JP7203303B2 - 電気化学デバイス用正極およびそれを備える電気化学デバイス - Google Patents
電気化学デバイス用正極およびそれを備える電気化学デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP7203303B2 JP7203303B2 JP2019510228A JP2019510228A JP7203303B2 JP 7203303 B2 JP7203303 B2 JP 7203303B2 JP 2019510228 A JP2019510228 A JP 2019510228A JP 2019510228 A JP2019510228 A JP 2019510228A JP 7203303 B2 JP7203303 B2 JP 7203303B2
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- positive electrode
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- conductive polymer
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Description
前記導電性高分子は、ポリアニリン類を含み、
前記活性層は、赤外線吸収スペクトル(以下、IRスペクトルと言う)においてカルボニル基に由来するピークを示す、電気化学デバイス用正極に関する。
≪電気化学デバイス≫
本実施形態に係る電気化学デバイスは、正極と、負極と、を具備する。正極は、正極集電体と、正極集電体上に形成された活性層とを備える。正極集電体上にはカーボン層を形成してもよい。カーボン層を設ける場合には、正極集電体と活性層との間の抵抗を低減して、容量の低下を抑制できるため、フロート特性の低下を抑制する上でより有利である。活性層は、正極集電体と活性層との間にカーボン層などを介在させた状態で、正極集電体上に配されていてもよく、カーボン層が存在しない領域がある場合には、正極集電体上に直接配されていてもよい。
(正極)
本発明には、電気化学デバイスの正極(電気化学デバイス用正極)も包含される。以下に正極についてより詳細に説明する。
正極11が備える正極集電体111には、例えば、シート状の金属材料が用いられる。シート状の金属材料としては、例えば、金属箔、金属多孔体、パンチングメタル、エキスパンデッドメタル、エッチングメタルなどが用いられる。正極集電体111の材質としては、例えば、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、ニッケル、チタンなどを用いることができ、好ましくは、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金が用いられる。正極集電体111の厚みは、例えば、10~100μmである。
(カーボン層)
カーボン層112は、例えば、正極集電体111の表面に導電性炭素材料を蒸着することにより形成される。あるいは、カーボン層112は、導電性炭素材料を含むカーボンペーストを、正極集電体111の表面に塗布して塗膜を形成し、その後、塗膜を乾燥することで形成される。カーボンペーストは、例えば、導電性炭素材料と、高分子材料と、水および/または有機溶媒とを含む。カーボン層112の厚さは、例えば1~20μmであればよい。
(活性層)
活性層113は、導電性高分子を含む。活性層113を作製する際には、まず導電性高分子層を形成する。導電性高分子層は、例えば、カーボン層112を備える正極集電体111を、導電性高分子の原料を含む反応液に浸漬し、正極集電体111の存在下で原料を電解重合することにより形成される。導電性高分子層を形成する際に、正極集電体111をアノードとして電解重合を行うことにより、導電性高分子層は、カーボン層112の表面を覆うように形成される。なお、カーボン層112を形成しない場合には、正極集電体111を反応液に浸漬して電解重合を行うことで導電性高分子層が正極集電体111の表面を覆うように形成される。また、カーボン層以外の介在層を形成した後に、導電性高分子層を形成してもよい。
(負極)
負極12は、例えば負極集電体と負極材料層とを有する。
(セパレータ)
セパレータ13としては、セルロース繊維製の不織布、ガラス繊維製の不織布、ポリオレフィン製の微多孔膜、織布、不織布などが好ましく用いられる。セパレータ13の厚みは、例えば10~300μmであり、10~40μmが好ましい。
(非水電解液)
電極群10は、非水電解液を含むことが好ましい。
(製造方法)
以下、本発明の電気化学デバイス100の製造方法の一例について、図2および3を参照しながら説明する。ただし、本発明の電気化学デバイス100の製造方法はこれに限定されるものではない。
