JP7108408B2 - カーボンナノチューブを含有する酸素消費電極およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
カーボンナノチューブを含有する酸素消費電極およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7108408B2 JP7108408B2 JP2017513479A JP2017513479A JP7108408B2 JP 7108408 B2 JP7108408 B2 JP 7108408B2 JP 2017513479 A JP2017513479 A JP 2017513479A JP 2017513479 A JP2017513479 A JP 2017513479A JP 7108408 B2 JP7108408 B2 JP 7108408B2
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Classifications
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
- B01J21/185—Carbon nanotubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/042—Electrodes formed of a single material
- C25B11/043—Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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Description
[実施例1]
以下に電極の製造について説明する。
電極の製造は、実施例1に記載の通りに実行したが、CNTの代わりにCabot製のVulcanカーボンブラック グレードXC72Rを使用した。
窒素変性カーボンナノチューブNCNTは、流動床反応器(直径100mm)に導入された、国際公開第2007/093337号パンフレット(実施例1、触媒1)に記載の触媒を用いて製造した。60gの触媒および200gのNCNT(先行試験から)を最初に反応器中に導入し、そして30分間、27リットル/分の水素および3リットル/分の窒素流中で750℃において還元し、その後、水素流を停止し、窒素流を21.5リットル/分まで増加させ、そして同時に30g/分の供給速度でピリジンの導入を開始し、そして同様に750℃で30分間に継続した。冷却後、5.1重量%の窒素含有量を有する約400gのNCNTが得られた。さらなるNCNT材料を同様に製造し、そして少なくとも2個のNCNT製造バッチの混合物をその後製造し、次いで電極製造に使用した。
本実施例に関して、実施例4で使用された材料は、流動床製造からの触媒の残渣含有物を除去するために特別にクリーニングされたという点で異なるが、実施例1のCNT材料と同様の方法で製造したCNT材料を用いた。精製されたCNT材料は、0.02重量%のCNT触媒(CoおよびMn)の残渣含有量を有した。使用されたCNTは、0.15重量%のN含有量を有した。実験室セル試験において、ODCは16日間以上、2.18Vの平均セル電圧を示し、したがって、セル電圧は、未精製CNT材料(実施例1)から製造されたODEのセル電圧より20mV低かった。
Claims (27)
- 酸素還元用のガス拡散電極の製造方法であって、前記ガス拡散電極が、少なくとも1枚のシート様導電性支持体要素と、前記支持体要素に適用され電気触媒を含むガス拡散層とを有し、前記ガス拡散層が、カーボンナノチューブとフルオロポリマーとの混合物によって形成されること、およびカーボンナノチューブとフルオロポリマーとの混合物が粉末形態で前記支持体要素に適用され、かつ圧縮され、前記カーボンナノチューブが前記電気触媒を形成し、かつ前記カーボンナノチューブにおいて化学結合した窒素の形態の窒素を0.5重量%未満の割合で含むことを特徴とする、方法。
- 前記フルオロポリマーがPTFEであること特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが凝集体の形態で使用され、前記凝集体の少なくとも95体積%が、30μm~5000μmの範囲の外径を有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが凝集体の形態で使用され、前記凝集体の少なくとも95体積%が、50μm~3000μmの範囲の外径を有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記フルオロポリマーが、100μm~1mmの凝集形態での平均粒径d50を有することを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記フルオロポリマーが、150μm~0.8mmの凝集形態での平均粒径d50を有することを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- カーボンナノチューブとフルオロポリマーとの前記混合物が、乾燥混合によって製造されることを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブとフルオロポリマーとの前記混合物が、1~70重量%のPTFEと99~30重量%のカーボンナノチューブとを含有することを特徴とする、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブとフルオロポリマーとの前記混合物が、10~65重量%のPTFEと90~35重量%のカーボンナノチューブとを含有することを特徴とする、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記支持体要素が、カーボンファイバー、ニッケル、銀、または貴金属によってコーティングされたニッケルからなることを特徴とする、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記貴金属が、銀、金および白金の群から1種またはそれ以上選択されることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 酸素還元用のガス拡散電極であって、前記ガス拡散電極が、少なくとも1枚のシート様導電性支持体要素と、前記支持体要素に適用され電気触媒を含むガス拡散層とを有し、前記ガス拡散層が、カーボンナノチューブにおいて化学結合した窒素の形態の窒素を0.5重量%未満の割合で含むカーボンナノチューブとPTFEとの混合物からなり、前記カーボンナノチューブおよびPTFEが前記支持体要素に圧縮された圧縮粉末形態で存在し、かつ前記カーボンナノチューブが前記電気触媒を形成することを特徴とする、ガス拡散電極。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブとPTFEとの前記混合物が、1~70重量%のPTFEと99~30重量%のカーボンナノチューブとを含有することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブとPTFEとの前記混合物が、10~65重量%のPTFEと90~35重量%のカーボンナノチューブとを含有することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記電極が、0.1~3mmの厚さを有することを特徴とする、請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記ガス拡散層が、前記支持体要素の表面に、片側または両側で適用されることを特徴とする、請求項12~15のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記ガス拡散層が、前記支持体要素の表面に、片側で適用されることを特徴とする、請求項12~15のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが、1重量%未満の、前記カーボンナノチューブを製造するために使用された触媒の触媒残渣の含有量を有することを特徴とする、請求項12~17のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブを製造するために使用された前記触媒の触媒残渣がマンガンおよび/または鉄および/またはコバルトであることを特徴とする、請求項18に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブを製造するために使用された前記触媒の触媒残渣の含有量が0.5重量%未満であることを特徴とする、請求項18または19に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 支持体要素に圧縮された圧縮粉末形態で存在するカーボンナノチューブおよびPTF Eが凝集体として存在し、前記凝集体の少なくとも95体積%が、30μm~5000μmの範囲の外径を有することを特徴とする、請求項12~20のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 支持体要素に圧縮された圧縮粉末形態で存在するカーボンナノチューブおよびPTFE が凝集体として存在し、前記凝集体の少なくとも95体積%が、50μm~3000μmの範囲の外径を有することを特徴とする、請求項12~20のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブに化学結合した窒素の形態の窒素の割合が、0.3重量%未満であることを特徴とする、請求項12~22のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 電気分解における酸素脱分極カソードとしての請求項12~23のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極の使用。
- 前記電気分解がクロルアルカリ電気分解であることを特徴とする、請求項24に記載のガス拡散電極の使用。
- 酸素脱分極カソードとして、請求項12~23のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極を含んでいる、電気分解装置。
- 前記電気分解装置が、クロルアルカリ電気分解用であることを特徴とする、請求項26に記載の電気分解装置。
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