JP7101217B2 - 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
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- JP7101217B2 JP7101217B2 JP2020146043A JP2020146043A JP7101217B2 JP 7101217 B2 JP7101217 B2 JP 7101217B2 JP 2020146043 A JP2020146043 A JP 2020146043A JP 2020146043 A JP2020146043 A JP 2020146043A JP 7101217 B2 JP7101217 B2 JP 7101217B2
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- interlayer film
- thickness
- laminated glass
- layer
- wedge
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Images
Classifications
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- B32B3/263—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer having non-uniform thickness
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- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
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- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
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- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/007—Sunglare reduction by coatings, interposed foils in laminar windows, or permanent screens
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- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2031/00—Use of polyvinylesters or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2031/04—Polymers of vinyl acetate, e.g. PVAc, i.e. polyvinyl acetate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/538—Roughness
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- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
- B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
- B32B2309/105—Thickness
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- B32B2315/08—Glass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
- B60K2360/20—Optical features of instruments
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- B60K2360/347—Optical elements for superposition of display information
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Instrument Panels (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
本発明に係る中間膜(各層)に含まれている熱可塑性樹脂は特に限定されない。上記熱可塑性樹脂として、従来公知の熱可塑性樹脂を用いることが可能である。上記熱可塑性樹脂は1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
中間膜の接着力をより一層高める観点からは、本発明に係る中間膜(各層)は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。中間膜に含まれている熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂である場合に、中間膜(各層)は、可塑剤を含むことが特に好ましい。ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を含む層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。
上記中間膜は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記遮熱性化合物は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、フタロシアニン化合物、ナフタロシアニン化合物及びアントラシアニン化合物の内の少なくとも1種の成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、上記成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、上記成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、上記成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記成分Xは遮熱性化合物である。上記成分Xは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、上記遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、上記遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、上記遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記遮熱粒子は遮熱性化合物である。遮熱粒子の使用により、赤外線(熱線)を効果的に遮断できる。上記遮熱粒子は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩及びマグネシウム塩の内の少なくとも1種の金属塩(以下、金属塩Mと記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。上記金属塩Mの使用により、中間膜とガラス板などの合わせガラス部材との接着性又は中間膜における各層間の接着性を制御することが容易になる。上記金属塩Mは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。紫外線遮蔽剤の使用により、中間膜及び合わせガラスが長期間使用されても、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記紫外線遮蔽剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記酸化防止剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記第1の層、上記第2の層及び上記第3の層はそれぞれ、必要に応じて、カップリング剤、分散剤、界面活性剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、顔料、染料、金属塩以外の接着力調整剤、耐湿剤、蛍光増白剤及び赤外線吸収剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
