JP7179078B2 - 流体の電解質電導度を検知する装置と方法 - Google Patents
流体の電解質電導度を検知する装置と方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
- G01N27/07—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/484—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring electrolyte level, electrolyte density or electrolyte conductivity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/32—Deferred-action cells activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
診断装置、装着可能装置)に適したものとなる。
酸化電極は、レドックス種、金属、合金、ポリマー酸化材料(例、アントラキノン(anthraquinone)、ビオロゲン(viologen))、TEMPO、カルシウム、鉄、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチュウム、カドミウム、銅、銀、マグネシウム、亜鉛、アルミの内のいずれか、から構成される。
還元電極は、レドックス種、金属、合金、ポリマー還元材料(例、空気呼吸カソード)、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、ベンゾキノン(benzoquinone)、TEMPO、銀、酸化銀,過酸銀、塩化銀、銅、塩化銅、マンガン、水銀、白金、金、炭素系の内のいずれか、から構成される。しかし、活性炭素、グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンペースト、ガラス状カーボンペースト、ガラス状カーボンの内のいずれかに基づく電極も含む。しかしこれらに限定されない。
他の実施例によれば、本発明の方法は、電池の応答を調整するステップを含む。このステップは、所定量の滴定材を、親水性材料、多孔質材料、又は空の容器に添加し、流体の特定のイオン又は分子の濃度を決定する。
酸化電極は、レドックス種、金属、合金、ポリマー酸化材料(例、アントラキノン(anthraquinone)、ビオロゲン(viologen))、TEMPO、カルシウム、鉄、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチュウム、カドミウム、銅、銀、マグネシウム、亜鉛、アルミの内のいずれか、から構成される。
還元電極は、レドックス種、金属、合金、ポリマー還元材料(例、空気呼吸カソード)、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、ベンゾキノン(benzoquinone)、TEMPO、銀、酸化銀,過酸銀、塩化銀、銅、塩化銅、マンガン、水銀、白金、金、炭素系の内のいずれか、から構成される。しかし、活性炭素、グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンペースト、ガラス状カーボンペースト、ガラス状カーボンの内のいずれかに基づく電極も含む。しかしこれらに限定されない。
CO(NH2)2+H++2H2O→2NH+ 4+HCO- 3
陽極:Mg(s)→Mg2+(aq)+2e-
陰極:AgCl(s)+e-→Ag+(s)+Cl-(aq)
全体:Mg(s)+2AgCl(s)→Mg2+(aq)+2Cl-(s)+2Ag(s)
2,3:電極
2:酸化電極
3:還元電極
4:膜
5:装置
10:流体
18:ハイブリッド印刷電子回路
19:エレクトロクロミネセンス表示装置
20:接着材
21:チャネル
22:マイクロプロセッサ
23:RFIDチップ
25:アンテナ
26:フロアバンド
31:眼
Claims (12)
- 流体の電解質電導度を検知する方法において、
(A)酸化電極(2)と還元電極(3)を有する電池(1)を用意するステップと、
前記酸化電極(2)と還元電極(3)は、離れて配置され、流体用微細空洞を提供する微細空洞提供手段(4)で接続され、
前記微細空洞提供手段(4)は、親水性材料、多孔質材料、空のレセプタクルのいずれか或いはそれらの組み合わせから構成され、
前記電池(1)は、検知対象である検知対象流体(10)の電解質電導度を決定するイオン荷電の分析物の存在に対してのみ感受性があり、前記検知対象流体(10)は、電池の電解質として機能するが燃料としては機能せず、
前記酸化電極(2)と還元電極(3)は、それぞれ自身を酸化又は還元する材料製であり、前記検知対象流体(10)を介して接続され、
前記電池(1)の内部抵抗は、前記検知対象流体(10)の電解質電導度に依存し、
前記電池(1)は、前記検知対象流体(10)を前記微細空洞提供手段(4)の流体用微細空洞に注入することにより、活性化され、
(B)前記検知対象流体(10)が毛細管現象により前記流体用微細空洞を充填する間に、前記電池(1)が電気エネルギを出力するステップと、
(C)少なくとも1つの機器(5)を前記電池(1)に接続するステップと
を有し、
前記機器(5)は、その等価インピーダンスが前記電池(1)を特定の動作点で動作させるよう、構成され、前記特定の動作点は、直流電流法又はDCモード法により、前記検知対象流体(10)の電解質電導度を決定し、
前記機器(5)は、前記電池(1)により供給される電気エネルギから、前記検知対象流体(10)の電解質電導度を測定し、その結果、前記検知対象流体(10)の電解質電導度が、前記電池(1)の性能から、推定される
