JP7100632B2 - 環境に優しい船舶用燃料 - Google Patents
環境に優しい船舶用燃料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7100632B2 JP7100632B2 JP2019519954A JP2019519954A JP7100632B2 JP 7100632 B2 JP7100632 B2 JP 7100632B2 JP 2019519954 A JP2019519954 A JP 2019519954A JP 2019519954 A JP2019519954 A JP 2019519954A JP 7100632 B2 JP7100632 B2 JP 7100632B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M37/22—Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/42—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ships or vessels
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- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
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- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Description
Claims (13)
- 燃料の成分を作製するための常圧および減圧蒸留、溶剤分離および水素化処理を統合する方法であって、該方法による前記統合は、供給原料を流れに分離し、該分離された流れの1つまたは複数の部分を処理した後、処理流れおよび未処理流れを再混合して、前記燃料に組み合わされた前記未処理流れ内の任意の留分の最低沸点である初留点、および前記溶剤分離からの流出物であって次いで処理され前記燃料の一部を形成する流出物の最高沸騰部分である最高沸点を有する、硫黄含有量が目標硫黄含有量制限レベル以下である燃料を形成し、該方法が、
(a)硫黄および金属汚染物質を有する原油(2)を常圧蒸留カラム(100)に供給して、該供給原料を軽質オーバーヘッドガス(4)および
(i)安定化されていない自然のままの直留ナフサ(16)、
(ii)硫黄区切り点取り出し物(18)、ここで硫黄区切り点とは、x軸に原油の質量%または体積%を、y軸に硫黄含有量をプロットした場合に、x軸方向の単位移動量当たりのy軸方向の増加割合の大きな変化という意味において、硫黄含有量が急激に増加、または指数関数的に増加し始める点であると定義され、ここで単位移動量は留分の単位体積であり、増加割合は硫黄含有量の単位の変化割合であるところ、硫黄区切り点取り出し物(18)とは、(a)(i)のナフサの範囲の終点を超えて沸騰するが、硫黄区切り点以下で沸騰する炭化水素含有液体を分離したものである、
(iii)(a)(ii)の区切り点取り出し物(18)より上の軽質留出物(24)、ここで「区切り点取り出し物より上の軽質留出物」または「軽質留出物」とは、区切り点取り出し物の最大硫黄含有量より高い初期硫黄含有量を有する留分であり、それに対応して、区切り点取り出し物の最高終点よりも高い沸点(初留点)を有するものである、
(iv)中間留出物(26)、
(v)第1重質留出物(28)、および
(vi)常圧残留物(30)、を含む複数の取り出し物に分離すること、
(b)(a)(vi)常圧残留物(30)を減圧蒸留塔に供給して、
(i)第2重質留出物(32)、
(ii)軽質減圧軽油(36)、
(iii)重質減圧軽油(38)、および
(iv)減圧残留物(50)を製造すること、
(c)(b)(iv)減圧残留物(50)を溶剤分離(300)に供給し、
(i)脱アスファルト化油(80)、および
(ii)金属リッチピッチ(90)を製造すること
(d)(a)(iii)軽質留出物(24)、(a)(iv)中間留出物(26)、(a)(v)第1重質留出物(28)および(b)(i)第2重質留出物(32)を留出物水素化処理装置(430)に供給し、触媒の存在下、水素化処理条件のもと水素を添加して、