図13に、本発明の一実施形態に係る合わせガラス用中間膜を用いた合わせガラスの一例を断面図で示す。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を適宜用いた。用いたポリビニルアセタール樹脂では全て、アセタール化に、炭素数4のn-ブチルアルデヒドが用いられている。
3GO(トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート)
Tinuvin326(2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-t-ブチル-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)
BHT(2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール)
酢酸マグネシウムと2-エチル酪酸マグネシウムとの混合物(重量比にて1:1)
中間膜を形成するための樹脂組成物の作製:
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(PVB樹脂、平均重合度1700、水酸基量30.5モル%、アセタール化度68.5モル%、アセチル基量1モル%)100重量部に対して、可塑剤(3GO)40重量部と、紫外線遮蔽剤(Tinuvin326)0.2重量部と、酸化防止剤(BHT)0.2重量部と、接着力調整剤(酢酸マグネシウムと2-エチル酪酸マグネシウムとの混合物(重量比にて1:1))を得られる中間膜中でのMgの含有量が50ppmとなる量とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、中間膜を形成するための樹脂組成物を得た。
得られた樹脂組成物を、押出機を用いて押出することにより、厚み方向の断面形状が楔状であるエンボス加工前の中間膜を得た。なお、中間膜のTD方向の幅をXとしたとき、Xは1333mmであった。
得られた中間膜を、縦方向及び横方向における中央部分を取り出すように、(TD方向1333mm×MD方向600mm)の大きさに切断した。次に、クリアガラス(縦1333mm×横600mm×厚さ2.5mm)2枚の間に、中間膜を挟み込み、積層体を得た。この積層体をゴムバック内に入れ、2.6kPaの真空度で20分間脱気した後、脱気したままオーブン内に移し、更に90℃で30分間保持して真空プレスし、積層体を予備圧着した。オートクレーブ中で135℃及び圧力1.2MPaの条件で、予備圧着された積層体を20分間圧着し、合わせガラスを得た。
第1の層を形成するための樹脂組成物の作製:
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(PVB樹脂、平均重合度3000、水酸基量22モル%、アセタール化度65モル%、アセチル基量13モル%)100重量部に対して、可塑剤(3GO)60重量部と、紫外線遮蔽剤(Tinuvin326)0.2重量部と、酸化防止剤(BHT)0.2重量部とを混合し、第1の層を形成するための樹脂組成物を得た。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(PVB樹脂、平均重合度1700、水酸基量30.6モル%、アセタール化度68.5モル%、アセチル基量0.9モル%)100重量部に対して、可塑剤(3GO)40重量部と、紫外線遮蔽剤(Tinuvin326)0.2重量部と、酸化防止剤(BHT)0.2重量部と、接着力調整剤(酢酸マグネシウムと2-エチル酪酸マグネシウムの混合物(重量比にて1:1))を得られる中間膜中でのMgの含有量が50ppmとなる量とを混合し、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための樹脂組成物を得た。
第1の層を形成するための樹脂組成物と、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための樹脂組成物とを、共押出機を用いて共押出しすることにより、第2の層(平均厚み600μm)/第1の層(平均厚み150μm)/第3の層(平均厚み450μm)の積層構造を有し、厚み方向の断面形状が楔状であるエンボス加工前の中間膜を得た。なお、中間膜のTD方向の幅をXとしたとき、Xは1270mmであった。
得られた中間膜を、縦方向及び横方向における中央部分を取り出すように、(TD方向1270mm×MD方向600mm)の大きさに切断した。次に、クリアガラス(縦1270mm×横600mm×厚さ2.5mm)2枚の間に、中間膜を挟み込み、積層体を得た。この積層体をゴムバック内に入れ、2.6kPaの真空度で20分間脱気した後、脱気したままオーブン内に移し、更に90℃で30分間保持して真空プレスし、積層体を予備圧着した。オートクレーブ中で135℃及び圧力1.2MPaの条件で、予備圧着された積層体を20分間圧着し、合わせガラスを得た。
実施例3では、実施例1と同様に、得られたエンボス加工前の中間膜に対して、2つのエンボスロールのうちの一方を傾けて、2つのエンボスロールの間隔を、中間膜の一端側において狭くし、中間膜の他端側において広くした。傾けたエンボスロールの相手側ロールを柔軟な合金に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、中間膜を得た。得られた中間膜を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを得た。
実施例4では、実施例2と同様に、得られたエンボス加工前の中間膜に対して、2つのエンボスロールのうちの一方を傾けて、2つのエンボスロールの間隔を、中間膜の一端側において狭くし、中間膜の他端側において広くした。傾けたエンボスロールの相手側ロールを柔軟な合金に変更したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして、中間膜を得た。得られた中間膜を用いたこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、合わせガラスを得た。
実施例5,6では、実施例2と同様に、得られたエンボス加工前の中間膜に対して、2つのエンボスロールのうちの一方を傾けて、2つのエンボスロールの間隔を、中間膜の一端側において狭くし、中間膜の他端側において広くした。エンボスロールの傾斜角度及びエンボスロールの押圧力を変更したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして、中間膜を得た。得られた中間膜を用いたこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、合わせガラスを得た。
中間膜の作製:
実施例2と同様の樹脂組成物を、金型の種類を変更し、押出機を用いて押出することにより、第2の層(平均厚み500μm)/第1の層(平均厚み200μm)/第3の層(平均厚み500μm)の積層構造を有し、厚み方向の断面形状が楔状であるエンボス加工前の中間膜を得た。
得られた中間膜を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを得た。
比較例1では、実施例2で得られたエンボス加工前の中間膜に対して、2つのエンボスロールのうちの一方を傾けて、2つのエンボスロールの間隔を、中間膜の一端側において狭くし、中間膜の他端側において広くした。傾けたエンボスロールの傾斜角度を実施例2よりも小さくし、エンボスロールの押圧力を変更したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして、中間膜を得た。得られた中間膜を用いたこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、合わせガラスを得た。
比較例2では、実施例1で得られたエンボス加工前の中間膜に対して、2つのエンボスロールのうちの一方を傾けて、2つのエンボスロールの間隔を、中間膜の一端側において狭くし、中間膜の他端側において広くした。傾けたエンボスロールの傾斜角度を実施例1よりも小さくし、エンボスロールの押圧力を変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、中間膜を得た。得られた中間膜を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを得た。
