JP7130491B2 - 有機化合物、有機発光素子、表示装置、撮像装置、電子機器、照明装置及び移動体 - Google Patents
有機化合物、有機発光素子、表示装置、撮像装置、電子機器、照明装置及び移動体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7130491B2 JP7130491B2 JP2018152006A JP2018152006A JP7130491B2 JP 7130491 B2 JP7130491 B2 JP 7130491B2 JP 2018152006 A JP2018152006 A JP 2018152006A JP 2018152006 A JP2018152006 A JP 2018152006A JP 7130491 B2 JP7130491 B2 JP 7130491B2
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Images
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- C07D215/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms having only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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Description
(a)アセナフテンキノン誘導体(D1)及び(D4)
(b)ジベンジルケトン誘導体(D2)及び(D5)
(c)ナフタレンアントラニル酸誘導体(D3)
(d)ベンゼンアントラニル酸誘導体(D6)
ここで上記(a)乃至(d)に示される化合物に適宜置換基を設けることにより、一般式[1]で表される所望の有機化合物を得ることができる。
(1)基本骨格自体の発光波長が長波長赤色領域である
(2)基本骨格の構造は炭化水素のみからなる元素から構成される
(3)遷移双極子モーメントが高いため、量子収率が高い
以下、これらの特徴について説明する。
本発明者らは、一般式[1]で表される有機化合物を創出するにあたり、基本骨格それ自体に注目した。具体的には、基本骨格に起因する発光の波長が所望の波長領域となるよう分子設計した。
本実施形態に係る一般式[1]で表される化合物は基本骨格が炭化水素のみから構成される。また、置換基も炭化水素のみの置換基が好ましい。発光波長を長波長化する手段として、電子供与性の効果を利用して化合物の発光波長を長波長化する手段として分子構造内にアミノ基等を結合する手段がある。しかし、アミノ基のように結合エネルギーの小さい不安定な結合を有する化合物は、有機EL素子を構成する発光材料に用いた場合、素子駆動時に化合物の駆動劣化が起こりやすく、有機EL素子の耐久寿命に悪影響を及ぼす可能性が高い。
本発明者らは、長波長化のために基本骨格を拡張するにあたり、ベンゼン環の縮合位置に着目した。特許文献1に記載の比較化合物1-Aに対して長波長化する際、ベンゼンの縮合位置は様々な位置が考えられる。中でも、例示化合物A3のように、分子軸に対して一番長い方向にベンゼンを縮合化すると長波長化の効果が大きく、量子収率に影響する振動子強度が高いことが分かった。
(4)R8、R13、R14、R19、R20のいずれかに嵩高い置換基を有する
(5)分子平面を覆うような置換基を有する
本実施形態に係る有機化合物は、基本骨格に置換基をさらに設けることで分子間の重なりによる分子自体の結晶性を抑えることが可能である。結晶性を抑えるということは、分子間の濃度消光の抑制や昇華性の向上につながる。
本実施形態において、置換基がアルキル基の場合、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基などが好ましく、特に立体的に大きいイソプロピル基やターシャリブチル基が好ましい。アリール基の場合、フェニル基、ナフチル基等のアリール基が好ましく、分子量が小さいフェニル基は昇華性の観点さらに好ましく、メチル基、イソプロピル基、ターシャリブチル基といった置換基を有するフェニル基のようなアリール基が特に好ましい。また、ハロゲン置換アリール基もこの点で好ましい。置換されるハロゲンはフッ素原子であることが好ましい。
有機発光素子は、基板の上に、陽極、有機化合物層、陰極を形成して設けられる。陰極の上には、保護層、カラーフィルタ等を設けてよい。カラーフィルタを設ける場合は、平坦化層を設けておくと好ましい。
本実施形態に係る有機発光素子は、表示装置や照明装置の構成部材として用いることができる。他にも、電子写真方式の画像形成装置の露光光源や液晶表示装置のバックライト、白色光源にカラーフィルタを有する発光装置等の用途がある。
化合物E6の合成
以下のスキームにより化合物E6を合成した。
化合物E3:4.1g(9.5mmol)
化合物E4:2.1g(11.0mmol)
亜硝酸イソアミル:1.3g(11.0mmol)
トルエン:100ml
この反応溶液を窒素下、撹拌しながら95℃で3時間加熱した。反応終了後、溶媒を減圧留去して、生じた固体をシリカゲルカラム(クロロホルム:へプタン=1:3)により精製し、E6を4.2g(収率82%)得た。
本実施形態に記載の合成スキームの通り、化合物E13を合成した。具体的には、下記のスキームに従って合成を行った。
化合物E13:2.4g(5.0mmol)
ビスピナコラトボラン:1.3g(5.0mmol)
[1,1’-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェロセン]パラジウム(II)ジクロリドジクロロメタン付加物:0.33g(0.41mmol)
酢酸カリウム:1.3g(13.0mmol)
1,4-ジオキサン:50ml