それによって、流れ(60)であって、以下、すなわち
(i)天然の状態のナフサ、すなわち、水素化処理において、蒸留塔または他の分離器から回収された水素化処理装置流出物の安定化されていない軽質留分を意味し、操作上で考えると、留出部範囲、重油範囲、またはその他の分離器への供給物のナフサ部よりも重質の物質などの分離器底部またはその近辺の1つまたは複数の重質留分を回収する水素化処理ゾーンの一部であって、安定化されていないもの、
(ii)(a)(iii)軽質留出物(24)、(a)(iv)中間留出物(26)、(a)(v)第1重質留出物(28)および(b)(i)第2重質留出物(32)を水素化処理して得られる流れの組み合わせから形成される低減硫黄流れである超低硫黄ディーゼル、
を含む流れ(60)を形成すること、
(e)(b)(ii)軽質減圧軽油(36)、(b)(iii)重質減圧軽油(38)および(c)(i)脱アスファルト化油(80)を重質油処理装置(460)に供給して、触媒の存在下、水素化処理条件のもと水素を添加して、それによって、流れ(70)であって、以下、すなわち
(i)天然の状態のナフサ、すなわち、水素化処理において、蒸留塔または他の分離器から回収された水素化処理装置流出物の安定化されていない軽質留分を意味し、操作上で考えると、留出部範囲、重油範囲、またはその他の分離器への供給物のナフサ部よりも重質の物質などの分離器底部またはその近辺の1つまたは複数の重質留分を回収する水素化処理ゾーンの一部であって、安定化されていないもの、
(ii)(b)(ii)軽質減圧軽油(36)、(b)(iii)重質減圧軽油(38)および(c)(i)脱アスファルト化油(80)を水素化処理して得られる流れの組み合わせの第1の部分から形成される第1低減硫黄流れである、超低硫黄ディーゼル、および
(iii)(b)(ii)軽質減圧軽油(36)、(b)(iii)重質減圧軽油(38)および(c)(i)脱アスファルト化油(80)を水素化処理して得られる流れの組み合わせの第2の部分から形成される第2低硫黄流れ、
を含む流れ(70)を形成すること、ならびに
(f)硫黄含有量が目標硫黄含有量制限レベル以下である前記燃料を、
(i)水素化処理がなされていない、(a)(i)安定化されていない自然のままの直留ナフサ(16)および(a)(i)硫黄区切り点取り出し物(18)の流れ(10)と
(ii)(d)(i)天然の状態のナフサおよび(d)(ii)超低硫黄ディーゼルの全てまたは一部を有する留出物水素化処理装置からの流れ(60)と
(iii)(e)(i)天然の状態のナフサ、(e)(ii)超低硫黄ディーゼルおよび(e)(iii)第2低硫黄流れを有する重質油処理装置からの流れ(70)を、
前記燃料の硫黄含有量が目標硫黄含有量制限を超えないように組み合わせて形成すること、を含む
ことを特徴とする方法。 - ガス化システムの統合を含み、
(a)金属リッチ重質残渣である1.(c)(ii)ピッチを、ガス化炉を有する1つまたは複数のガス化ユニットに供給し、蒸気および酸素の存在下、前記流れ1.(c)(ii)の部分酸化を行い、以下、すなわち
(i)合成ガスであって、その少なくとも一部は1.(d)の留出物水素化処理装置および1.(e)の重質油処理装置で使用される水素に変換され、発電用の蒸気タービンを駆動する蒸気を生成するためにガスタービンガスから熱を回収するための熱回収発生器をも含む複合サイクル発電プラントの燃焼ガスタービンの燃焼用の合成ガスである合成ガス、および
(ii)原油供給原料由来の金属汚染物の一部を含み、金属除去のため前記各ガス化炉から導かれる固形炭素、を形成すること、および
(b)前記ガス化および請求項1に記載の全ての単位操作からの硫黄含有ガス流れの全てを、1つまたは複数の硫黄除去用ガス回収ユニットに送ること
により、該統合を行う
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 製品における硫黄レベルを、前記組み合わせへの
(a)水素化処理されていない(a)(i)安定化されていない自然のままの直留ナフサまたは(a)(ii)硫黄区切り点取り出し物の流れ、
(b)留出物水素化処理装置に出入りする流れ、または
(c)重質油処理装置に出入りする流れ
