JP7167299B2 - 硫黄-炭素複合体、この製造方法、これを含むリチウム二次電池用正極及びリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
硫黄-炭素複合体、この製造方法、これを含むリチウム二次電池用正極及びリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7167299B2 JP7167299B2 JP2021502687A JP2021502687A JP7167299B2 JP 7167299 B2 JP7167299 B2 JP 7167299B2 JP 2021502687 A JP2021502687 A JP 2021502687A JP 2021502687 A JP2021502687 A JP 2021502687A JP 7167299 B2 JP7167299 B2 JP 7167299B2
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- YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCCN1 YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002461 imidazolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical class CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007763 reverse roll coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004736 wide-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、多孔性炭素材;及び
前記多孔性炭素材の内部及び表面のうち、少なくとも一部に硫黄;を含む硫黄-炭素複合体であって、
前記硫黄-炭素複合体の比表面積は7ないし20m2/gで、気孔体積は0.1ないし0.3cm3/gである、硫黄-炭素複合体を提供する。
(b)前記官能基が取り除かれた多孔性炭素材を硫黄粉末と複合化して硫黄-炭素複合体を製造する段階;を含む硫黄-炭素複合体の製造方法を提供する。
前記正極は前記本発明の正極であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池を提供する。
本発明は、多孔性炭素材;及び
前記多孔性炭素材の内部及び表面のうち、少なくとも一部に硫黄;を含む硫黄-炭素複合体であって、
前記硫黄-炭素複合体の比表面積は7ないし20m2/gで、気孔体積は0.1ないし0.3cm3/gである、硫黄-炭素複合体に関する。
本発明は、硫黄-炭素複合体の製造方法に係り、
(a)官能基で表面改質された多孔性炭素材を熱処理して官能基を取り除く段階;
(b)前記官能基が取り除かれた多孔性炭素材を硫黄粉末と複合化して硫黄-炭素複合体を製造する段階;を含む。
また、本発明は、上述した本発明の硫黄-炭素複合体を含むリチウム二次電池用正極に関する。
また、本発明は、正極;負極;前記正極と負極の間に介在される分離膜;及び電解液を含むリチウム二次電池に係り、前記正極は上述した本発明のリチウム二次電池用正極である。
実施例1.
酸で処理されたカーボンナノチューブ(CNano、FT6120)10gをアルゴン雰囲気で1時間パージング(purging)した。その後、10℃/minの昇温速度で850℃まで昇温させた後、3時間熱処理して官能基が取り除かれたカーボンナノチューブを製造した。
カーボンナノチューブ(SUSN、HCNTS10)を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様に実施してカーボンナノチューブの内部(気孔)及び表面に硫黄が担持された硫黄-炭素複合体を製造した(図3及び図4)。
親水性官能基で表面改質されたカーボンナノチューブ(CNano、FT6120)及び硫黄を25:75の重量比で混合した後、155℃の温度で35分間反応させてカーボンナノチューブの内部(気孔)及び表面に硫黄が担持された硫黄-炭素複合体を製造した。
親水性官能基で表面改質されたカーボンナノチューブ(SUSN、HCNTS10)を使用したことを除いては、前記比較例1と同様に実施してカーボンナノチューブの内部(気孔)及び表面に硫黄が担持された硫黄-炭素複合体を製造した。
酸で処理されたカーボンナノチューブ(SUSN、HCNTS10)10gをアルゴン雰囲気で1時間パージング(purging)した。その後、10℃/minの昇温速度で2000℃まで昇温させた後、3時間熱処理して官能基が取り除かれたカーボンナノチューブを製造した。
前記実施例1、実施例2、比較例1及び比較例2のカーボンナノチューブの熱重量分析(Thermogravimetric Analyzer、TGA)を実施した。0℃から900℃まで昇温し、この時の重量減少率を測定してカーボンナノチューブの官能基除去可否を確認した。
