天然のカリウム含有量を有する上記生きた成熟した排卵された卵からのキャビア又はキャビア様製品であって、
弾性安定化層(SS)が卵外被内で内部放射帯(ZRI)と肺胞層(AL)の間、好ましくは外部放射帯(ZRE)と肺胞層(AL)の間に形成され、エオシン好性とヒアリンの特性があり、グルコサミノグリカン中に組み込まれていることを特徴とする、上記キャビア又はキャビア様製品。 - 組み込まれたチロシン分子によるタンパク質鎖の不可逆的な架橋が、卵外被中で内部放射帯(ZRI)及び外部放射帯(ZRE)でさらに発達することを特徴とする、請求項20に記載のキャビア又はキャビア様製品。
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US201862780356P | 2018-12-17 | 2018-12-17 | |
US62/780,356 | 2018-12-17 | ||
DE102018132386.7A DE102018132386A1 (de) | 2018-12-17 | 2018-12-17 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kaviar oder einem kaviarähnlichen Produkt aus reifen Eiern von lebenden Wassertieren und solche Produkte |
DE102018132386.7 | 2018-12-17 | ||
EP18212833.0A EP3669668A1 (de) | 2018-12-17 | 2018-12-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung von kaviar oder einem kaviarähnlichem produkt aus reifen eiern von lebenden wassertieren und solche produkte |
EP18212833.0 | 2018-12-17 | ||
PCT/DE2019/100993 WO2020125848A1 (de) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-11-20 | Verfahren, das der herstellung von kaviar oder einem kaviarähnlichem produkt aus lebenden, reifen eiern von fischen oder krebstieren dient, und solche produkte |
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JP2001299285A (ja) | 2000-04-27 | 2001-10-30 | Okuno Chem Ind Co Ltd | 魚卵の品質改良方法 |
JP2009511077A (ja) | 2005-10-19 | 2009-03-19 | シュティフトゥンク アルフレット − ヴェーゲナー − インスティチュート フェール ポーラー − ウント メーレスフォルシュンク | 良質な食料品用に水生動物の排卵後の卵を調製するための方法及び前記方法を使用して調製した排卵後の卵 |
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US3852489A (en) | 1973-04-06 | 1974-12-03 | New England Fish Co | Food products and the preservation and enhancing of the appearance thereof |
US4375481A (en) * | 1980-07-18 | 1983-03-01 | Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for production of roe-like multilayer spherical structure |
JPS62143668A (ja) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-06-26 | Taiyo Fishery Co Ltd | すり身の製造法 |
JP2525154B2 (ja) | 1986-07-31 | 1996-08-14 | 扶桑化学工業株式会社 | 魚卵の処理方法 |
SU1662469A1 (ru) | 1989-03-09 | 1991-07-15 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт морского рыбного хозяйства и океанографии | Способ консервировани икры рыб |
RU2048111C1 (ru) | 1993-12-29 | 1995-11-20 | Копыленко Лилия Рафаэльевна | Композиция для консервирования рыбы и рыбопродуктов |
RU2232523C2 (ru) | 2002-09-03 | 2004-07-20 | Копыленко Лилия Рафаэльевна | Способ получения зернистой икры из овулировавшей икры осетровых рыб |
US20110189365A1 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-04 | Dennis Tagrin | Product and process for cryopreservation of marine aquarium foodstuffs |
RU2458584C1 (ru) | 2011-05-11 | 2012-08-20 | Лилия Рафаэльевна Копыленко | Композиция для консервирования икры рыб, выращенных в условиях аквакультуры |
RU2549763C1 (ru) | 2013-04-15 | 2015-04-27 | Ирина Львовна Корязова | Способ консервирования овулировавшей икры осетровых рыб |
EP3297429A2 (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2018-03-28 | University of Maryland, Baltimore County | Methods of agent delivery into eggs of egg-producing aquatic animals |
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JP2001299285A (ja) | 2000-04-27 | 2001-10-30 | Okuno Chem Ind Co Ltd | 魚卵の品質改良方法 |
JP2009511077A (ja) | 2005-10-19 | 2009-03-19 | シュティフトゥンク アルフレット − ヴェーゲナー − インスティチュート フェール ポーラー − ウント メーレスフォルシュンク | 良質な食料品用に水生動物の排卵後の卵を調製するための方法及び前記方法を使用して調製した排卵後の卵 |
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