のうち1つまたは複数の任意の量を増加または低減することによる調整によって達成し、該調整は前記組み合わせへの前記各流れの相対的硫黄含有量の測定に基づき、硫黄含有量が目標硫黄含有量制限レベル以下である燃料製品を形成する
請求項1に記載の方法。 - (a)1.(a)(i)安定化されていない自然のままの直留ナフサおよび1.(a)(ii)硫黄区切り点取り出し物を、それぞれさらに処理することなく、該組み合わせに供給し、
(b)製品における硫黄レベルを、前記組み合わせへの
(i)留出物水素化処理装置への流れ、および
(ii)重質油処理装置への流れ
の1つまたは複数の任意の量を増加または低減することにより調整し、
(c)次いで、何らかの理由で製品の硫黄含有量を目標硫黄レベルに上昇させる必要があるならば、前記組み合わせへの
(i)留出物水素化処理装置からの流れ、および
(ii)重質油処理装置からの流れ
のうち1つまたは複数の任意の量または脱硫の程度、を減らすか、または
(d)何らかの理由で製品の硫黄含有量を目標硫黄含有量限定レベル以下に低減させる必要があるならば、前記組み合わせへの
(i)留出物水素化処理装置からの流れ、および
(ii)重質油処理装置からの流れ、
の1つまたは複数の任意の量を増加させ、硫黄含有量が目標硫黄含有量制限レベル以下の燃料製品を形成することにより達成される
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 供給原料の硫黄含有量を、ISO 8754、ISO 14596または他の硫黄含有量分析法により測定して、x軸に原油の質量%または体積%を、y軸に硫黄含有量をプロットした場合に、x軸に原油の質量%または体積%を、y軸に硫黄含有量をプロットした場合に、x軸方向の単位移動量当たりのy軸方向の増加割合の大きな変化という意味において、硫黄含有量が急激に増加、または指数関数的に増加し始める点である硫黄区切り点取り出しの終点を示す硫黄プロファイルをプロットし、そのようなプロファイルを使用して、処理なしでも利用可能であるべき1.(a)(i)安定化されていない自然のままの直留ナフサおよび1.(a)(ii)硫黄区切り点取り出しの入手可能な量を最大化するように常圧蒸留の調整を制御し、水素化処理に向けられるべき流れの量を低減して、硫黄含有量が目標硫黄含有量制限レベル以下である燃料製品を形成する
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 供給源の硫黄含有量を、ISO 8754、ISO 14596または他の硫黄含有量分析法により測定して、x軸に原油の質量%または体積%を、y軸に硫黄含有量をプロットした場合に、x軸方向の単位移動量当たりのy軸方向の増加割合の大きな変化という意味において、硫黄含有量が急激に増加、または指数関数的に増加し始める点である硫黄区切り点取り出しの終点を示す硫黄プロファイルをプロットし、そのようなプロファイルを使用して、水素化処理に向けられるべき流れの量を決定および制御し、硫黄含有量が目標硫黄含有量制限レベル以下である燃料を形成する
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記常圧蒸留、減圧蒸留、溶剤分離、および水素化処理操作のための装置が、高硫黄燃料油または他の重質残留物を含む供給原料を処理するための追加または予備の能力を有するような大きさであり、
硫黄含有量が目標燃料硫黄含有量制限レベル以下である燃料を形成して、前記追加の重質残留物からの硫黄および金属の少なくとも一部を捕捉する
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 目標硫黄含有量限定レベルよりも高い硫黄含有量を有する高硫黄燃料油を、
(a)常圧もしくは減圧蒸留、
(b)溶剤分離、
(c)留出物水素化処理装置であって、1.(a)(iii)軽質留出物、1.(a)(iv)中間留出物、1.(a)(v)第1重質留出物および1.(b)(i)第2重質留出物の1つもしくは複数が別々に、もしくは組み合わせて供給される留出物水素化処理装置、または
(d)重質油処理装置であって、1.(b)(i)軽質減圧軽油、1.(b)(i ii)重質減圧軽油および1.(c)(i)脱アスファルト化油の1つもしくは複数が別々に、もしくは組み合わせて供給される重質油処理装置