以下、実施例に基づいて、本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。
(実施例1)
(1)正極の作製
厚さ30μmのアルミニウム箔の両面に、カーボンブラックを含むカーボン層(厚さ2μm)が形成された積層体を準備した。一方、アニリンおよび硫酸を含むアニリン水溶液を準備した。
(2)負極の作製
厚さ20μmの銅箔を負極集電体として準備した。一方、ハードカーボン97質量部と、カルボキシセルロース1質量部と、スチレンブタジエンゴム2質量部とを混合した混合粉末と、水とを、質量比で40:60の割合で混錬した負極合剤ペーストを調製した。負極合剤ペーストを負極集電体の両面に塗布し、乾燥して、厚さ35μmの負極材料層を両面に有する負極を得た。次に、負極材料層に、プレドープ完了後の電解液中での負極電位が金属リチウムに対して0.2V以下となるように計算された分量の金属リチウム層を形成した。
(3)電極群の作製
正極と負極にそれぞれリードタブを接続した後、図3に示すように、セルロース製不織布のセパレータ(厚さ35μm)と、正極と、負極とを、それぞれ、交互に重ね合わせた積層体を巻回して、電極群を形成した。
(4)非水電解液の調製
プロピレンカーボネートとジメチルカーボネートとの体積比1:1の混合物に、ビニレンカーボネートを0.2質量%添加して、溶媒を調製した。得られた溶媒にリチウム塩としてLiPF6を所定濃度で溶解させて、アニオンとしてヘキサフルオロリン酸イオン(PF6 -)を有する非水電解液を調製した。
(5)電気化学デバイスの作製
開口を有する有底の容器に、電極群と非水電解液とを収容し、図2に示すような電気化学デバイスを組み立てた。その後、正極と負極との端子間に3.8Vの充電電圧を印加しながら25℃で24時間エージングし、リチウムイオンの負極へのプレドープを進行させた。得られた電気化学デバイスについて、以下の方法に従って評価した。評価結果をまとめて表1に示す。
(評価法)
(1)フロート特性
(1a)内部抵抗変化率ΔDCR
電気化学デバイスを3.8Vの電圧で充電した後、所定時間放電した際の電圧降下量から、初期の内部抵抗(初期DCR)を求めた。
(1b)容量変化率ΔC
電気化学デバイスを3.8Vの電圧で充電した後、2.5Vまで放電した際の放電容量(初期容量)を求めた。
(2)耐電圧性
20×20mmの評価用の正極を、他方の電極として金属リチウム箔を準備し、非水電解液中において、電極間に標準電極電位から50mV毎に電圧を印加し、1時間保持後の反応電流を測定した。そして、反応電流と活物質の質量から反応電流密度を求めた。
(実施例2)
還元剤としてシュウ酸をギ酸に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして電気化学デバイスを作製し、フロート特性および信頼性の評価を行なった。
(比較例1)
シュウ酸による還元に代えて、硫酸水溶液中において電気化学的に還元を行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして電気化学デバイスを作製し、評価を行なった。
11:正極
111:正極集電体
112:カーボン層
113:活性層
12:負極
13:セパレータ
14:巻止めテープ
100:電気化学デバイス
101:容器
102:封口体
103:座板
104A、104B:リード線
105A、105B:リードタブ
Claims (5)
- 正極集電体と、
前記正極集電体上に形成された導電性炭素材料を含むカーボン層と、
前記カーボン層上に形成された導電性高分子を含む活性層と、を備え、
前記導電性高分子は、ポリアニリン類を含み、
前記活性層は、赤外線吸収スペクトルにおいてアミド結合のカルボニル基に由来するピークを示し、
前記カルボニル基に由来するピークは、少なくとも1600cm -1 以上1700cm -1 以下の範囲に現れる、
電気化学デバイス用正極。 - 前記活性層は、還元作用を示すカルボニル基含有化合物またはその残渣を含む、
請求項1に記載の電気化学デバイス用正極。 - 前記カルボニル基含有化合物は、アルデヒド類、ギ酸、シュウ酸、没食子酸、およびアスコルビン酸類からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種である、
請求項2に記載の電気化学デバイス用正極。 - 前記カルボニル基含有化合物は、複数のカルボン酸を有する、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学デバイス用正極。 - 正極と、負極と、を具備し、
前記正極は、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の正極である、
電気化学デバイス。
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