この反応溶液を窒素下、撹拌しながら5時間加熱還流した。反応終了後、溶媒を減圧留去して、生じた固体をシリカゲルカラム(クロロホルム:へプタン=2:1)により精製し、E14を1.8g(収率70%)得た。
以下のスキームにより化合物E14を合成した。
化合物E13:2.4g(5.0mmol)
ビスピナコラトボラン:1.3g(5.0mmol)
[1,1’-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェロセン]パラジウム(II)ジクロリドジクロロメタン付加物:0.33g(0.41mmol)
酢酸カリウム:1.3g(13.0mmol)
1,4-ジオキサン:50ml
この反応溶液を窒素下、撹拌しながら5時間加熱還流した。反応終了後、溶媒を減圧留去して、生じた固体をシリカゲルカラム(クロロホルム:へプタン=2:1)により精製し、E14を1.8g(収率70%)得た。
以下のスキームにより例示化合物A3を合成した。
化合物E6:1.6g(3mmol)
化合物E14:1.6g(3mmol)
Pd(PPh3)4:0.6g
トルエン:100ml
エタノール:10ml
2M―炭酸ナトリウム水溶液:30ml
次に、反応溶液を、窒素気流下で80℃に加熱しこの温度(80℃)で8時間攪拌を行った。反応終了後、エタノールを加えて結晶を析出させた後に結晶をろ別し、水、エタノール、ヘプタンで順次分散洗浄を行った。次に、得られた結晶をクロロベンゼンに加熱溶解した後、熱時ろ過をした後に再結晶を行うことにより、赤色の化合物E15を1.9g(収率:75%)得た。
化合物E15:1.7g(2mmol)
トリフルオロ酢酸:20ml
塩化メチレン:150ml
次に、水浴下において、下記試薬を反応容器内に入れた。
BF3・OEt:4ml
次に、反応溶液を10分ほど撹拌した後、DDQ1.0g(2,3-ジクロロ-5,6-ジシアノ-p-ベンゾキノン)を入れた。次に、反応溶液を10分攪拌した後に、20度の水浴下でフェロセン1.0gを入れた。5分ほど撹拌したのち、メタノール150mlを加えた。このときに生じた赤色沈殿をろ過することで、赤色の固体を得た。次に、この固体をクロロベンゼンに溶解させ、ヘプタンで再結晶を行うことにより、黒赤色結晶のA3を1.1g(収率:65%)得た。
実測値:m/z=853 計算値:C58H30=853
以下の表6に示す例示化合物について、実施例1の原料E2、E4、E8を原料1、原料2、原料3に変えた他は実施例1と同様にして例示化合物を合成した。また、実施例1と同様にして測定した質量分析結果の実測値:m/zを示す。
本実施例では、表7に示す構成として、基板上に、陽極、正孔注入層(HIL)、正孔輸送層(HTL)、電子ブロッキング層(EBL)、発光層(EML)、正孔ブロッキング層(HBL)、電子輸送層(ETL)、電子注入層(EIL)、陰極が順次形成されたボトムエミッション型構造の有機EL素子を作製した。
ホスト:ゲスト=99.7:0.3
である。
得られた素子について、素子の特性を測定・評価した。発光素子の最大発光波長は615nmであり、色度は(X,Y)=(0.68,0.32)の赤色発光を得られた。測定装置は、具体的には電流電圧特性をヒューレッドパッカード社製・微小電流計4140Bで測定し、発光輝度は、トプコン社製BM7で測定した。さらに、電流密度100mA/cm2での連続駆動試験を行い、輝度劣化率が5%に達した時の時間を測定したところ、500時間を越えた。
実施例14における各層の材料を下記表8に示される化合物に変更する以外は、実施例14と同様の方法により有機発光素子を作製した。得られた素子について実施例14と同様に素子の特性を測定・評価した。測定の結果を表8に示す。
本実施例では、表9に示す構成として、基板上に陽極、正孔注入層(HIL)、正孔輸送層(HTL)、電子ブロッキング層(EBL)、第一発光層(1st EML)、第二発光層(2nd EML)、正孔ブロッキング層(HBL)、電子輸送層(ETL)、電子注入層(EIL)、陰極が順次形成されたトップエミッション型構造の有機発光素子を作製した。
第一ホスト:第一ゲスト:第三ゲスト=96.7:0.3:3.0
である。
第二ホスト:第二ゲスト=99.4:0.6
である。
Ag:Mg=1:1
である。 ガラス基板上に、スパッタリング法でTiを40nm成膜し、フォトリソグラフィ技術を用いてパターニングし、陽極を形成した。尚、この時、対向する電極(金属電極層、陰極)の電極面積が3mm2となるようにした。
実施例22における各層の材料を表10に示される化合物に変更する以外は、実施例22と同様の方法により有機発光素子を作製した。得られた素子について実施例22と同様に素子の特性を測定・評価した。測定の結果を表10に示す。
11 基板
12 防湿膜
13 ゲート電極
14 ゲート絶縁膜
15 半導体層
16 ドレイン電極
17 ソース電極
18 TFT
19 絶縁膜
20 コンタクトホール
21 陽極
22 有機化合物層
23 陰極
24 第一保護層
25 第二保護層
1000 表示装置
1001 上部カバー
1002 フレキシブルプリント回路
1003 タッチパネル
1004 フレキシブルプリント回路
1005 表示パネル
1006 フレーム
1007 回路基板
1008 バッテリー
1009 下部カバー
1100 撮像装置
1101 ビューファインダ
1102 背面ディスプレイ
1103 操作部
1104 筐体
1200 携帯機器
1201 表示部
1202 操作部
1203 筐体
1300 表示装置
1301 額縁
1302 表示部
1303 土台
1310 表示装置
1311 第一表示部
1312 第二表示部
1313 筐体
1314 屈曲点
1500 自動車
1501 テールランプ
1502 窓
1503 車体
Claims (18)
- 下記一般式(1)で表されることを特徴とする有機化合物。