の1つまたは複数に供給し、硫黄含有量が目標硫黄含有量制限レベル以下である燃料を形成する
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 請求項1の減圧蒸留および溶剤分離装置以外の供給源からの高硫黄燃料油または他の重質残留物であって、目標硫黄含有量限定レベルよりも高い硫黄含有量を有する前記油または残留物を、
(a)1.(b)減圧蒸留塔であって、1.(a)(vi)常圧残留物と別々にもしくは組み合わせて、前記1.(b)(i)第2重質留出物、1.(b)(ii)軽 質減圧軽油、1.(b)(iii)重質減圧軽油、1.(b)(iv)減圧残留物の いずれかもしくは全ての少なくとも一部を作製する、1.(b)減圧蒸留塔、または
(b)1.(c)溶剤分離であって、1.(b)(4)減圧残留物と別々にもしくは組み合わせて、1.(c)(i)脱アスファルト化油および1.(c)(ii)金属リッチピッチを作製する1.(c)溶剤分離、
の1つまたは複数に供給し、硫黄含有量が目標硫黄含有量制限レベル以下である燃料を形成する
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 目標硫黄含有量限定レベル以下または超える硫黄含有量を有する高硫黄燃料油を、
(a)1.(a)(i)安定化されていない自然のままの直留ナフサおよび1.(a)(ii)硫黄区切り点取り出し物から、追加の処理なしに、形成される流れ、または
(b)1.(d)(i)天然の状態のナフサおよび1.(d)(ii)超低硫黄ディーゼルを有する、留出物水素化処理装置により形成される流れ、または
(c)1.(e)(i)天然の状態のナフサ、1.(e)(ii)超低硫黄ディー ゼルおよび1.(e)(iii)第2低減硫黄流れを有する、重質油処理装置により形成される流れ
の1つまたは複数と組み合わせ、硫黄含有量が目標硫黄含有量制限レベル以下である燃料の一部を形成する
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 軽質タイトオイルを、
(a)常圧もしくは減圧蒸留、溶剤分離、留出物水素化処理装置または重質油処理装置への供給原料、
(b)1.(a)(i)安定化されていない自然のままの直留ナフサおよび1.(a)(ii)硫黄区切り点取り出しから、追加の処理なしに、形成される流れ、または
(c)1.(d)(i)天然の状態のナフサおよび1.(d)(ii)超低硫黄ディーゼルを有する、留出物水素化処理装置により形成される流れ、または
(d)1.(e)(i)天然の状態のナフサ、1.(e)(ii)超低硫黄ディー ゼルおよび1.(e)(iii)第2低減硫黄流れを有する,重質油処理装置により形成される流れ、または
(e)留出物水素化処理装置からの1.(c)の水素化処理された流出物の全てと重質油処理装置からの1.(d)の水素化処理された流出物の全てとの組み合わせから形成される単一の流出物流れ、
の1つまたは複数と組み合わせ、硫黄含有量が目標硫黄含有量制限レベル以下である燃料を形成する
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 硫黄含有ガス流れから硫黄を除去する処理が、1つまたは複数の除去ユニット内で、溶剤による除去、および反応性化学物質ベースの複数のアミンまたは他の除去剤および溶剤により、異なる方法で処理し、その際、前記各ユニット中の除去剤の比率を、複雑さが低いまたは高い硫黄含有分子を選択的に除去するように、前記各ユニットへの硫黄分布に基づいて調節する
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記留出物水素化処理装置からの流れ(60)および前記重質油水素化処理装置からの流れ(70)は、液体製品を分離するが共通のオーバーヘッドガスを形成する分離器に別々に送られ、各液体製品はその後の燃料製品における組み合わせのため、その組み合わせの一部としての組成制御のための調節量として、または他の使用のために、別々に取り出される
請求項1に記載の方法。
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