前記実施例2、比較例2及び比較例3のカーボンナノチューブのラマン(Raman)分析を実施して前記カーボンナノチューブのD/G比率(ratio)を測定した。
前記実施例1、実施例2及び比較例1、比較例2で製造した硫黄-炭素複合体の比表面積及び気孔体積をBelsorp社の窒素吸着設備を利用して測定し、結果を下記表1に示す。
HANTECH社の粉体抵抗測定機を利用して前記実施例1、実施例2及び比較例1、比較例2で製造した硫黄-炭素複合体の電気伝導率を測定した。
前記実施例1、実施例2及び比較例1、比較例2で製造した硫黄-炭素複合体を正極活物質にしてそれぞれのリチウム-硫黄電池(コインセル)を製造した。
前記実施例1ないし2及び比較例1ないし2のリチウム-硫黄電池に対して、充・放電測定装置を用いて充・放電特性変化を試験した。得られた電池は、0.1C/0.1Cの充電/放電条件で初期容量を調べ、その結果を図12及び13に示す。
前記実施例1ないし2及び比較例1ないし2のリチウム-硫黄電池の寿命特性を評価した。
Claims (17)
- 多孔性炭素材;及び
前記多孔性炭素材の内部及び表面に担持された硫黄;を含む硫黄-炭素複合体であって、
前記硫黄-炭素複合体の比表面積は7ないし20m2/gで、気孔体積は0.1ないし0.3cm3/gであり、
前記多孔性炭素材が、カーボンナノチューブである、硫黄-炭素複合体。 - 前記多孔性炭素材は、その表面上に親水性官能基を有さないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の硫黄-炭素複合体。
- 前記多孔性炭素材の熱重量分析結果、0℃から900℃まで昇温した時の重量減少率が1%以下で、ラマン測定時のD/Gの比率が0.8ないし1.5であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の硫黄-炭素複合体。
- 前記硫黄-炭素複合体は、多孔性炭素材及び硫黄を1:1ないし1:9の重量比で含んでいることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の硫黄-炭素複合体。
- 前記硫黄-炭素複合体の直径は0.1ないし20μmであることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の硫黄-炭素複合体。
- (a)官能基で表面改質された多孔性炭素材を熱処理して官能基を取り除く段階;
(b)前記官能基が取り除かれた多孔性炭素材を硫黄粉末と複合化して硫黄-炭素複合体を製造する段階;を含み、
前記多孔性炭素材が、カーボンナノチューブであり、
前記官能基が、親水性官能基であり、
前記官能基が取り除かれた多孔性炭素材は、ラマン測定時のD/Gの比率が0.8ないし1.5である、硫黄-炭素複合体の製造方法。 - 前記(a)段階の熱処理は、5ないし20℃/minの速度で500ないし1000℃まで昇温させた後、1ないし5時間行うことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の硫黄-炭素複合体の製造方法。
- 前記(a)段階の官能基はヒドロキシ基またはカルボキシ基であることを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の硫黄-炭素複合体の製造方法。
- 前記官能基で表面改質された多孔性炭素材は、多孔性炭素材を酸で処理して製造されたことを特徴とする請求項6から8のいずれか一項に記載の硫黄-炭素複合体の製造方法。
- 前記酸は、硝酸、硫酸及びこれらの混合溶液から選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の硫黄-炭素複合体の製造方法。
- 前記官能基が取り除かれた多孔性炭素材の熱重量分析結果、0℃から900℃まで昇温した時の重量減少率が1%以下であることを特徴とする請求項6から10のいずれか一項に記載の硫黄-炭素複合体の製造方法。
- 前記硫黄-炭素複合体の比表面積は7ないし20m2/gであることを特徴とする請求項6から11のいずれか一項に記載の硫黄-炭素複合体の製造方法。
- 前記硫黄-炭素複合体の気孔体積は0.1ないし0.3cm3/gであることを特徴とする請求項6から12のいずれか一項に記載の硫黄-炭素複合体の製造方法。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の硫黄-炭素複合体を含むリチウム二次電池用正極。
- 前記リチウム二次電池用正極はリチウム-硫黄電池用正極であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極。
- 正極;負極;前記正極と負極の間に介在される分離膜;及び電解液を含むリチウム二次電池であって、
前記正極は請求項14または15に記載の正極であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。 - 前記リチウム二次電池はリチウム-硫黄電池であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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