式(1)において、R1乃至R24は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換あるいは無置換のアルキル基、置換あるいは無置換のアルコキシ基、置換あるいは無置換のアミノ基、置換あるいは無置換のアリール基、置換あるいは無置換の複素環基、置換あるいは無置換のアリールオキシ基、シリル基及びシアノ基からそれぞれ独立に選ばれる。前記アルキル基、前記アルコキシ基、前記アミノ基、前記アリール基、前記複素環基、前記アリールオキシ基が置換基を有する場合、当該置換基は、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アリール基、複素環基、アミノ基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基からそれぞれ独立して選択される。 - 一般式[1]において、R 1 乃至R 24 が水素原子又は前記アリール基であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機化合物。
- 一般式[1]において、R1乃至R24の少なくともいずれかがフェニル基であり、前記フェニル基は、そのオルト位にメチル基またはフェニル基を有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機化合物。
- 一般式[1]において、R13、R14、R19、R20の少なくとも2つが、前記アリール基であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の有機化合物。
- 一般式[1]において、R13及びR14の少なくとも1つ、R19及びR20の少なくとも1つ、さらにR8が、前記アリール基であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の有機化合物。
- 一般式[1]において、R13、R14、R19、R20の少なくとも2つがフェニル基であり、前記フェニル基は少なくともオルト位に置換基を有し、前記置換基は、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アリール基、複素環基、シアノ基から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の有機化合物。
- 前記R13及びR14の少なくとも1つ、R19及びR20の少なくとも1つがフェニル基であり、前記フェニル基は少なくともオルト位に置換基を有し、前記置換基は、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アリール基、複素環基、シアノ基から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の有機化合物。
- 一対の電極と、前記一対の電極の間に配置されている有機化合物層と、を有する有機発光素子であって、
前記有機化合物層は、請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の有機化合物を有することを特徴とする有機発光素子。 - 前記有機化合物層の少なくとも一層が発光層であることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の有機発光素子。
- 赤色発光することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の有機発光素子。
- 前記発光層と積層して配置される別の発光層を更に有し、前記別の発光層は前記発光層が発する発光色とは異なる色を発光することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の有機発光素子。
- 白色発光することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の有機発光素子。
- 複数の画素を有し、前記複数の画素が、請求項8乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の有機発光素子と、前記有機発光素子に接続されたトランジスタと、を有することを特徴とする表示装置。
- 前記画素の光出射側にカラーフィルタを有することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の表示装置。
- 複数のレンズを有する光学部と、前記光学部を通過した光を受光する撮像素子と、画像を表示する表示部と、を有し、
前記表示部は、前記撮像素子が撮像した画像を表示する表示部であり、前記表示部は請求項8乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の有機発光素子を有することを特徴とする撮像装置。 - 筐体と、外部と通信する通信部と、表示部とを有し、
前記表示部は請求項8乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の有機発光素子を有することを特徴とする電子機器。 - 光源と、光拡散部または光学フィルムと、を有する照明装置であって、
前記光源は、請求項8乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の有機発光素子を有することを特徴とする照明装置。 - 機体と、前記機体に設けられている灯具を有し、
前記灯具は、請求項8乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の有機発光素子を有することを特徴とする移動体。
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