比較例3では、実施例1で得られたエンボス加工前の中間膜に対して、2つのエンボスロールのうちの一方を傾けて、2つのエンボスロールの間隔を、中間膜の一端側において狭くし、中間膜の他端側において広くした。傾けたエンボスロールの表面の材質を金属に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、中間膜を得た。得られた中間膜を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを得た。
比較例4では、実施例2で得られたエンボス加工前の中間膜に対して、2つのエンボスロールのうちの一方を傾けて、2つのエンボスロールの間隔を、中間膜の一端側において狭くし、中間膜の他端側において広くした。傾けたエンボスロールの表面の材質を金属に変更したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして、中間膜を得た。得られた中間膜を用いたこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、合わせガラスを得た。
(1)十点平均粗さRz
JIS B 0601(1994)に準じる方法により、得られた中間膜において、一端から他端にかけて厚みの増加量が大きくなる部分(一端から他端にかけて楔角θ’が大きくなる部分)の中央の位置において、十点平均粗さRzを測定した。さらに、得られた中間膜において、一端から他端にかけて厚みの増加量が小さくなる部分(一端から他端にかけて楔角θ’が小さくなる部分)の中央の位置において、十点平均粗さRzを測定した。測定条件は、カットオフ値=2.5mm、基準長さ=2.5mm、評価長さ=12.5mm、触針の先端半径=2μm、先端角度=60°、測定速度=0.5mm/sの条件であり、測定時の環境は23℃及び30RH%下とした。
得られた合わせガラスにおいて、気泡が残存しているか否かを評価した。気泡の残存の有無を以下の基準で判定した。
○:気泡が残存していない
△:気泡が残存しているが、気泡の最大径が50μm未満
×:気泡が残存しており、気泡の最大径が50μm以上
上記(2)合わせガラスの気泡の残存の有無の評価後に、得られた合わせガラスを気泡が成長しやすい130℃の条件に2時間放置した。放置後に、気泡が残存しているか否かを評価した。気泡の残存の有無を以下の基準で判定した。
○:気泡が残存していない
△1:気泡がわずかに残存しているが、気泡の最大径が25μm未満
△2:気泡が残存しているが、気泡の最大径が25μm以上、50μm未満
×:気泡が残存しており、気泡の最大径が50μm以上
合わせガラスをフロントガラスの位置に設置した。合わせガラスの下方に設置した表示ユニットから表示情報を合わせガラスに反射させ、所定の位置で二重像の有無を目視で確認した。二重像を下記の基準で判定した。
○:二重像が確認されない
×:二重像が確認される
2,2B,2C,2D,2E,2F,2G,2J,2K…第2の層
2Fa…厚み方向の断面形状が矩形である部分
2Fb…厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である領域
2Ga…厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である部分
2Gb…厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である領域
3,3B,3C,3D,3J,3K…第3の層
11,11A,11B,11C,11D,11E,11F,11G,11H,11I,11J,11K…中間膜
11a…一端
11b…他端
21…合わせガラス
22…合わせガラス部材
23…合わせガラス部材
Claims (8)
- 熱可塑性樹脂を含み、
一端と、前記一端とは反対側に前記一端よりも厚い厚みを有する他端とを有し、
1)一端から他端にかけて厚みが増加している領域を有し、かつ厚みが増加している領域の中に、一端から他端にかけて厚みの増加量が大きくなる部分を有するか、2)一端から他端にかけて厚みが増加している領域を有し、かつ厚みが増加している領域の中に、一端から他端にかけて厚みの増加量が小さくなる部分を有するか、3)厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である領域を有し、かつ厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である領域の中に、一端から他端にかけて楔角が大きくなる部分を有するか、及び/又は、4)厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である領域を有し、かつ厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である領域の中に、一端から他端にかけて楔角が小さくなる部分を有し、
1)前記厚みの増加量が大きくなる部分、2)前記厚みの増加量が小さくなる部分、3)前記楔角が大きくなる部分、及び4)前記楔角が小さくなる部分のうちの中間膜に含まれる部分の全てにおいて、1)前記厚みの増加量が大きくなる部分、2)前記厚みの増加量が小さくなる部分、3)前記楔角が大きくなる部分、及び4)前記楔角が小さくなる部分のそれぞれの中央の位置における表面の十点平均粗さRzが、いずれも20μm以上54μm以下である、合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 1)一端から他端にかけて厚みが増加している領域を有し、かつ厚みが増加している領域の中に、一端から他端にかけて厚みの増加量が大きくなる部分を有するか、及び/又は、2)一端から他端にかけて厚みが増加している領域を有し、かつ厚みが増加している領域の中に、一端から他端にかけて厚みの増加量が小さくなる部分を有する、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 3)厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である領域を有し、かつ厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である領域の中に、一端から他端にかけて楔角が大きくなる部分を有するか、及び/又は、4)厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である領域を有し、かつ厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である領域の中に、一端から他端にかけて楔角が小さくなる部分を有する、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリビニルアセタール樹脂である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記他端から前記一端に向かって50mmの位置における厚みが、前記一端から前記他端に向かって50mmの位置における厚みの1.2倍以上、2.5倍以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 可塑剤を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 表面がエンボス加工されている、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 第1の合わせガラス部材と、
第2の合わせガラス部材と、
請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜とを備え、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、前記合わせガラス用中間膜が配置されている、合わせガラス。
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JP2021001109A (ja) | 2021-01-07 |
TWI756186B (zh) | 2022-03-01 |
AU2016332385A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
BR112018006158A2 (ja) | 2018-10-09 |
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