ことを特徴とする流体の電解質電導度を検知する方法。 - (D)前記電池の応答を調整するステップを更に有し、
前記ステップ(D)は、下記のステップ(D1)~(D5)のいずれか1つ又は複数を実施することにより行われる
(D1)前記検知対象流体(10)に化学種を添加するステップと、
これにより、前記電池(1)が動作する電解質電導度の範囲をシフトし、
(D2)前記検知対象流体(10)に塩を添加するステップと、
これにより、前記検知対象流体(10)の電解質電導度を増加して選択された検知範囲を達成し、
(D3)前記検知対象流体(10)に、酵素、バクテリア、無機触媒のいずれかを添加するステップと、
前記ステップ(D3)は、前記酵素、バクテリア、無機触媒のいずれかを電池(1)又は前記微細空洞提供手段(4)へ添加する前に行われ、
これにより、前記酵素、バクテリア、無機触媒のいずれかが、前記検知対象流体(10)内に存在する特定の物質と反応し、前記電解質電導度の変化を引き起こし、
(D4)所定量の滴定剤を、前記微細空洞提供手段(4)に添加するステップと、
これより、前記検知対象流体(10)の特定のイオン濃度又は分子濃度を決定し、
(D5)イオン選択性膜を付加するステップ、
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。 - 流体の電解質電導度を検知する装置において、
酸化電極(2)と還元電極(3)を有する流体活性化電池(1)と、前記電池(1)に接続される少なくとも1つの機器(5)とを有し、
前記酸化電極(2)と還元電極(3)は、離れて配置され、検知対象流体(10)用の微細空洞を提供する微細空洞提供手段(4)で接続され、
前記電池(1)は、前記検知対象流体(10)が毛細管現象により前記微細空洞を充填する間、電気エネルギを提供し、
前記微細空洞提供手段(4)は、親水性材料、多孔質材料、空のレセプタクルのいずれか或いはそれらの組み合わせから構成され、
前記電池(1)は、イオン荷電の分析物の存在に対してのみ感受性があり、前記イオン荷電の分析物の存在が前記検知対象流体(10)の電解質電導度を決定し、前記検知対象流体(10)は電池電解質として機能するが燃料としては機能せず、
前記酸化電極(2)と還元電極(3)は、それぞれ自身を酸化又は還元する材料製であり、前記検知対象流体(10)を介して接続され、
前記電池(1)の内部抵抗は、前記検知対象流体(10)の電解質電導度に依存し、
前記機器(5)は、その等価インピーダンスが前記電池(1)を特定の動作点で動作するよう、構成され、前記特定の動作点は、直流電流法又はDCモード法により、前記検知対象流体(10)の電解質電導度を決定し、
前記機器(5)は、前記検知対象流体(10)の電解質電導度を測定し、その結果、前記検知対象流体(10)の電解質電導度を、前記電池(1)の性能から推定する
ことを特徴とする流体の電解質電導度を検知する装置。 - 前記電池(1)は、紙ベースの電池である
ことを特徴とする請求項3記載の装置。 - 前記検知対象流体(10)は、水系流体であり、前記水系流体は、淡水、河川水、飲料水、インク、生物流体、非水性液体のいずれかであり、前記生物流体は、サリバ(saliva)、尿、血液、精子、血漿、粘液、粘液、涙、便、汗のいずれかを含み、前記飲料水は、ジュース又はミルクを含み、前記非水性液体は、イオン性液体を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項3-4のいずれかに記載の装置。 - 前記機器(5)は、1つ或いは複数の電子モジュールを含み、この電子モジュールは、前記電池(1)の電力を管理する機能、前記電池(1)から得られた電気信号の制御・処理機能、電気通信機能のいずれかを実行する
ことを特徴とする請求項3-5のいずれかに記載の装置。 - 前記機器(5)は、メモリーと、通信ユニットと、インディケータの内の少なくとも1つを有し、前記メモリーは前記測定の結果を記憶し、前記通信ユニットは前記結果を外部装置に送信し、前記インディケータは、視覚又は聴覚による指示装置を含み、前記視覚又は聴覚による指示装置は、前記結果を指示するブザー、スクリーン、ディスプレイ、アラームのいずれかを含む
ことを特徴とする請求項6記載の装置。 - 前記機器(5)は、(a)前記電池(1)により提供される所定量の電気エネルギのみ(b)外部電源の電気エネルギのみ(c)前記電池(1)により提供される所定量の電気エネルギと前記外部電源からの所定量の電気エネルギを加えたものの内のいずれかにより、電力が供給されるよう構成される
ことを特徴とする請求項3記載の装置。 - 前記酸化電極(2)と還元電極(3)は、(a)並んだ状態(b)対向した状態(c)互いに入り込んだ状態、のいずれかの状態で配置される
ことを特徴とする請求項3-8のいずれかに記載の装置。 - 前記電池(1)を複数個有し、これらを直列接続して出力電圧を増加させる、又は並列接続して出力電流を増加させる
ことを特徴とする請求項3-9のいずれかに記載の装置。 - 前記微細空洞提供手段(4)は、酵素、バクテリア、無機触媒のいずれかを有し、前記検知対象流体(10)内に存在する特定の物質と反応し、前記検知対象流体(10)の電解質電導度の変化を引き起こす
ことを特徴とする請求項3,9,10のいずれかに記載の装置。 - 前記微細空洞提供手段(4)は、イオン選択性膜を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項3記載の装置。
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